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  • 1. No poverty
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  • Authors: Craig Kennedy; John Glenn; Natalie La Balme; Pierangelo Isernia; +2 Authors

    The aim of this study was to identify the attitudes of the public in the United States and in 12 European countries towards foreign policy issues and transatlantic issues. The survey concentrated on issues such as: United States and European Union (EU) leadership and relations, favorability towards certain countries, institutions and people, security, cooperation and the perception of threat including issues of concern with Afghanistan, Iran, and Russia, energy dependence, economic downturn, and global warming, Turkey and Turkish accession to the EU, promotion of democracy in other countries, and the importance of economic versus military power. Several questions asked of respondents pertained to voting and politics including whether they discussed political matters with friends and whether they attempted to persuade others close to them to share their views on politics which they held strong opinions about, vote intention, their assessment of the current United States President and upcoming presidential election, political party attachment, and left-right political self-placement. Demographic and other background information includes age, gender, race, ethnicity, religious affiliation and participation, age when stopped full-time education and stage at which full-time education completed, occupation, number of people aged 18 years and older living in the household, type of locality, region of residence, prior travel to the United States or Europe, and language of interview. computer-assisted personal interview (CAPI); computer-assisted telephone interview (CATI); paper and pencil interview (PAPI)The original data collection was carried out by TNS, Fait et Opinion -- Brussels on request of the German Marshall Fund of the United States.The codebook and setup files for this collection contain characters with diacritical marks used in many European languages.A split ballot was used for one or more questions in this survey. The variable SPLIT defines the separate groups.For data collection, the computer-assisted face-to-face interview was used in Poland, the paper and pencil interview was used in Bulgaria, Romania, Slovakia and Turkey, and the computer-assisted telephone interview was used in all other countries.Additional information on the Transatlantic Trends Survey is provided on the Transatlantic Trends Web site. (1) Multistage random sampling was implemented in the countries using face-to-face interviewing. Sampling points were selected according to region, and then random routes were conducted within these sampling points. Four callbacks were used for each address. The birthday rule was used to randomly select respondents within a household. (2) Random Digit Dialing was implemented in the countries using telephone interviewing. Eight callbacks were used for each telephone number. The birthday rule was used to randomly select respondents within a household. The adult population aged 18 years and over in 13 countries: Bulgaria, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Spain, Turkey, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Smallest Geographic Unit: country Response Rates: The total response rate for all countries surveyed is 23 percent. Please refer to the "Technical Note" in the ICPSR codebook for additional information about response rate. Please refer to the "Technical Note" in the ICPSR codebook for further information about weighting. Datasets: DS1: Transatlantic Trends Survey, 2008

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    Authors: Uckert, Götz; Hoffmann, Harry; Fasse, Anja; Gervas, Ewald Emil;

    We provide a dataset from a household survey in Mpanda region in Western Tanzania (N = 137) that was conducted in 2011. Household heads (or replacements) were interviewed. The topics addressed covered a broad range of socio-economic data and including, among others, household information (number of household members, age, sex, religion etc.), agricultural production (e.g. crops produced and livestock owned) including number and size of plots, income generation, energy access and owned assets.

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    https://dx.doi.org/10.4228/zal...
    Dataset . 2019
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Datacite
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.4228/zal...
      Dataset . 2019
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Datacite
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    Authors: orcid Gütschow, Johannes;
    Gütschow, Johannes
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Gütschow, Johannes in OpenAIRE

    The PRIMAP-hist Socio-Eco dataset combines several published datasets to create a comprehensive set of population and Gross domestic product (GDP) pathways for every country covering the years 1850 to 2017, and all UNFCCC (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change) member states, as well as most non-UNFCCC territories. The data has no sector resolution. List of datasets included in this data publication: (1) PMHSOCIOECO21_GDP_26-Jul-2019.csv: contains the GDP data for all countries(2) PMHSOCIOECO21_Population_26-Jul-2019.csv: contains the population data for all countries(3) PRIMAP-hist_SocioEco_data_description.pdf: including CHANGELOG(all files are also included in the .zip folder) When using this dataset or one of its updates, please cite the DOI of the precise version of the dataset. Please consider also citing the relevant original sources when using the PRIMAP-hist Socio-Eco dataset. See the full citations in the References section further below. A data description article is in preparation. Until it is published we refer to the description article of the PRIMAP-hist emissions time series for the methodology used. SOURCES: - UN World Population Prospects 2019 (UN2019)- World Bank World Development Indicators 2019 (July) (WDI2019B). We use the *NY.GDP.MKTP.PP.KD* variable for GDP.- Penn World Table version 9.1 (PWT91). We use the *cgdpe* variable for GDP (Robert and Feenstra, 2019; Feenstra et al., 2015)- Maddison Project Database 2018 (MPD2018). We use the *cgdppc* variable for GDP (Bolt et al,, 2018)- Anthropogenic land use estimates for the Holocene – HYDE 3.2 (HYDE32)(Klein Goldewijk, 2017)- Continuous national gross domestic product (GDP) time series for 195 countries: past observations (1850–2005) harmonized with future projections according to the Shared Socio-economic Pathways (2006–2100) (Geiger2018, Geiger and Frieler, 2018)Full references are available in the data description document. Methods:Country resolved data is combined from different sources using the PRIMAP emissions module (Nabel et. al., 2011). It is supplemented with growth rates from regionally resolved sources and numerical extrapolations.

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    GFZ Data Services
    Dataset . 2019
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Datacite
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    B2FIND
    Dataset . 2019
    Data sources: B2FIND
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      GFZ Data Services
      Dataset . 2019
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Datacite
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      B2FIND
      Dataset . 2019
      Data sources: B2FIND
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    Authors: Matias, Denise Margaret; Fernández, Raúl; Hutfils, Marie-Lena; Winges, Maik;

    In the face of increasingly frequent extreme weather events, the need to manage climate risk becomes more urgent, especially for the most vulnerable countries and communities. With the aim of reducing vulnerability, climate risk transfer in the form of climate risk insurance (CRI) has been gaining attention in climate policy discussions. When properly designed, CRI acts as a safety net against climate change impacts by providing financial support after an extreme weather event. Two main types of insurance enable payouts: indemnity (traditional) insurance or predefined parameters (index-based) insurance. Individuals, groups, or even governments may take out policies with either type of insurance and receive payouts directly (insurer to beneficiary payout) or indirectly (insurer to aggregator to beneficiary payout). Direct insurance is usually implemented at the micro-level with individual policyholders. Indirect insurance is usually implemented through group contracts at the meso-level through risk aggregators and at the macro-level through the state. While promising, risk transfer in the form of CRI also has its share of challenges. Within the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, the lack of accessibility and affordability of CRI for poor and vulnerable groups have been identified as barriers to uptake. In light of climate justice, asking the poor and climate-vulnerable groups - most of whom do not contribute substantially to anthropogenic climate change - to solely carry the financial burden of risk transfer is anything but just. Employing a human rights-based approach to CRI may ensure that the resilience of poor and climate-vulnerable groups is enhanced in a climate-just manner. Indigenous peoples are some of the poorest and most climate vulnerable groups. Often marginalised, they rarely have access to social protection. The strong communal relationship of indigenous peoples facilitates their participation in community-based organisations (CBOs). CBOs are a suitable vehicle for meso-insurance, in which risk is aggregated and an insurance policy belongs to a group. In this way, CBOs can facilitate service provision that would otherwise be beyond the reach of individuals. Conclusions of this briefing paper draw on a conceptual analysis of meso-insurance and the results of field research conducted in March 2018 with indigenous Palaw’ans in the Philippines. We find that CRI needs to be attuned to the differential vulnerabilities and capacities of its beneficiaries. This is particularly true for poor and vulnerable people, for whom issues of accessibility and affordability need to be managed, and human rights and pro-poor approaches need to be ensured. In this context, meso-insurance is a promising approach when it provides accessibility and affordability and promotes a pro-poor and human rights-based approach of risk transfer by: Properly identifying and involving target beneficiaries and duty-bearers by employing pro-poor and human rights principles. Employing measures to improve the financial literacy of target beneficiaries. Designing insurance models from the bottom up. Briefing Paper

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    EconStor
    Report . 2018
    Data sources: EconStor
    https://dx.doi.org/10.23661/bp...
    Other literature type . 2018
    Data sources: Datacite
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      EconStor
      Report . 2018
      Data sources: EconStor
      https://dx.doi.org/10.23661/bp...
      Other literature type . 2018
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    Authors: Beermann, Sandra; Dobler, Gerhard; orcid Faber, Mirko;
    Faber, Mirko
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Faber, Mirko in OpenAIRE
    orcid Frank, Christina;
    Frank, Christina
    ORCID
    Harvested from ORCID Public Data File

    Frank, Christina in OpenAIRE
    +11 Authors

    Endemic and imported vector- and rodent-borne infectious agents can be linked to high morbidity and mortality. Therefore, vector- and rodent-borne human diseases and the effects of climate change are important public health issues.For this review, the relevant literature was identified and evaluated according to the thematic aspects and supplemented with an analysis of surveillance data for Germany.Factors such as increasing temperatures, changing precipitation patterns, and human behaviour may influence the epidemiology of vector- and rodent-borne infectious diseases in Germany.The effects of climatic changes on the spread of vector- and rodent-borne infectious diseases need to be further studied in detail and considered in the context of climate adaptation measures.

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    Journal of Health Monitoring
    Article . 2023
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      Journal of Health Monitoring
      Article . 2023
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  • Authors: Pegels, Anna; Heyer, Stefanie; Ohlig, David; Kurz, Felix; +2 Authors

    Due to the prevailing economic crisis, Argentina has been facing a growing number of informal workers, many of them urban recyclers. Following the Covid-19 pandemic and the associated decline in formal employment, this number can be expected to rise even further. Increased recycling activity is, in principle, a positive development. However, the working conditions of urban recyclers often do not correspond to the ILO definition of “decent work”. It is therefore important to ask how the recycling system in Argentina can be shaped to be socially sustainable, as well as environmentally and economically sustainable. Based on qualitative stakeholder interviews, our research aimed to collect and synthesise the ideas and expectations of a diverse set of actors in the recycling sector of Buenos Aires City and selected municipalities of Buenos Aires Province. This enabled us to identify four key areas of dispute and potential action. First, work in urban recycling is a form of social safety net in Argentina, as in many countries with persistent poverty. This can lead to a trade-off between maintaining the social function of the sector and subjecting it to the kinds of efficiency requirements placed on other sectors. Given the inherent power asymmetries between large companies and individual urban recyclers, the latter may be crowded out once the sector becomes profitable. Second, it is important to avoid viewing urban recyclers as recipients of charity. By re-introducing materials into the resource cycle and reducing pressure on landfills, they create positive externalities and offer a valuable service to society. Paying urban recyclers for the service component of their work in addition to the value of the raw materials collected would constitute a significant step towards ensuring both decent incomes and broad social recognition of the workers’ value. Third, the knowledge and experience gathered by urban recyclers holds great potential for grassroots innovations, such as making productive use of materials that do not currently have a market. With the cooperation of other actors, such as universities, and the provision of resources and support via the removal of red tape, these innovators could more easily employ their ideas to the benefit of society. Fourth, as a cross-cutting issue, all solutions aimed at unlocking the potential of urban recycling for a transition of the waste sector towards economic, ecological and social sustainability require a careful navigation of the political economy dimension. Constellations of interests have led to incentives that are, in many cases, not conducive to economic efficiency and bind resources that could otherwise be used to improve recycling schemes. Reform of these incentives requires a careful analysis of power constellations and potential change coalitions. Discussion Paper

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    Authors: Grävingholt, Jörn; Faust, Jörg; Libman, Alexander; Richter, Solveig; +2 Authors

    IDOS Policy Brief

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    https://dx.doi.org/10.23661/ip...
    Other literature type . 2023
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Datacite
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      Other literature type . 2023
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    Authors: Meinen, Annika; Tomczyk, Sara; Wiegand, Flora Noelle; Abu Sin, Muna; +2 Authors

    Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) is one of the top ten global public health threats facing humanity, alongside climate change. Here, we aim to summarise the effects of climate change (i.e. raise of temperature, change in humidity or precipitation) on spread of antibiotic resistance and on infections with antibiotic-resistant bacteria in Germany.We conducted a literature search with articles published between January 2012 and July 2022. Two authors screened titles, abstracts and full texts and extracted the data systematically.From originally 2,389 titles, we identified six studies, which met our inclusion criteria. These studies show that an increase in temperature may lead to higher antibiotic resistance rates and an increased risk of colonisation as well as spread of pathogens. Furthermore, the number of healthcare-associated infections increases with increased temperature. Data indicate that higher antibiotic use is present in areas with warmer mean temperature.European data are scarce, but all studies identified point towards an increasing AMR burden due to climate change. However, further studies are needed to draw attention to the links between climatic factors and AMR and develop targeted preventive measures.

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    Journal of Health Monitoring
    Article . 2023
    Data sources: DOAJ
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    https://dx.doi.org/10.25646/11...
    Article . 2023
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Datacite
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      Journal of Health Monitoring
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.25646/11...
      Article . 2023
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    Authors: Sert, Özlem;

    This paper investigates the environmental conditions of nineteenth-century Istanbul’s healthscape. A hydroclimate June/July reconstruction of the Old World Drought Atlas (OWDA) shows the city repeatedly suffered from hot and arid summers throughout the century. Excessive heat produced swamps. Vector-borne diseases and waterborne diseases increased. Because of water scarcity and soaring temperatures, sanitary conditions deteriorated. Animals suffered and perished, the workforce declined, transportation costs increased, and living costs became extravagant. In particular, high firewood prices and water scarcity especially increased the costs of public baths. Climate change had destructive effects on the city’s early industrial period. The following text presents the long-term, cumulative stress on living beings and highlights how excessive summer temperatures affected the landscape and economy of nineteenth-century Istanbul.

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    Authors: Stange, G.; orcid Pagogna, R.;
    Pagogna, R.
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    Sterly, H.; orcid Sakdapolrak, P.;
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    In the debates over environmental impacts on migration, migration as adaptation has been acknowledged as a potential risk management strategy based on risk spreading and mutual insurance of people living spatially apart: migrants and family members that are left behind stay connected through a combination of financial and social remittances, joint decision-making and mutual commitment. Conceptualizing migration as adaptation through the lens of translocal livelihood systems enables us to identify the differentiated vulnerabilities of households and communities. COVID-19 and the restrictions on public life and mobility imposed by governments worldwide constituted a complex set of challenges for translocal systems and strategies, especially in the Global South. Focusing on examples, we highlight two points: first, the COVID-19 crisis shows the limits of migration and translocal livelihoods for coping with, and adapting to, climate and environmental risks. Second, as these restrictions hit on a systemic level and affect places of destination as well as origin, the crisis reveals specific vulnerabilities of the translocal livelihood systems themselves. Based on the translocal livelihoods approach, we formulate insights and recommendations for policies that move beyond the narrow, short-term focus on the support of migrant populations alone and address the longer-term root causes of the vulnerabilities in translocal livelihoods systems. Advances in Southeast Asian Studies, Vol. 16 No. 1 (2023): The COVID-19 Pandemic, (Im)Mobilities, and Migration in Southeast Asia

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    https://dx.doi.org/10.14764/10...
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