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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Zou, Yang;

    In polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFC), hydrated perfluorosulfonate ionomers such as NAFION are generally used as membrane materials. The high proton conductivity required for the application in the fuel cells comes from the water which acts as a carrier for protons in the swollen polymer membrane. A main disadvantage of such hydrated materials is that the upper limit of their useful temperature range is 100°C at normal pressure. However, when reformates or methanol is used as a fuel in fuel cells, temperatures above 100°C are required. Therefore, the development of new polymer electrolyte membrane materials for the application at high temperature, e.g. in the direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC), is attracting considerable interest. It has already been reported that heterocyclic aromates, such as imidazole, pyrazole and benzimidazole, show proton and solvent transport properties similar to water at a given temperature related to the corresponding melting point. However, due to their relatively low vapor pressures, these low molecular weight components will volatilize progressively as increasing temperature, which leads to a decrease of conductivity. One approach to overcome this limitation is to fix the proton carrier on the polymer backbone. 1,8-bis(dimethylamino)naphthalene has been selected as a carrier because of its well known proton sponge characteristics. Using this compound as carrier moiety in the side chain or main chain the different novel polymers were synthesized in this work. All synthesized polymers were characterized by different methods. Using proton sponge and functional polymers as base components, while p-toluene sulfonic acid and sulfonated polystyrene as acid components, both low molecular weight mixture and blends were prepared and inverstigated regarding their proton transfer, morphology and conductivity by FTIR, DSC and impedance spectroscopy. Im Bereich der Niedertemperatur-Brennstoffzellen kommt den protonenleitenden Membranmaterialien eine entscheidende Rolle zu. In kommerziellen Polymerelektrolyt-Brennstoffzellen (PEMC) werden gewöhnlich perfluorierte Sulfonationionomere wie z. B. Nafion als Membranmaterial eingesetzt. Ein Hauptnachteil dieser Materialien ist allerdings die begrenzte Temperaturstabilität der Membran. Oberhalb von 80°C verarmt die Membran an Wasser einhergehend mit dem Verlust an Protonenleitfähigkeit. Die Verwendung von z. B. Methanol anstelle von Wasserstoff als Brennstoff (DMFC) erfordert jedoch Temperaturen über 150°C. Die in der Literatur bekannten Ansätze Wasser als Protonencarrier zu ersetzen, basieren auf der Verwendung höhersiedender Heteroaromaten wie z.B. Imidazol, Pyrazol und Benzimidazol. Eine Verflüchtigung dieser Stoffe bei höherer Temperatur führt aber auch hier zur Verarmung an Ladungsträgereinheiten in der Membran. Ein Ansatz diese Limitierung zu umgehen, ist die Verwendung von festen Carriermembranen, bei denen die Carrierfunktion von funktionellen, am Polymer fixierten Strukturelementen übernommen wird. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurden Funktionspolymere mit 1,8-Bis(dimethylamino)naphthalin- Struktureinheiten, die in der Literatur als "Protonenschwammverbindung" bekannt sind, sowohl in die Hauptkette als auch in die Seitenkette synthetisiert. Diese Funktionspolymere wurden mittels verschiedener Analytikmethoden charakterisiert. Die Mischungen des als Poylmerstrukturbaustein fungierenden 1,8-Bis(dimethylamino)-naphthalins mit p-Toluolsulfonsäure wie auch die Ionomerblends aus Funktionspolymer bzw. sulfonierten Polystyrol und niedermolekularen Komponenten wurden hergestellt und hinsichtlich ihrer Protonentransfer, Morphologie und Leitfähigkeit mittels FTIR-Spektroskopie, differentieller Wärmeflußkalorimetrie und Impedanzspektroskopie untersucht.

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    https://dx.doi.org/10.18419/op...
    Doctoral thesis . 2002
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Hochschulschriftense...arrow_drop_down
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.18419/op...
      Doctoral thesis . 2002
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Oehmke, Sebastian;

    Da fossile Quellen endlich sind, werden Chemikalien aus nachwachsenden Rohstoffen immer interessanter für die Forschung und Industrie. Zu den vielversprechenden Plattformchemikalien gehört das Stoffpaar 3-Hydroxypropionaldehyd/ Acrolein. Jedoch sind bisherige Ansätze für eine wirtschaftliche Produktion von 3-Hydroxypropionaldehyd/ Acrolein im industriellen Maßstab nicht ausreichend. Deshalb wurde in dieser Arbeit geprüft, inwieweit sich Schlempe, ein glycerinhaltiges Nebenprodukt der Bioethanolherstellung, zur 3-Hydroxypropionaldehyd/ Acrolein Produktion nutzen lässt und inwieweit diese Produktion in den Bioethanolprozess im Sinne des Bioraffineriekonzeptes integriert werden kann, um bestehende Probleme zu lösen und Produktionskosten zu reduzieren. Dazu wurden ansatzweise und kontinuierliche Versuche im 5 ml bis 2 l Maßstab sowie Berechnungen in den Bereichen Biokatalysatorproduktion, Biotransformation, Aufreinigung und Kostenschätzung durchgeführt. Der Ganzzellbiokatalysator Lactobacillus reuteri ATCC 53608 ist nicht in der Lage die Hefezellen aus Bioethanolproduktionsrückständen für sein Wachstum zu nutzen, jedoch hat sich gezeigt, dass er nicht alle Nährstoffe im MRS Medium benötigt und Hefeextrakt als einzigste Quelle von Aminosäuren und Vitaminen für sein Wachstum und seine Enzymproduktion ausreichend ist. Die 3-HPA Produktion ist in Bioethanolproduktionsrückständen 68 % höher als in einer vergleichbaren Glycerinlösung bei gleichen Bedingungen und es wird weniger Biokatalysator benötigt. Eine Kombination aus Dehydratisierung und einfacher Destillation ist geeignet, um das 3-Hydroxypropionaldehyd simultan in Acrolein umzuwandeln und aus der Biotransformationsbrühe bei 37°C abzutrennen, wodurch 105 ± 8 g/l Acrolein in Wasser mit hoher Reinheit gewonnen werden können. Die Kostenschätzung eines möglichen Prozesses hat gezeigt, dass die ermittelten Kosten des Acroleins in einer Größenordnung liegen, welche zeigt, dass der angedachte Prozess bei entsprechender Optimierung in naher Zukunft zu den Produktionskosten aus Rohölderivaten aufschließen kann. Zusammenfassend konnte gezeigt werden, dass sich eine Anlehnung an den Bioethanolprozess nutzen lässt, um die biotechnologische Produktion von 3-Hydroxypropionaldehyd/ Acrolein aus nachwachsenden Rohstoffen zu verbessern. Since fossile rescources are of limited availability, chemicals from renewable resources become more interesting for scientists and the industry. Promising platform chemicals include 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde and its anhydride acrolein. However, existing approaches are not sufficient for an economic production in industrial scale. Therefore, it was examined in this thesis how far stillage, a glycerol containing byproduct of the bioethanol production process, can be used for the 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde/ acrolein production and how far this production can be integrated into the bioethanol process according to the biorefinery concept to solve existing problems and to reduce production costs. Calculations as well as batchwise and continuous experiments were carried out in 5 ml to 2 l scale in the area of biocatalyst production, biotransformation, purification and cost estimation. The whole cell biocatalyst Lactobacillus reuteri ATCC 53608 is not able to use the yeast cells from bioethanol production residues for its growth. However, it has been shown that it does not need all the nutrients in MRS medium and yeast extract is sufficient as the only source of amino acids and vitamins for its growth and enzyme production. The 3-HPA production in bioethanol production residues is 68 % higher than in a comparable aqueous glycerol solution under the same conditions and it requires less biocatalyst. A combination of dehydration and simple distillation is suitable to convert 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde into acrolein and separate it from the biotransformation broth at 37 ° C. 105 ± 8 g/l acrolein in aqueous solution were obtained in high purity. The cost estimation of a possible process has shown that the calculated cost for acrolein can likely catch up with production costs from crude oil in the near future with appropriate optimization. Hence it was shown that basing the process on stillage from the bioethanol process can improve the biotechnological production of 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde/ acrolein from renewable resources.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ TUHH Open Research -...arrow_drop_down
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    TUHH Open Research - Research Data TUHH
    Doctoral thesis . 2013
    Data sources: Datacite
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ TUHH Open Research -...arrow_drop_down
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      TUHH Open Research - Research Data TUHH
      Doctoral thesis . 2013
      Data sources: Datacite
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Schuster, Stefanie;

    Escherichia coli was metabolically engineered for the production of next generation biofuel 1-butanol. Therefore electrotransformation was performed with artificial plasmids harbouring the butanol-synthesis genes from Clostridium acetobutylicum and Clostridium beijerinckii. So far, the functional expression of the genes was proven by demonstrating the synthesis of 1-butanol from glucose in different E. coli strains. To investigate the butanol production in acetogenic bacteria such as Clostridium ljungdahlii, the butanol-synthesis genes were cloned into the shuttle vector pIMP1. C. ljungdahlii is able to grow on synthesis gas, a mixture of CO, CO2 and H2. Synthesis gas can be easily produced and does not compete with the food industry such as conventional butanol fermentation which uses corn or sugar as substrate. Furthermore, genome sequence analysis of C. acetobutylicum revealed a gene (CAC3330) encoding a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (CYP152A2). The gene coding for CYP152A2 was amplified and expressed in E. coli. After overexpression and purification of P450 monooxygenase, it was demonstrated that this enzyme is able to catalyze the hydroxylation of fatty acids in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. The "ClosTron® Gene Knockout System" was used for the specific disruption of CAC3330, and in growth experiments, the consequences of the gene inactivation were determined.

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    https://dx.doi.org/10.18725/op...
    Doctoral thesis . 2016
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Open Access Reposito...arrow_drop_down
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.18725/op...
      Doctoral thesis . 2016
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    Authors: Marheineke, Torsten; Krewitt, Wolfram; Neubarth, Jürgen; Friedrich, Rainer; +1 Authors

    Energy and material flows caused by human activities have essential influence on human beings and the environment. These impacts should be taken into consideration in case of evaluating technologies with regard to a sustainable development. Therefore, it was goal of the project to quantify the impacts caused by different technologies of electricity and heat supply and to consider not only the process of energy transformation, but also the up- and downstream processes as fuel supply, waste disposal, the construction and dismantling of the power plant etc. The work carried out includes the development of methods for life cycle assessment, the compilation of a database, the develop-ment of an appropriate software tool for life cycle assessment and finally the assessments of various energy supply technologies itself. Besides the calculation of greenhouse gas emissions and the extraction of raw materials, results are quantified for the cumulated energy demand as well as the impact categories acidification and eutrophication of ecosystems, impacts on human health and damages on materials and plants. Finally, the monetary evaluation is used to quantify damages costs for the impact categories human health, material and plant damages, and avoidance costs für the impact categories acidification and eutrophication of ecosystems and the greenhause effect. Anthropogen umgesetzte Energie- und Stoffströme können mit wesentlichen Auswirkungen für Mensch und Umwelt verbunden sein. Um diese Auswirkungen bei der Beurteilung von Energieversorgungstechniken berücksichtigen zu können, werden in dem vorliegenden Bericht für verschiedene Techniken zur Strom- und Wärmebereitstellung die Stoff- und Energieströme über den gesamten Lebensweg quantifiziert und die aus ihnen resultierenden Auswirkungen auf Mensch und Umwelt abgeschätzt. Berücksichtigte Wirkungskategorien sind der Treibhauseffekt, die Versauerung und Eutrophierung von Böden und Gewässern, Risiken für die menschliche Gesundheit, Ressourcenverzehr, Materialschäden und die Schädigung von Nutzpflanzen.

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    Authors: Elmenhorst, Eva-Maria; Benderoth, S.; Vejvoda, M.; Wenzel, J.; +1 Authors
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    Authors: Zou, Yang;

    In polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFC), hydrated perfluorosulfonate ionomers such as NAFION are generally used as membrane materials. The high proton conductivity required for the application in the fuel cells comes from the water which acts as a carrier for protons in the swollen polymer membrane. A main disadvantage of such hydrated materials is that the upper limit of their useful temperature range is 100°C at normal pressure. However, when reformates or methanol is used as a fuel in fuel cells, temperatures above 100°C are required. Therefore, the development of new polymer electrolyte membrane materials for the application at high temperature, e.g. in the direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC), is attracting considerable interest. It has already been reported that heterocyclic aromates, such as imidazole, pyrazole and benzimidazole, show proton and solvent transport properties similar to water at a given temperature related to the corresponding melting point. However, due to their relatively low vapor pressures, these low molecular weight components will volatilize progressively as increasing temperature, which leads to a decrease of conductivity. One approach to overcome this limitation is to fix the proton carrier on the polymer backbone. 1,8-bis(dimethylamino)naphthalene has been selected as a carrier because of its well known proton sponge characteristics. Using this compound as carrier moiety in the side chain or main chain the different novel polymers were synthesized in this work. All synthesized polymers were characterized by different methods. Using proton sponge and functional polymers as base components, while p-toluene sulfonic acid and sulfonated polystyrene as acid components, both low molecular weight mixture and blends were prepared and inverstigated regarding their proton transfer, morphology and conductivity by FTIR, DSC and impedance spectroscopy. Im Bereich der Niedertemperatur-Brennstoffzellen kommt den protonenleitenden Membranmaterialien eine entscheidende Rolle zu. In kommerziellen Polymerelektrolyt-Brennstoffzellen (PEMC) werden gewöhnlich perfluorierte Sulfonationionomere wie z. B. Nafion als Membranmaterial eingesetzt. Ein Hauptnachteil dieser Materialien ist allerdings die begrenzte Temperaturstabilität der Membran. Oberhalb von 80°C verarmt die Membran an Wasser einhergehend mit dem Verlust an Protonenleitfähigkeit. Die Verwendung von z. B. Methanol anstelle von Wasserstoff als Brennstoff (DMFC) erfordert jedoch Temperaturen über 150°C. Die in der Literatur bekannten Ansätze Wasser als Protonencarrier zu ersetzen, basieren auf der Verwendung höhersiedender Heteroaromaten wie z.B. Imidazol, Pyrazol und Benzimidazol. Eine Verflüchtigung dieser Stoffe bei höherer Temperatur führt aber auch hier zur Verarmung an Ladungsträgereinheiten in der Membran. Ein Ansatz diese Limitierung zu umgehen, ist die Verwendung von festen Carriermembranen, bei denen die Carrierfunktion von funktionellen, am Polymer fixierten Strukturelementen übernommen wird. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurden Funktionspolymere mit 1,8-Bis(dimethylamino)naphthalin- Struktureinheiten, die in der Literatur als "Protonenschwammverbindung" bekannt sind, sowohl in die Hauptkette als auch in die Seitenkette synthetisiert. Diese Funktionspolymere wurden mittels verschiedener Analytikmethoden charakterisiert. Die Mischungen des als Poylmerstrukturbaustein fungierenden 1,8-Bis(dimethylamino)-naphthalins mit p-Toluolsulfonsäure wie auch die Ionomerblends aus Funktionspolymer bzw. sulfonierten Polystyrol und niedermolekularen Komponenten wurden hergestellt und hinsichtlich ihrer Protonentransfer, Morphologie und Leitfähigkeit mittels FTIR-Spektroskopie, differentieller Wärmeflußkalorimetrie und Impedanzspektroskopie untersucht.

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    https://dx.doi.org/10.18419/op...
    Doctoral thesis . 2002
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.18419/op...
      Doctoral thesis . 2002
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    Authors: Oehmke, Sebastian;

    Da fossile Quellen endlich sind, werden Chemikalien aus nachwachsenden Rohstoffen immer interessanter für die Forschung und Industrie. Zu den vielversprechenden Plattformchemikalien gehört das Stoffpaar 3-Hydroxypropionaldehyd/ Acrolein. Jedoch sind bisherige Ansätze für eine wirtschaftliche Produktion von 3-Hydroxypropionaldehyd/ Acrolein im industriellen Maßstab nicht ausreichend. Deshalb wurde in dieser Arbeit geprüft, inwieweit sich Schlempe, ein glycerinhaltiges Nebenprodukt der Bioethanolherstellung, zur 3-Hydroxypropionaldehyd/ Acrolein Produktion nutzen lässt und inwieweit diese Produktion in den Bioethanolprozess im Sinne des Bioraffineriekonzeptes integriert werden kann, um bestehende Probleme zu lösen und Produktionskosten zu reduzieren. Dazu wurden ansatzweise und kontinuierliche Versuche im 5 ml bis 2 l Maßstab sowie Berechnungen in den Bereichen Biokatalysatorproduktion, Biotransformation, Aufreinigung und Kostenschätzung durchgeführt. Der Ganzzellbiokatalysator Lactobacillus reuteri ATCC 53608 ist nicht in der Lage die Hefezellen aus Bioethanolproduktionsrückständen für sein Wachstum zu nutzen, jedoch hat sich gezeigt, dass er nicht alle Nährstoffe im MRS Medium benötigt und Hefeextrakt als einzigste Quelle von Aminosäuren und Vitaminen für sein Wachstum und seine Enzymproduktion ausreichend ist. Die 3-HPA Produktion ist in Bioethanolproduktionsrückständen 68 % höher als in einer vergleichbaren Glycerinlösung bei gleichen Bedingungen und es wird weniger Biokatalysator benötigt. Eine Kombination aus Dehydratisierung und einfacher Destillation ist geeignet, um das 3-Hydroxypropionaldehyd simultan in Acrolein umzuwandeln und aus der Biotransformationsbrühe bei 37°C abzutrennen, wodurch 105 ± 8 g/l Acrolein in Wasser mit hoher Reinheit gewonnen werden können. Die Kostenschätzung eines möglichen Prozesses hat gezeigt, dass die ermittelten Kosten des Acroleins in einer Größenordnung liegen, welche zeigt, dass der angedachte Prozess bei entsprechender Optimierung in naher Zukunft zu den Produktionskosten aus Rohölderivaten aufschließen kann. Zusammenfassend konnte gezeigt werden, dass sich eine Anlehnung an den Bioethanolprozess nutzen lässt, um die biotechnologische Produktion von 3-Hydroxypropionaldehyd/ Acrolein aus nachwachsenden Rohstoffen zu verbessern. Since fossile rescources are of limited availability, chemicals from renewable resources become more interesting for scientists and the industry. Promising platform chemicals include 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde and its anhydride acrolein. However, existing approaches are not sufficient for an economic production in industrial scale. Therefore, it was examined in this thesis how far stillage, a glycerol containing byproduct of the bioethanol production process, can be used for the 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde/ acrolein production and how far this production can be integrated into the bioethanol process according to the biorefinery concept to solve existing problems and to reduce production costs. Calculations as well as batchwise and continuous experiments were carried out in 5 ml to 2 l scale in the area of biocatalyst production, biotransformation, purification and cost estimation. The whole cell biocatalyst Lactobacillus reuteri ATCC 53608 is not able to use the yeast cells from bioethanol production residues for its growth. However, it has been shown that it does not need all the nutrients in MRS medium and yeast extract is sufficient as the only source of amino acids and vitamins for its growth and enzyme production. The 3-HPA production in bioethanol production residues is 68 % higher than in a comparable aqueous glycerol solution under the same conditions and it requires less biocatalyst. A combination of dehydration and simple distillation is suitable to convert 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde into acrolein and separate it from the biotransformation broth at 37 ° C. 105 ± 8 g/l acrolein in aqueous solution were obtained in high purity. The cost estimation of a possible process has shown that the calculated cost for acrolein can likely catch up with production costs from crude oil in the near future with appropriate optimization. Hence it was shown that basing the process on stillage from the bioethanol process can improve the biotechnological production of 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde/ acrolein from renewable resources.

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    TUHH Open Research - Research Data TUHH
    Doctoral thesis . 2013
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      TUHH Open Research - Research Data TUHH
      Doctoral thesis . 2013
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    Authors: Schuster, Stefanie;

    Escherichia coli was metabolically engineered for the production of next generation biofuel 1-butanol. Therefore electrotransformation was performed with artificial plasmids harbouring the butanol-synthesis genes from Clostridium acetobutylicum and Clostridium beijerinckii. So far, the functional expression of the genes was proven by demonstrating the synthesis of 1-butanol from glucose in different E. coli strains. To investigate the butanol production in acetogenic bacteria such as Clostridium ljungdahlii, the butanol-synthesis genes were cloned into the shuttle vector pIMP1. C. ljungdahlii is able to grow on synthesis gas, a mixture of CO, CO2 and H2. Synthesis gas can be easily produced and does not compete with the food industry such as conventional butanol fermentation which uses corn or sugar as substrate. Furthermore, genome sequence analysis of C. acetobutylicum revealed a gene (CAC3330) encoding a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (CYP152A2). The gene coding for CYP152A2 was amplified and expressed in E. coli. After overexpression and purification of P450 monooxygenase, it was demonstrated that this enzyme is able to catalyze the hydroxylation of fatty acids in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. The "ClosTron® Gene Knockout System" was used for the specific disruption of CAC3330, and in growth experiments, the consequences of the gene inactivation were determined.

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    https://dx.doi.org/10.18725/op...
    Doctoral thesis . 2016
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.18725/op...
      Doctoral thesis . 2016
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    Authors: Marheineke, Torsten; Krewitt, Wolfram; Neubarth, Jürgen; Friedrich, Rainer; +1 Authors

    Energy and material flows caused by human activities have essential influence on human beings and the environment. These impacts should be taken into consideration in case of evaluating technologies with regard to a sustainable development. Therefore, it was goal of the project to quantify the impacts caused by different technologies of electricity and heat supply and to consider not only the process of energy transformation, but also the up- and downstream processes as fuel supply, waste disposal, the construction and dismantling of the power plant etc. The work carried out includes the development of methods for life cycle assessment, the compilation of a database, the develop-ment of an appropriate software tool for life cycle assessment and finally the assessments of various energy supply technologies itself. Besides the calculation of greenhouse gas emissions and the extraction of raw materials, results are quantified for the cumulated energy demand as well as the impact categories acidification and eutrophication of ecosystems, impacts on human health and damages on materials and plants. Finally, the monetary evaluation is used to quantify damages costs for the impact categories human health, material and plant damages, and avoidance costs für the impact categories acidification and eutrophication of ecosystems and the greenhause effect. Anthropogen umgesetzte Energie- und Stoffströme können mit wesentlichen Auswirkungen für Mensch und Umwelt verbunden sein. Um diese Auswirkungen bei der Beurteilung von Energieversorgungstechniken berücksichtigen zu können, werden in dem vorliegenden Bericht für verschiedene Techniken zur Strom- und Wärmebereitstellung die Stoff- und Energieströme über den gesamten Lebensweg quantifiziert und die aus ihnen resultierenden Auswirkungen auf Mensch und Umwelt abgeschätzt. Berücksichtigte Wirkungskategorien sind der Treibhauseffekt, die Versauerung und Eutrophierung von Böden und Gewässern, Risiken für die menschliche Gesundheit, Ressourcenverzehr, Materialschäden und die Schädigung von Nutzpflanzen.

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    Authors: Elmenhorst, Eva-Maria; Benderoth, S.; Vejvoda, M.; Wenzel, J.; +1 Authors
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