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de-climate-change-analysis provides statistical analysis and plotting functions to determine absolute and relative changes in climate variables. It is used by the Digital Earth Climate Change Backend Module as part of the Digital Earth Flood Event Explorer. It is developed at the Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon (https://www.hereon.de) in collaboration with the GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences (https://www.gfz-potsdam.de) and funded by the Initiative and Networking Fund of the Helmholtz Association through the Digital Earth project (https://www.digitalearth-hgf.de/). We acknowledge funding from the Initiative and Networking Fund of the Helmholtz Association through the project "Digital Earth". {"references": ["Gitlab Repository: https://git.geomar.de/digital-earth/de-climate-change/de-climate-change-analysis"]}

Increasing levels of anthropogenic underwater noise have caused concern over their potential impacts on marine life. Offshore renewable energy developments and seismic exploration can produce impulsive noise which is especially hazardous for marine mammals because it can induce auditory damage at shorter distances and behavioural disturbance at longer distances. However, far-field effects of impulsive noise remain poorly understood, causing a high level of uncertainty when predicting the impacts of offshore energy developments on marine mammal populations. Here we used a 10-year dataset on the occurrence of coastal bottlenose dolphins over the period 2009-2019 to investigate far-field effects of impulsive noise from offshore activities undertaken in three different years. Activities included a 2D seismic survey and the pile installation at two offshore wind farms, 20-75 km from coastal waters known to be frequented by dolphins. We collected passive acoustic data in key coastal areas and used a Before-After Control-Impact design to investigate variation in dolphin detections in areas exposed to different levels of impulsive noise from these offshore activities. We compared dolphin detections at two temporal scales, comparing years and days with and without impulsive noise. Passive acoustic data confirmed that dolphins continued to use the impact area throughout each offshore activity period, but also provided evidence of short-term behavioural responses in this area. Unexpectedly, and only at the smallest temporal scale, a consistent increase in dolphin detections was observed at the impact sites during activities generating impulsive noise. We suggest that this increase in dolphin detections could be explained by changes in vocalization behaviour. Marine mammal protection policies focus on the near-field effects of impulsive noise; however, our results emphasize the importance of investigating the far-field effects of anthropogenic disturbances to better understand the impacts of human activities on marine mammal populations. Echolocation detectors (CPODs; Chelonia Ltd) were deployed between 2009 and 2019 to investigate the variation in dolphin detections in relation to the impulsive noise from three energy developments: a seismic survey for oil and gas exploration and the installation of foundation piles for two offshore wind farms (Beatrice Offshore Wind Farm and Moray East Offshore Wind Farm). Data on the timing of the seismic survey and piling operations were provided by the developers (Oil and Gas UK Ltd., COWRIE, Beatrice Offshore Wind Ltd. and Moray Offshore Wind Farm East). Data consist of 7 files and include the datasets and R code required to repeat all the analyses. A full description of the files provided in the Readme.txt file: OFB_FarField_DPH.csv OFB_FarField_BOWL.csv OFB_FarField_MEOW.csv OFB_FarField_BACI_Obtain_DPH_Dataset.R OFB_FarField_DPH_for_BACI.csv OFB_FarField_BACI_DPH_Models.R OFB_FarField_Readme.txt

Content: Workflow (data and code) to reproduce the results presented in Minoli et al. (2022): Source code of the crop calendar model (./code/01_crop_calendars) Source code of the LPJmL model (./code/02_LPJmL5.0-gsadapt) Scripts for data analysis (./code/03_data_analysis) LPJmL model outputs (./lpjml_output_*) Outputs of the GGCMI crop model evaluation tool (./ggcmi_yield_evaluation_tool_output) # LPJmL outputs in ./data refer to the following climate scenarios gfd = GFDL-ESM2M had = HadGEM2-ES ips = IPSL-CM5A-LR mir = MIROC5 wfd = WFDEI Manuscript Reference: Sara Minoli, Jonas Jägermeyr, Senthold Asseng, Anton Urfels, Christoph Müller. Global crop yields can be lifted by timely adaptation of growing periods to climate change. Nature Communications.

The increasing frequency and intensity of summer heat waves is pushing freshwater zooplankton towards their upper thermal tolerance limits. At the same time, higher temperatures and prolonged water column stratification can favor the dominance of cyanobacteria in phytoplankton. Even when not toxic or grazing resistant, these prokaryotes lack phytosterols as essential precursors for cholesterol, the main sterol in animal tissues. Cholesterol plays a crucial role in the physiological adaptation of ectotherms to high temperature. Therefore, the shift to cyanobacteria-dominated systems may increase the vulnerability of zooplankton to heatwaves by intensifying cholesterol limitation. Here, we used death time curves that take into consideration the intensity and duration of a thermal challenge and a dynamic model to study the effects of cholesterol limitation on the heat tolerance of the keystone species Daphnia magna and to simulate the cumulative mortality that could occur in a fluctuating environment over several days of heatwave. We show that increasing cholesterol limitation does not affect the slope between time-to-immobilization and temperature, but does decrease the maximal temperature that Daphnia can withstand by up to 0.74°C. This seemingly small difference is sufficient to halve the time individuals can survive heat stress. Our simulations predicted that, when facing heatwaves over several days, the differences in survival caused by cholesterol limitation build up rapidly. Considering the anticipated intensity and duration of future (2070-2099) heatwaves, cholesterol limitation could increase mortality by up to 45% and 72% under low- and medium-greenhouse-gas-emission scenarios, respectively. These results suggest that the increasing risk of cholesterol limitation due to more frequent cyanobacterial blooms could compromise the resistance of zooplankton populations to future heatwaves. More generally, this study shows the importance of considering the nutritional context in any attempt to predict ectotherm mortality with increasing temperatures in the field. We used death time curves to study the effects of cholesterol limitation on the heat tolerance of the keystone species Daphnia magna and to simulate the cumulative mortality that could occur in a fluctuating environment over several days of heatwave. In that aim, D. magna neonates were grown under controlled laboratory condition on a sterol-free, non-toxic cyanobacterial diet (Synnechococcus obliquus) supplemented with different amounts of cholesterol-containing liposomes to obtain four cholesterol concentrations of 0.25, 2.5, 5, and 8 µg per mg C. In all treatments, a small amount of eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5ω3) was also added via liposomes (resulting in 0.25 µg 20:5ω3 per mg C) in order to prevent severe 20:5ω3 limitation, thereby aiding the development of daphnids. The daphnids were grown at 27°C, a non-lethal yet super-optimal temperature. Heat tolerance (time to immobilization) of the daphnids from the different cholesterol treatments was tested on day seven at five different constant temperatures (34.5°, 35.5°, 36.5°, 37.5°, 38.5°C). Here, we provide the raw data, as well as the R scripts used to analyze the data. Funding provided by: Deutsche ForschungsgemeinschaftCrossref Funder Registry ID: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659Award Number: KO5330/1-1Funding provided by: GDR CNRS 3716 GRET*Crossref Funder Registry ID: Award Number:

This script was created to facilitate analysis of data (see data publication) pertaining to the publication: Jongejans, L. L., Strauss, J., Lenz, J., Peterse, F., Mangelsdorf, K., Fuchs, M. and Grosse, G. (2018). Organic matter characteristics in yedoma and thermokarst deposits on Baldwin Peninsula, west Alaska. Biogeosciences 15, 6033-6048. doi:10.5194/bg-15-6033-2018. The input data stem from sediment samples taken from two permafrost exposures in west Alaska. The input parameters are total organic carbon content, bulk density, wedge ice volume, deposit thickness and coverage. The script calculates the organic carbon storage of the permafrost sediments using a bootstrapping approach. The script was written for statistical software R (version 3.6.1). The current code and the required files are available on GitHub.

This is the software and data set named "Supplementary Software 1" for the research paper "Offshore wind competitiveness in mature markets without subsidy". Please refer to the README file in the ZIP file for instructions. The paper is currently under review and access is for peer-review purposes only. Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung under project reference FKZ 01LA1821A. BTU Cottbus-Senftenberg for a postgraduate scholarship (GradV).

Photoperiod is a common cue for seasonal plasticity and phenology, but climate change can create cue-environment mismatches for organisms that rely on it. Evolution could potentially correct these mismatches, but phenology often depends on multiple plastic decisions made during different life stages and seasons that may evolve separately. For example, Pararge aegeria (Speckled wood butterfly) has photoperiod-cued seasonal life history plasticity in two different life stages: larval development time and pupal diapause. We tested for climate-change-associated evolution of this plasticity by replicating common garden experiments conducted on two Swedish populations 30 years ago. We found evidence for evolutionary change in the contemporary larval reaction norm—although these changes differed between populations—but no evidence for evolution of the pupal reaction norm. This variation in evolution across life stages demonstrates the need to consider how climate change affects the whole life cycle to understand its impacts on phenology. Please see the main paper and readme files for full details on the methods associated with this dataset. Data on the historic experiment was digitized for this study from the original data sheets associated with Nylin et al 1989, 1995 (see main text for full citations). Data for the contemporary experiment was generated by the authors for this study, following the methods of the historic experiment. Temperature data came from the Swedish Hydrological and Meteorological Institute weather stations and was restructured, but otherwise used as provided by SHMI. Readme file is also plain text compatible (.txt). Data files are comma-separated values (.csv) format. Software files (.R) are written in in R.Funding provided by: VetenskapsrådetCrossref Funder Registry ID: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004359Award Number: 2017-04500Funding provided by: Bolin Centre for Climate Research*Crossref Funder Registry ID: Award Number:

This map shows all emissions of CO and CO2 in Europe in selected industrial categories that contain processes with Carbon4PUR compatible emissions according to the E-PRTR. The information contained in this document has been prepared solely for the purpose of providing information about the Carbon4PUR consortium and its project. The document reflects only the Carbon4PUR consortium’s view and the European Commission is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information it contains. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 768919. This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 768919 {"references": ["https://carbonnext-eu.github.io/"]}