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This site includes coastal dune ecosystems of Central Italy, both along Tyrrhenian and Adriatic coastline. The flora and the fauna of the site is highly specialized with a relevant ecological value. On the other side, the site includes one of the most threatened ecosystems at national and European level, mainly due to direct and indirect human pressures. These areas host many EU interest habitats and species and are included in the Nature 2000 Network. Major EU Habitats are: Habitat 1210 (Annual vegetation of drift lines), Habitat 2110 (Embryonic shifting dunes), Habitat 2120 (Shifting dunes along the shorelines with Ammophila arenaria), Habitat 2230 (Malcolmietalia dune grasslands), priority Habitat 2250* (Coastal dunes with Juniperus spp.), Habitat 2260 (Cisto-Lavanduletalia dune sclerophyllous scrubs) and priority Habitat 2270* (Wooded dunes with Pinuspinea and/or Pinus pinaster). The main topics of the ecological monitoring are: the temporal dynamics of plant diversity and abundance of coastal EU habitats, the periodical observation of nesting avifauna and Testudo hermanni, and the multi-temporal analysis of land cover types and its distribution, as well as of dune morphology and shoreline evolution.

The parent site consists of: two main research sites (Lake Santo Parmense and Lake Scuro Parmense) in the Northern Apennines, but also several temporary and permanent lentic systems sampled at a lower frequency; two main research sites in the Western Alps (Lake Paione Inferiore and Superiore), and about 30 high altitude lakes (above 1900 m a.s.l.) in the same area, with long-term irregular data; one research site located in the Brenta Dolomites (Lake Tovel) at 1178 m a.s.l. with a monthly sampling regime and long-term data; three main research sites in the province of Bozen, together with other 11 lakes all located below the treeline, monitored since 1979 with samplings at irregular intervals. For all the main research sites long-term data exist on water chemistry, plankton and benthos; however, the datasets of the various sites may be different in terms of size, temporal coverage, frequency of the series and monitored parameters. The main research topics considered are eutrophication and acidification, population dynamics, biodiversity, functional diversity, lake metabolism, plankton phenology, alien species, climate change effects, impacts of anthropogenic activities in lake catchments, high frequency monitoring.

The Macrosite "IT08 Subalpine Lakes" includes a group of lakes located at the southern border of the Alps. The lake typologies are represented by large and deep lakes (Orta, Garda, Maggiore, Como and Iseo) and by a lake of smaller size and shallow depth (Candia). Topics common to all the research sites include the impact of eutrophication and climate change, the composition, structure and dynamics of biological communities (plankton, necton and littoral communities), trophic webs, paleolimnology, ecotoxicology, ecological status and remote sensing. Scientific investigations are supported by a wide availability of technological infrastructures and laboratories located in the reference institutions, and by a wide range of technological equipment for fieldwork. These facilities, funded within the individual institutes involved in the research, have allowed not only to maintain, but also to update the classical approaches used in scientific monitoring, while opening up new research fields (especially molecular ecology, microbial ecology, metabolomic profiling, antibiotic resistance genes, high frequency monitoring by sensor technology). Over the last decade, the continuity and regularity of investigations have been facilitated by the availability of both external and ordinary funds. The variety of research activities carried out on the IT08 macrosite is evidenced by the publication of numerous scientific papers, as well as contributions (oral or poster) presented at national and international conferences, and by the presence in the mass media. In this context, the scientific monitoring is a key element of LTER research, including not only data collection (basic monitoring), but also data interpretation, modeling, and experimental manipulation, with particular attention to key groups of selected variables in order to identify the most significant environmental stressors and the degree of change at the level of ecosystems, communities, species and populations.

This paper presents a case study of the La Salata geoarchaeological site (National Park of Gargano, southern Italy), where the cultural value of the necropolis is in addition to that geological, linked to the presence of one of the most beautiful Mediterranean exhibitions of Eocene bioclastic limestone facies at Nummulites and the presence of karst landforms. The site is an excellent example of integration of environmental and cultural values that favor an increase of cultural tourism for the benefit of communities and local businesses. However, the site should be subject to protection through initiatives to consolidate the fronts of slopes subject to rockfalls and often affected by the cavity collapses. In this sense, the most attention has been offered by the private rather than public sectors, including in these last the national, regional and local Authorities.

This work was carried out by a consortium of agencies and research institutes, in order to obtain indications on water demand and adaptation of irrigation management of important Italian crops in the coming decades, in the light of climatic scenarios provided by the Agroscenari project. The main results obtained regard integration and improvement of the Criteria crop water balance model and its use to evaluate future irrigation needs of crops like permanent meadows, maize, wheat, tomato, kiwifruit and citrus crops in diverse northern and southern Italy environments. We also developed and implemented an example of "climate service" for early crop classification and seasonal summer irrigation need forecasting in Emilia-Romagna.

On 24 February 2019, the Parliament of Uganda approved the National Environment Act to provide for a correct management of the environment and natural resources. The Act was adopted in order to enhance the protection of the environment, address a strategic assessment in implementing environmental rights and sustainable development, and increase penalties for offences against nature. The relevance of this Act stands in the radical change of the legal consideration of the environment and nature. Indeed, the Ugandan legislation appears to alter the classical parameter of environmental law in considering Nature a subject entitled to its own rights with the possibility of recurring before the Courts in case of danger and/or violations. This reform marks a shift from an anthropocentric vision of the environment towards a more geocentric construction of environmental law. Nuovi Autoritarismi e Democrazie: Diritto, Istituzioni, Societ�� (NAD-DIS), V. 3 N. 2 (2021)

Agroscenari is a multiannual research project, funded and coordinated at the national level, supporting Italian agriculture adaptation to climate change and developing decision-making tools for public administrations and stakeholders. The project was active in six representative areas: Po Valley, Oristano, Benevento, Destra Sele, Faenza and two small basins in the Marche region. Climate change scenarios were created for every area to assess impacts on the main cropping systems and to identify adaptation options. In the last year of the project (2014) a policy brief (PB) for each test area was prepared in order to promote the transfer of scientific results. In addition to summarizing expected climate change, methods and results, PBs contain a SWOT analysis relating strengths and weaknesses internal to the agricultural production systems with the opportunities and threats from climate change, and suggesting adaptation measures for the Italian Rural Development Programme 2014-2020.

GeoClimAlp (Geomorphological impacts of Climate change in the Alps) is a research group of the CNR-IRPI established with the intent to deepen and improve the knowledge on the role of climate change in the morphogenesis of the alpine environment in general and of high-altitude environments in particular. The geological-morphological and climatic-hydrologic research fields are the main ones to be integrated in the scientific activities of the research group. The activities currently carried out by GeoClimAlp are mainly oriented on the study of natural instability processes occurring in mountain environments in general and at high-elevation sites in particular, with emphasis on changes taking place due to the climate change, and on related geohazards. For this type of activity, we have developed a web-based relational database that is able to store and manage data and information about: 1.the natural instability processes that occur at high-elevation sites 2.the main climatic parameters that are necessary for the study of these processes Data and information can be inserted into the database trough a simple web interface, trough a smartphone or a tablet. In this way, many informations can be acquired by the hikers, by the citizens and by others (rock climbers and mountain guides, alpine rescue team, park guards) directly on site, near where processes occur.