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International audience In today’s consumer society, shopping is the kind of mundane and routine kind of mobility that we all engage in. Yet having a first child or growing old radically changes people’s logistical habits as consumers, what the authors of this book call consumer logistics. Exploring consumer mobility through the lens of life phase and age will deepen the understanding of hitherto under-researched aspects of the ageing process and of mobility, knowledge that is of vital importance for societies striving for sustainable mobility and sustainable cities.

National audience; Major breakthroughs in the deep sub-micron technology have led to the emergence of ubiquitous computing \cite{ME93}. Small and inexpensive devices like Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) have a lot of attention in recent years. Thanks to its portability, it may be carried out on everywhere from the human body to be deeply embedded in the environment. WSN can easily be deployed in large space with dramatically less complexity and cost compared to wired networks. Additionally, sensors can self-organize to form routing paths, collaborate on data processing, and establish hierarchies. The WSN is also re-configurable by easily adding and removing sensor nodes. However, on the one hand Wireless Sensor Nodes(WSNOs) are usually deployed in hostile environment containing many potential hardware failures. Hence, it is difficult for human to intervene in case of hard-failure of node element, and battery energy is leaked if a failing element is still supplied. On the other hand WSNOs have a limited power supply usually powered by batteries. Therefore, reliability and energy-efficiency of WSNO are important constraints for designers.

ANTEC (Annual Technical Conference), sponsored by the Society of Plastics Engineers, celebrated its 67th year of excellence in Chicago, Illinois. As the largest peer-reviewed technical conference serving the plastics industry, ANTEC is perfectly positioned to help the plastics specialist achieve new levels of professional development. International audience Starchy products are commonly transformed by twin screw extrusion, either for the manufacturing of food products (extrusion cooking of snacks or breakfast cereals, for example) or for the production of bio-based materials (bioplastics). During the extrusion process, starch is submitted to high shear rates and stresses which lead to a modification of its basic structure. As many properties of the extruded starch are directly connected to the molecular weight and its distribution, it is very important to be able to predict the changes experienced during the extrusion process. In order to model the transformation of starch during twin screw extrusion process, it is thus necessary to take into account the strong coupling between viscosity and thermomechanical treatment. It is the purpose of the present work. We have used the software Ludovic0, which was developed ten years ago to calculate the flow of a polymer along a twin screw extruder. We have assumed that the degradation reaction (viscosity decrease) was linked to the specific energy received during the flow. We have compared extrusion cases with and without viscosity/energy coupling and we show that it is important to take it into account in order to correctly predict the parameters of the extrusion process (torque, energy, product temperature...) and the starch transformation.

International audience This chapter is about the recent development of wind energy in three European countries, France, Germany and Portugal, investigated through landscape issues. Its objective is to provide information about the role of institutions and landscape practices in the management of energy transition.‘Energy landscapes’ are understood here as landscapes with a low carbon content which physically and socially include the presence of new energy infrastructures (Nadaï and Van der Horst, 2010; Selman, 2010; Pasqualetti, 2000). Landscape is envisaged as a cultural and social process whose transformations we will try to monitor using a dual analysis, on one hand, of the institutions which support organisation and perception, and on the other, of the practices with which the spaces are experienced, managed and practised, especially when they are reorganised around new energy infrastructures.After having definedour method, we will examine the deployment of wind energy and its articulation to landscape issues in each of the three countries. We will conclude by comparing the practices and institutional issues linked to the emergence of these new energy landscapes. The comparison of the results from each country will allow us to discuss the role of landscape in the deployment of wind energy and to conclude in general on its importance in managing the energy transition.

The versatility of the track-etching technique has allowed to investigate deeper the direct and inverse piezoelectric effect of a polarized Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) film in building nanostructured hybrid Nickel nanowires (Ni NWs)/PVDF membrane. The magnetic properties of the Ni NW, such as anisotropic magneto resistance (AMR), are exploited to investigate the response of the magnetization to a mechanical deformation of the PVDF matrix. In particular, the deformations were induced either by thermo-mechanical or an electro-mechanical (inverse piezoelectric effect) stress. The sensitivity of the single NW has allowed to determine the amplitude and direction of a mechanical stress exerted at the nano-scale by the PVDF matrix. The outstanding resistance of the direct piezoelectric response of polarized PVDF film to radiation, such as SHI and e-beam, (doses range < 100kGy) was reported. Beyond the conservation of the piezoelectric response, in this dose range, irradiation defects (chain scissions, increase of the crystalline -phase, crosslinking) had a significative impact on the polymer material. All these defects, ones predominant above the gel dose (herein 10 kGy), and the other ones below, compensate their antagonistic effects towards the globally unchanged piezoelectric responses. Motivated by the high radiation resistance of the PVDF in terms of piezoelectric response, the idea was to exploit Ni NWs array embedded in the polarized PVDF membrane to study the influence of the Ni NWs on the piezoelectric response in view of harvesting energy application. The presence of the Ni NWs array leads a non-negligible increase of the piezoelectric efficiency. Related to the presence of the NWs, an increase of the dielectric permittivity in the nanostructured PVDF was also reported. An interfacial polarization between the Ni NWs and the PVDF matrix could explain the higher efficiency value respect to nanoporous PVDF, without NWs. La polyvalence de la technique de track-etching a permis d’étudier plus avant l’effet piezoélectrique direct et indirect d’un film polarisé en poly(fluorure de vinylidène) PVDF en créant des membranes nanostructurées hybrides de nanofils de nickel (Ni NWs)/PVDF. Les propriétés magnétiques du nanofil de nickel, telle que la magnétorésistance anisotrope (AMR), ont été exploitées afin d’étudier la réponse de l’aimantation à la déformation mécanique de la matrice PVDF. En particulier, les déformations ont été induites soit par contrainte thermo-mécanique, soit par contrainte électromécanique (effet piezoélectrique indirect). La sensibilité d’un nanofil unique a permis de déterminer l’amplitude et la direction de la contrainte mécanique exercée à l’échelle nanométrique par la matrice PVDF. La résistance exceptionnelle de la réponse piezoélectrique directe du film PVDF polarisé à l’irradiation, telle que l’irradiation aux ions-lourds accélérés et aux électrons (domaine de doses < 100kGy) a été observée. Mis à part la conservation de la réponse piezoélectrique, les défauts engendrés par l’irradiation dans ce domaine de dose (scissions de chaines, augmentation de phase crystalline, réticulations) ont eu un impact significatif sur la structure du matériau polymère. L’ensemble de ces défauts, les uns prépondérants en-dessous de la dose-gel ( 10kGy), les autres au-dessus, forme une compensation d’effets antagonistes qui mènent à une réponse piezoélectrique globalement inchangée. Stimulé par la grande résistance du PVDF à l’irradiation en termes de réponse piezoélectrique, l’idée a été d’exploiter, en vue d’une application dans la récupération d’énergie, le réseau de nanofils de nickel inclus dans la membrane en PVDF polarisé pour étudier l’influence des nanofils de nickel sur la l’efficacité piezoélectrique. La présence du réseau de nanofils de nickel mène à un accroissement non négligeable de l’efficacité piezoélectrique. Reliée à la présence des nanofils, une augmentation de la permittivité diélectrique dans le PVDF nanostructuré a également été enregistrée. Une polarisation interfaciale entre les nanofils de nickel et la matrice PVDF pourrait expliquer cette valeur accrue par rapport au PVDF nanoporeux sans nanofils.

International audience

International audience; This paper deals with a new approach to science and education regarding photovoltaic energy and applications. This teaching method is based on a Solar Production Simulator (SPS). This apparatus is able to reproduce the sun’s path on a small scale at all times of the year. The energy production is then estimated with different orientation and/or inclination of a solar sensor. The SPS provides students with the unique opportunity to learn, in a playful manner, the fundamental principles of photovoltaic energy. Several examples of practical work are detailed to give an accurate appreciation of many applications in the photovoltaic sector. A lot of applications could be studied such as implementation of solar position calculations, electrical characterization of solar cells with various technologies or tracking system programming.

International audience; A solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) based combined heat and power (CHP) system in the power range of 1 kWe fed by pure hydrogen stored in a MgH2 tank thermally integrated with the SOFC is presented. Different system configurations were first simulated to compare the system performances in each case. An experimental setup specially designed to test the thermal integration of a magnesium hydride tank with a 1 kWe SOFC stack is fully described. The difficulties encountered during the coupling tests are useful to understand how to solve these technical issues.

This paper discusses the role of cities and local governments in the implementation of strategies for sustainable urban food systems. In six Mediterranean metropolitan regions we analyze urban policies and agricultural practices, along with the political processes involved. The comparison confirms that cities are pertinent actors, capable of encouraging new practices and transversal governance. Nevertheless, questions remain concerning their ability to mobilize the agricultural community, and civil society in general, both elements crucial to the sustainability of any agricultural and food strategy. In concluding, we discuss the conditions that could lead to the emergence and implementation of sustainable urban food systems.