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Research data keyboard_double_arrow_right Dataset 2016Publisher:RWI – Leibniz Institute for Economic Research Frondel, Manuel; Vance, Colin; Andor, Mark; Kussel, Gerhard; Schmidt, Christoph M.; Osberghaus, Daniel; RWI; Forsa;Mit einem Anteil von rund 30% am Endenergieverbrauch und etwa 20% an den CO2-Emissionen haben private Haushalte in Deutschland einen großen Einfluss auf die Umwelt. Gleichzeitig sind private Haushalte ein zentraler Adressat für politische Interventionen zur Bekämpfung des Klimawandels. Vor diesem Hintergrund hat die Politik zahlreiche Maßnahmen zur Verringerung des Energiekonsums und zur Förderung regenerativer Energietechnologien ergriffen. Diese politischen Maßnahmen bedürfen einer sorgfältigen Evaluierung ihrer Effektivität und Kosteneffizienz, um kostspielige Redundanzen durch sich überlappende Instrumente zu vermeiden. Eine solche Evaluation umwelt- und energiepolitischer Maßnahmen erfordert eine umfangreiche Datenbasis. Besonders im Bereich der privaten Haushalte waren solche Daten in Deutschland bislang nicht verfügbar. Die Reagibilität deutscher Haushalte auf Maßnahmen zur Bekämpfung des Klimawandels war daher weitgehend unbekannt. Das Sozial-Ökologische Panel stellt zu diesem Zweck umfangreiche, frei verfügbare Informationen zum Energieverbrauch und Umweltverhalten privater Haushalte bereit. Die Befragung wurde in vier Wellen durchgeführt. Es liegen Daten für die Jahre 2012, 2013, 2014 und 2015 vor. Diese Daten können anhand einer ID aneinander gespielt werden. Darauf aufbauend können ökonometrische Schätzungen und Analysen verschiedener Präferenzindikatoren sowie des Anpassungsverhaltens privater Haushalte an den Klimawandel durchgeführt werden. Dieser Datensatz umfasst die Daten der Erhebung im Jahr 2012. With a share of 30% in total final energy consumption and around 20% in CO2 emissions, private households in Germany strongly affect the environment. At the same time private households are an important target group for policy interventions to fight climate change. Against this background, numerous policy measures that intend to decrease energy consumption and to support renewable energy technologies have been introduced. These policy measures call for accurate evaluation to avoid expensive redundancies due to overlapping policy instruments. The evaluation of energy and environmental policy measures requires comprehensive and reliable data. So far such data was unavailable in Germany, especially in the context of private households. Hence, the responsiveness of German households to climate protection policies was unknown. For this purpose, the Socio-Ecological Panel offers rich information on household’s energy consumption and environmental behavior. The data was gathered in four household surveys conducted in 2012, 2013, 2014 and 2015. The survey waves can be merged using the household ID. The data builds the basis for empirical analyses of households’ adaptation to climate change and the evaluation of environmental and climate policy measures. This data set comprises the information gathered in the 2012 survey wave and is labelled in German. It is available in German and English. Offline Rekrutierung für das repräsentative forsa omninet panel Selbst ausgefüllter Fragebogen Self-completed questionnaire 10.000 deutsche Haushalte Green-SÖP Green-SÖP
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Doctoral thesis 2022 GermanyPublisher:Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Authors: Boer, Lukas;Diese Dissertation beantwortet verschiedene politikrelevante ökonomische Fragen in den Bereichen Handelspolitik, Geldpolitik, sowie Rohstoffmärkte und Energieökonomik mit Hilfe von strukturellen Vektorautoregressionsmodellen (SVAR). SVARs stellen eine effektive Möglichkeit dar, die Beziehungen zwischen verschiedenen makroökonomischen und/oder Finanzmarkt-Variablen zu modellieren und werden verwendet, um die dynamischen kausalen Effekte von ökonomischen Schocks zu schätzen. Für jede ökonomische Fragestellung wird eine Identifikationsstrategie angewandt, die auf die betrachteten Daten und ihre statistischen Eigenschaften sowie die zugrundeliegenden Annahmen über ökonomische Mechanismen zwischen den betrachteten Zeitreihen zugeschnitten ist. Im Einzelnen besteht diese Dissertation aus vier Kapiteln. In den ersten beiden Kapiteln werden die Auswirkungen von Handelspolitik auf Finanzmärkte und auf die Makroökonomie geschätzt. Das dritte Kapitel liefert einen methodischen Beitrag zur SVAR-Literatur, der in einer Anwendung zu den Effekten von Geldpolitik dargestellt wird. Das letzte Kapitel verlässt die Felder der Handels- und Geldpolitik und wendet sich Rohstoffmärkten und der Energiewirtschaft zu, stützt sich dabei aber ebenfalls auf Zeitreihenmethoden. Es analysiert die Rolle von Metallen in der Energiewende. This dissertation answers various policy relevant economic questions in the fields of trade policy, monetary policy, and commodity markets and energy economics using structural vector autoregression (SVAR) models. SVARs constitute a parsimonious way to model the relations between different macroeconomic and/or financial variables and they are used to estimate the dynamic causal effects of economic shocks. For each economic question, this dissertation applies an identification strategy that is tailored to the relevant data and its statistical properties as well as the underlying assumptions about economic mechanisms among the regarded time series. Specifically, this dissertation consists of four chapters. The first two chapters estimate the effects of trade policy on financial markets and on the macroeconomy. The third chapter makes a methodological contribution to the SVAR literature in an application to monetary policy shocks. The final chapter moves away from trade and monetary policy to commodity markets and energy economics but also relies on time series methods. It analyzes the role of metals for the clean energy transition.
Publikationsserver d... arrow_drop_down Publikationsserver der Humboldt-Universität zu BerlinDoctoral thesis . 2022Data sources: Publikationsserver der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlinadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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visibility 117visibility views 117 download downloads 119 Powered bymore_vert Publikationsserver d... arrow_drop_down Publikationsserver der Humboldt-Universität zu BerlinDoctoral thesis . 2022Data sources: Publikationsserver der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlinadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Doctoral thesis , Thesis 2008Embargo end date: 20 Jun 2008 GermanyPublisher:Universität Stuttgart Authors: Kruck, Christoph;doi: 10.18419/opus-1768
Die Stromerzeugung aus Windenergie hat in den vergangenen Jahren, insbesondere unterstützt durch das Erneuerbare-Energien-Gesetz (EEG), stark zugenommen und belief sich im Jahr 2006 auf einen Anteil von rund 4,8 % an der Bruttostromerzeugung. Aufgrund des fluktuierenden Charakters der Windstromerzeugung ist die Integration und Einspeisung dieses Anteils in das Netz der öffentlichen Versorgung bereits heute mit teilweise erheblichen Problemen verbunden. Diese werden sich in Zukunft weiter verstärken, wenn der geplante Einstieg in die Offshore-Windenergienutzung wie geplant stattfindet und in den kommenden Jahren einige GW Leistung Offshore installiert werden. Grundsätzlich bieten sich zwei Lösungsansätze für die angesprochene Problematik an, die sich gegenseitig ergänzen: Zum einen können durch exaktere Prognoseverfahren die zu erwartenden Windstrommengen besser vorhergesagt und damit zugleich die Fahrpläne der konventionellen (Schatten-)Kraftwerke genauer erstellt werden. Der Bedarf an Ausgleichsenergie wird durch dieses Verfahren minimiert. Im Fall von Windflauten muss jedoch die gesamte nachgefragte Leistung durch konventionelle Kraftwerke bereitgestellt werden. Zum anderen kann durch den Einsatz von Speicherkraftwerken eine zeitliche Entkopplung von Energieangebot und –bedarf realisiert werden, indem in Zeiten hohen Windenergieangebots ein Teil des Windstroms zwischengespeichert wird und umgekehrt in Windflauten das Speicherkraftwerk die Strombereitstellung übernimmt. Mit Hilfe dieses Verfahrens erfolgt dementsprechend eine Anpassung des Angebots an die Nachfrage. Die vorliegende Arbeit konzentriert sich auf den zweiten Ansatz und entwickelt ein Simulationsmodell, mit dessen Hilfe ein Windpark-Speicher-System abgebildet und eine Vergleichmäßigung des Windstroms durch Integration verschiedener Speichertechnologen (diabates/adiabates Druckluft-Speicherkraftwerk, Pumpspeicherkraftwerk) simuliert wird. Ziel der Vergleichmäßigung ist die kontinuierliche Bereitstellung einer garantierten Leistung. Die verbleibenden Fluktuationen werden durch einen Abgleich mit der Nachfrageseite in Form der Netzlast berücksichtigt. Für unterschiedliche Systemvarianten werden sowohl die Stromgestehungskosten als auch die spezifischen CO2-Emissionen berechnet, um auf dieser Basis einen Vergleich der einzelnen Systeme zu ermöglichen. Grundlegende Parameter wie beispielsweise die energetische Speicherkapazität, die spezifischen Investitionskosten der Windenergieanlagen und des Speicherkraftwerks oder auch die Bezugskosten für Ausgleichsenergie werden anschließend in Form von Sensitivitätsanalysen und Parametervariation detailliert untersucht. Auf diese Weise können die unter konstant gesetzten Parametern gewonnenen Ergebnisse bestätigt bzw. kritisch hinterfragt werden, wobei insbesondere der Einfluss der verschiedenen Eingangsgrößen auf die Stromgestehungskosten im Detail analysiert wird. In der Folge werden vielversprechende Systemkonfigurationen unter dem Zielkriterium möglichst geringer Stromgestehungskosten identifiziert. Zudem wird geprüft, welche Anforderungen an die Kostenentwicklung speziell von Druckluft-Speicherkraftwerken zu stellen sind, um mit einem konventionellen Vergleichssystem konkurrenzfähig zu werden. Power generation from wind energy has increased significantly in the past years reaching 4.8 % of the gross power generation. This development was especially promoted by the re-newable energy law (Erneuerbares-Energien-Gesetz). The integration and feed-in of this power into the grid is associated with considerable problems as the wind power generation is characterised by its fluctuating nature. These diffi-culties will grow and accelerate if the planned wind parks in the North or Baltic Sea with some GW power are realised in the following years. In principle there are two methods of resolution for this kind of problem which com-plement one another: On the one hand it’s possible to develop better forecasting models in order to forecast the wind power generation more accurately. By this means also the operation of the conventional power plants can be planned more accurately. In the consequence the de-mand for balancing power is minimized. Nevertheless it’s inevitable to provide the total sum of demanded power in times of wind calms by conventional power plants. Concerning the second method the operation of storage facilities is involved in the system in order to realise a temporal decoupling of energy supply and demand. In times with high wind power generation the storage unit is filled and vice versa in wind calms the storage facility is able to provide power. Thus the supply side is adapted to the demand side. The following thesis focuses on the second method. A tool is developed, simulating the operation of a windpark-storage system, in order to equalise the wind power generation by the help of different storage technologies (diabatic/adiabatic compressed air energy storage, pumped hydro). The equalisation aims at the continuous supply of a guaranteed power. Re-maining fluctuations of wind power are considered by a comparison of demand and supply side, whereas the demand side is represented by the system load. The costs of generating electricity as well as the specific CO2-emissions are calculated for different configurations resulting in a comparison of the different systems. Following fun-damental parameters as the energy storage capacity, the specific investment costs of the wind power plants and the storage facility or the price of balancing power are examined in detail by the help of a sensitivity analysis. In so doing it is possible to confirm or to question the results calculated with fixed parameters. In this context especially the influence of different parame-ters on the costs of generating electricity is analysed. Finally promising system configurations with the aim of reducing the costs of generat-ing electricity are identified. Moreover the requirements concerning the reduction of invest-ment costs especially of compressed air energy storage systems in order to achieve competi-tiveness with a conventional system are examined.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Doctoral thesis , Other literature type , Thesis 2014Embargo end date: 28 Mar 2014 GermanyPublisher:Universität Stuttgart Authors: Fischmann, Christian;The companies of the photovoltaic industry have experienced considerable growth in recent years. And further growth is forecasted for the coming years. By now, nearly two million single photovoltaic (PV) installations generate electricity from sunlight around the world. Thereby, the wafer-based PV products have a market share of about 80-85%. The interim shortage of silicon and the increasing cost pressure in the market give rise to ever thinner and larger wafers. Thus, the "PV Roadmap for Crystalline Silicon" of the German cell producers expects an average wafer thickness of 100 µm until 2020 and the next generation of wafer thickness in 2015. This trend brings about new challenges for the PV industry: due to the manual and automated handling in the manufacturing the silicon-based wafers are exposed to mechanical stress. If the wafers, however, become ever thinner they lose their mechanical stability and might form cracks when exposed to huge forces during the handling.These cracks, however, cause a higher breakage rate and are one of the main reasons for breakdowns of the finished modules. The damage-free handling of the very fragile silicon wafers will gain in importance due to the expected increase in the throughput. Therefore, the handling systems and components must not only handle the sensitive substrates as gently as possible but also with high speed and precision in the µm range. For this purpose, new adjusted handling components are required. This thesis aims at making a contribution to the optimal selection of handling components for the photovoltaic industry. The primary target is the development of an objective and vendor-independent evaluation procedure for grippers especially used in the cell and module manufacturing. The procedure to be developed should be suitable for cell, equipment and machine manufacturers as well as for component suppliers. Furthermore, the procedure should be applicable to identical and variable grippingprinciples. The result of the method should be the optimal decision guidance for the user and should enable an adequate and neutral classification of the tested gripper. Der enorme Ausbau der Produktionskapazitäten der Photovoltaik-Industrie in den vergangenen Jahren hat auch die Anforderungen an den Maschinen- und Anlagenbau erhöht. Die Automatisierung in der Fertigung von Solarzellen spielt dabei zur Sicherung von Qualität und Ausbeute und somit auch für die Kostenreduktion eine entscheidende Rolle. Die sich erhöhenden Materialtransportintensitäten zwischen den einzelnen Prozessschritten stellen dabei eine nicht zu vernachlässigende Herausforderung dar: Die zunehmend dünneren und fragilen Substrate bei verkürzten Zykluszeiten bringen insbesondere die Handhabung an deren physikalische Grenzen. Vor diesem Hintergrund gewinnt eine Bewertung der Leistungsfähigkeit von Handhabungskomponenten verstärkt an Bedeutung. Die Ausgangssituation zeigt, dass in der Zellfertigung aktueller Fertigungslinien insbesondere die greiferbasierte Handhabung mit Pick-and-Place-Charakter bereits parallel eingesetzt wird, um den hohen Durchsätzen gerecht zuwerden. Hierbei muss der Aufnahme- und Ablagevorgang so schnell und schädigungsarm durchgeführt werden, dass sowohl der geforderte Durchsatz, wie auch die erforderliche Qualität erreicht werden können. Durch diese Randbedingungen sind neue und erhöhte Anforderungen an die Greiferauswahl und die optimale Parametereinstellung des eingesetzten Greifers zu stellen. Die vorliegende Arbeit beschreibt ein neues, angepassten Verfahren für die Leistungsbewertung von Greifern für Silizium-Wafer. Im Vordergrund steht die Entwicklung eines objektiven und herstellerunabhängigen Bewertungsverfahrens für Greifer, die insbesonders in der Zell- und Modulfertigung eingesetzt werden. Das zu entwickelnde Verfahren kann sowohl von Zellherstellern, Anlagen- und Maschinenbauern, aber auch von Komponentenlieferanten eingesetzt werden. Das daraus resultierende Ergebnis soll eine optimale Entscheidungshilfe für den Anwender darstellen aber auch eine adäquate, neutrale Klassifizierung der getestetenGreifer ermöglichen.
Fraunhofer-ePrints arrow_drop_down Hochschulschriftenserver der Universität StuttgartDoctoral thesisData sources: Hochschulschriftenserver der Universität Stuttgartadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu2 citations 2 popularity Average influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!
more_vert Fraunhofer-ePrints arrow_drop_down Hochschulschriftenserver der Universität StuttgartDoctoral thesisData sources: Hochschulschriftenserver der Universität Stuttgartadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Research , Article 2022Embargo end date: 14 Jun 2022 GermanyPublisher:TUHH Universitätsbibliothek Authors: Körner, Ina; Walk, Steffen; Lüssenhop, Phillipp;doi: 10.15480/882.4383
handle: 11420/12877
Die Energiewende einschließlich der Substitution von russischem Erdgas ist eine große Herausforderung, welche fördernde Maßnahmen in vielen Bereichen des Energiesektors verlangt. Einer dieser Bereiche ist die Erzeugung von Biomethan aus häuslichen Küchenabfällen. Diese beinhalten vorwiegend Lebensmittelabfälle. Ein großes ungenutztes Potenzial zu deren Nutzung ist vorhanden. Bürger, Abfallentsorger und Politik können beitragen, dieses zu realisieren. The energy transition, including the substitution of Russian natural gas, is a major challenge that requires supportive measures in many areas of the energy sector. One of these areas is the production of biomethane from domestic kitchen waste. This mainly includes food waste. There is a large untapped potential for its use. Citizens, waste management companies and politicians can contribute to realise this.
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visibility 203visibility views 203 download downloads 542 Powered bymore_vert add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Report 2022Publisher:Zenodo Funded by:EC | FCH2RAILEC| FCH2RAILKonrad, Marcel; Pagenkopf, Johannes; J��ger, Victoria Carolin; Dittus, Holger; Dura, Georg; Garbar, Alexander; Maa��, Jan-Christoph;The project partners Duisport AG, the DLR Institute of Vehicle Concepts and the Center for Fuel Cell Technology (ZBT) have investigated the feasibility of locomotives with hydrogen fuel cell hybrid powertrains (FCH) for typical use by Duisport Rail (dpr) in the Duisburg port area and on the public rail network.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess RoutesGreen 1 citations 1 popularity Average influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!
visibility 94visibility views 94 download downloads 81 Powered bymore_vert add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Master thesis GermanyPublisher:Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen Authors: Strauch, Janine;The objective of this work is to examine the temporal and spatial variability of the climate types of China with regard to the climate shift that happened during the last century. Therefore, the climate types of China had to be defined with high precision. The method presented here is based on a non-hierarchical cluster analysis that allows us to define the climate types of China by an objective and statistical method. Thresholds were not defined prior to but after the analysis in order to describe areas covered by the same climate type and further to characterise the different regions by the chosen meteorological parameters. In addition to this, the cluster analysis allows us to define the climate types considering 7 parameters on the same level of classification. Using the significant trend analysis, climate change in China could be associated with the shifting of climate types during the last century. Summarizing the utility of cluster analysis and trend tests for the examination of climate change in China produced the following results: The shifting of climate types in China is mainly dominated by temperature which appears to correspond with the global warming process during the last century. Trend tests show a significant increase of the annual temperature for all analysed regions. Furthermore, well-known scientists have deduced a considerable increase of winter temperatures in China. Only the north-eastern regions show a significant influence of winter precipitation on the variability of climate types. Bisherige Arbeiten zur Klimaklassifikation Chinas verfolgen mehrheitlich die Ansätze effektiver Klassifikationsmethoden. Es fehlt bislang jedoch ein Ansatz, der versucht, den subjektiven Einfluss bei der Wahl der Grenzdefinitionen zu minimieren. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist eine Klassifikation des chinesischen Klimas unter Minimierung des subjektiven Einflusses durch die Anwendung des multivariaten statistischen Verfahrens einer erweiterten nicht-hierarchischen Clusteranalyse. Als Datengrundlage wird ein hochauflösender Rasterdatensatz (0,5° x 0,5°) der CLIMATE RESEARCH UNIT verwendet, der monatliche Mittelwerte für Temperatur und Niederschlag für einen 100jährigen Zeitraum von 1900 bis 2000 liefert. Auf der Basis einer erweiterten nicht-hierarchischen Clusteranalyse werden 12 Klimatypen für die VR China ermittelt. Für jeden Klimatyp werden Parametermittelwerte berechnet, die eine umfassende Definition der Einzelklimate ermöglichen.Die hiesige Arbeit ist die aktuellste Typisierung des chinesischen Klimas. Eine zusätzliche Untersuchung des zeitlichen Wandels ergab starke räumlich und zeitliche Schwankungen der Klimatypengrenzen, die im Hinblick auf rezente Klimaänderungen in China wichtige Anhaltspunkte liefern.
add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other literature type , Conference object , Article 2020 GermanyPublisher:DuEPublico: Duisburg-Essen Publications online, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany Weber, Malte; Geu Flores, Francisco; Raab, Dominik; Hefter, Harald; Jäger, Marcus; Siebler, Mario; Zietz, Dörte; Kecskeméthy, Andrés;doi: 10.17185/duepublico/71182 , 10.17185/duepublico/71215 , 10.17185/duepublico/71199 , 10.17185/duepublico/71193 , 10.17185/duepublico/71210 , 10.17185/duepublico/71202 , 10.17185/duepublico/71194 , 10.17185/duepublico/71213 , 10.17185/duepublico/71187 , 10.17185/duepublico/71181 , 10.17185/duepublico/71201 , 10.17185/duepublico/71203 , 10.17185/duepublico/71207 , 10.17185/duepublico/71214 , 10.17185/duepublico/71208 , 10.17185/duepublico/71209 , 10.17185/duepublico/71188 , 10.17185/duepublico/71180 , 10.17185/duepublico/71186 , 10.17185/duepublico/71185 , 10.17185/duepublico/71191 , 10.17185/duepublico/71196 , 10.17185/duepublico/71190 , 10.17185/duepublico/71205 , 10.17185/duepublico/71189 , 10.17185/duepublico/71198 , 10.17185/duepublico/71192 , 10.17185/duepublico/71200 , 10.17185/duepublico/71216 , 10.17185/duepublico/71217 , 10.17185/duepublico/71184 , 10.17185/duepublico/71206 , 10.17185/duepublico/71211 , 10.17185/duepublico/71195 , 10.17185/duepublico/71204 , 10.17185/duepublico/71197
doi: 10.17185/duepublico/71182 , 10.17185/duepublico/71215 , 10.17185/duepublico/71199 , 10.17185/duepublico/71193 , 10.17185/duepublico/71210 , 10.17185/duepublico/71202 , 10.17185/duepublico/71194 , 10.17185/duepublico/71213 , 10.17185/duepublico/71187 , 10.17185/duepublico/71181 , 10.17185/duepublico/71201 , 10.17185/duepublico/71203 , 10.17185/duepublico/71207 , 10.17185/duepublico/71214 , 10.17185/duepublico/71208 , 10.17185/duepublico/71209 , 10.17185/duepublico/71188 , 10.17185/duepublico/71180 , 10.17185/duepublico/71186 , 10.17185/duepublico/71185 , 10.17185/duepublico/71191 , 10.17185/duepublico/71196 , 10.17185/duepublico/71190 , 10.17185/duepublico/71205 , 10.17185/duepublico/71189 , 10.17185/duepublico/71198 , 10.17185/duepublico/71192 , 10.17185/duepublico/71200 , 10.17185/duepublico/71216 , 10.17185/duepublico/71217 , 10.17185/duepublico/71184 , 10.17185/duepublico/71206 , 10.17185/duepublico/71211 , 10.17185/duepublico/71195 , 10.17185/duepublico/71204 , 10.17185/duepublico/71197
Motiviert durch ein Anwendungsbeispiel wird die Komfortzone für mobile, kinematisch redundante Manipulatoren definiert. Die Lage und Orientierung der Basis des Manipulators und die Gelenkwinkel werden so gewählt, dass ausgesuchte Zielfunktionen minimal werden. Diese Zielfunktionen werden aus bekannten Maßen wie kartesische Geschwindigkeit, Kraft und Steifigkeit abgeleitet. Sie werden abhängig von den Parametern der Basis und den Gelenkwinkeln des Manipulators bestimmt, wobei nur ein Unterraum an möglichen Konfigurationen aufgrund der vorgegebenen Lage und Orientierung des Endeffektors (EE) für die Optimierung frei wählbar ist. Es werden im Sinne der multikriteriellen Optimierung Pareto-Fronten errechnet, welche durch vordefinierte Grenzen (z.B. minimale erreichbare Kraft oder minimale erreichbare Geschwindigkeit) begrenzt werden. Motivated by an application example, the comfort zone for mobile kinematically redundant manipulators is defined. The position and orientation of the mobile platform (=base of the manipulator) and the joint angles are selected in such a way that selected target functions are minimized. These objective functions are derived from known measures such as Cartesian velocity, force and stiffness. The objective functions are evaluated depending on the parameters of the base and the joint angles of the manipulator, whereby only a subspace of possible configurations is freely selectable for optimization due to the given position and orientation of the end effector (EE). Pareto-fronts are calculated in the sense of multi-criteria optimization, which are limited by, e.g., minimum achievable force or minimum achievable speed. IFToMM D-A-CH Konferenz, vol. 2020Sechste IFToMM D-A-CH Konferenz 2020: 27./28. Februar 2020, Campus Technik Lienz
University of Duisbu... arrow_drop_down University of Duisburg-Essen: DuEPublico2 (Duisburg Essen Publications online)Article . 2020License: CC BYFull-Text: https://doi.org/10.17185/duepublico/71204Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)University of Duisburg-Essen: DuEPublico2 (Duisburg Essen Publications online)Article . 2020Full-Text: https://doi.org/10.17185/duepublico/71196Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)University of Duisburg-Essen: DuEPublico2 (Duisburg Essen Publications online)Article . 2020Full-Text: https://doi.org/10.17185/duepublico/71193Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)University of Duisburg-Essen: DuEPublico2 (Duisburg Essen Publications online)Article . 2020License: CC BYFull-Text: https://doi.org/10.17185/duepublico/71192Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)University of Duisburg-Essen: DuEPublico2 (Duisburg Essen Publications online)Article . 2020Full-Text: https://doi.org/10.17185/duepublico/71208Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)University of Duisburg-Essen: DuEPublico2 (Duisburg Essen Publications online)Article . 2020License: CC BYFull-Text: https://doi.org/10.17185/duepublico/71213Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)University of Duisburg-Essen: DuEPublico2 (Duisburg Essen Publications online)Article . 2020License: CC BYFull-Text: https://doi.org/10.17185/duepublico/71187Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)University of Duisburg-Essen: DuEPublico2 (Duisburg Essen Publications online)Article . 2020License: CC BYFull-Text: https://doi.org/10.17185/duepublico/71191Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)University of Duisburg-Essen: DuEPublico2 (Duisburg Essen Publications online)Article . 2020Full-Text: https://doi.org/10.17185/duepublico/71209Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)University of Duisburg-Essen: DuEPublico2 (Duisburg Essen Publications online)Article . 2020Full-Text: https://doi.org/10.17185/duepublico/71197Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)University of Duisburg-Essen: DuEPublico2 (Duisburg Essen Publications online)Article . 2020License: CC BYFull-Text: https://doi.org/10.17185/duepublico/71217Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)University of Duisburg-Essen: DuEPublico2 (Duisburg Essen Publications online)Article . 2020License: CC BY ND SAFull-Text: https://doi.org/10.17185/duepublico/71186Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)https://dx.doi.org/10.17185/du...Other literature type . 2020License: CC BY SAData sources: Datacitehttps://dx.doi.org/10.17185/du...Other literature type . 2020License: CC BY NC SAData sources: Datacitehttps://dx.doi.org/10.17185/du...Other literature type . 2020License: CC BY NC SAData sources: Datacitehttps://dx.doi.org/10.17185/du...Other literature type . 2020License: CC BY NC NDData sources: Dataciteadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu11 citations 11 popularity Top 10% influence Average impulse Top 10% Powered by BIP!
more_vert University of Duisbu... arrow_drop_down University of Duisburg-Essen: DuEPublico2 (Duisburg Essen Publications online)Article . 2020License: CC BYFull-Text: https://doi.org/10.17185/duepublico/71204Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)University of Duisburg-Essen: DuEPublico2 (Duisburg Essen Publications online)Article . 2020Full-Text: https://doi.org/10.17185/duepublico/71196Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)University of Duisburg-Essen: DuEPublico2 (Duisburg Essen Publications online)Article . 2020Full-Text: https://doi.org/10.17185/duepublico/71193Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)University of Duisburg-Essen: DuEPublico2 (Duisburg Essen Publications online)Article . 2020License: CC BYFull-Text: https://doi.org/10.17185/duepublico/71192Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)University of Duisburg-Essen: DuEPublico2 (Duisburg Essen Publications online)Article . 2020Full-Text: https://doi.org/10.17185/duepublico/71208Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)University of Duisburg-Essen: DuEPublico2 (Duisburg Essen Publications online)Article . 2020License: CC BYFull-Text: https://doi.org/10.17185/duepublico/71213Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)University of Duisburg-Essen: DuEPublico2 (Duisburg Essen Publications online)Article . 2020License: CC BYFull-Text: https://doi.org/10.17185/duepublico/71187Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)University of Duisburg-Essen: DuEPublico2 (Duisburg Essen Publications online)Article . 2020License: CC BYFull-Text: https://doi.org/10.17185/duepublico/71191Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)University of Duisburg-Essen: DuEPublico2 (Duisburg Essen Publications online)Article . 2020Full-Text: https://doi.org/10.17185/duepublico/71209Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)University of Duisburg-Essen: DuEPublico2 (Duisburg Essen Publications online)Article . 2020Full-Text: https://doi.org/10.17185/duepublico/71197Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)University of Duisburg-Essen: DuEPublico2 (Duisburg Essen Publications online)Article . 2020License: CC BYFull-Text: https://doi.org/10.17185/duepublico/71217Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)University of Duisburg-Essen: DuEPublico2 (Duisburg Essen Publications online)Article . 2020License: CC BY ND SAFull-Text: https://doi.org/10.17185/duepublico/71186Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)https://dx.doi.org/10.17185/du...Other literature type . 2020License: CC BY SAData sources: Datacitehttps://dx.doi.org/10.17185/du...Other literature type . 2020License: CC BY NC SAData sources: Datacitehttps://dx.doi.org/10.17185/du...Other literature type . 2020License: CC BY NC SAData sources: Datacitehttps://dx.doi.org/10.17185/du...Other literature type . 2020License: CC BY NC NDData sources: Dataciteadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Master thesis GermanyPublisher:Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen Authors: Streitfert, Anita;Since 1750, the atmospheric CO2 concentration has increased from 280 ppm to about 350 ppm today and is expected to reach 540-970 ppm by 2100. The CO2 concentration is known to affect plants directly and indirectly through the influence of global warming. In this dissertation the impact of 50 years of global warming on plant phenology was assessed. The assessment was used to predict future phenological alterations due to global warming. Direct effects of future CO2 levels (20% above ambient) on phenology, anatomy and stomatal resistance to water vapour were also investigated on plants from the Giessen Free Air Carbondioxid Enrichment (Gi-FACE) study. Phenological data of crops, fruit plants and wild plants collected by the German Weather Service (Deutscher Wetterdienst = DWD) on 170 stations in Hessen between 1951 and 2003 have been analysed. The analysis revealed that the development of plants has shifted during the last decades in Hessen. The beginning of the phenological phases advanced by 0,4 to 5,5 days per decade. The spring phases showed the largest trend. However, the advancement of the phenological phases tended to decline during the annual cycle. Responses to global warming such as the length of vegetation period and the leaf senescence (of oak) did show considerable regional variation and sometimes opposite trends in neighbouring areas. While in some areas the vegetation period was longer, in others it was not changed. However, in the area called Gießen-Koblenzer-Lahntal it became even shorter. A regionalized phenological model for the area 348 (Marburg-Gießener-Lahntal) during the decade 2041-2050 has been developed, using temperature predictions based on the data from meteorological station Gießen. The simulation proved that global warming will advance the phenological phases of the plants and will lengthen the vegetation period. As a consequence of the advancement of the phenological phases, the risk of late frost damage is likely to be present in the future and presumably will rise for some particular fruit species. Phenology is affected not only by global warming but also by rising atmospheric CO2 levels. Most of the investigated plants of the GiFACE graslandsite showed a shift in flowering in spite of the moderate CO2 enrichment used. In this case advancement and delay occurred. The flowering of Glechoma hederacea and Saxifraga granulata advanced significantly under enhanced CO2 concentration. This indicates that evergreen species benefit from the CO2 enrichment, when it is applied throughout the year, and that they are able to react with advanced development under these conditions. Large differences in the date of flowering from year to year suggest that the CO2 effect is modified by the climatic conditions. The impact of enhanced CO2 concentration on anatomical parameters and the stomatal resistance to water vapour were investigated for six species. Despite the moderate enhancement of CO2 concentration, these attributes did already exhibit a response. However, the reactions were different among the species investigated. The species Arrhenatherum elatius und Saxifraga granulata raised the stomatal resistance mainly through the reduction of the stomata density, while Glechoma hederacea did this through a reduction of the stomatal aperture. Glechoma hederacea showed in general a positive reaction to enhanced CO2 concentration concerning leaf thickness, leaf tissue density and leaf mass per area. In contrast, the responses of the other investigated species did not demonstrate such a consistent pattern. Glechoma hederacea is unique in showing a significant advancement of flowering and a significant enhancement of the stomatal resistance to water vapour under elevated CO2. Because the resulting reduction in transpiration may lead to increased leaf temperatures as well as on the entire canopy level, elevated CO2 might be responsible for phenological changes. Thus, the detected global warming effect is inseparable from the effect that rising CO2 levels have on these species. Die CO2-Konzentration ist seit 1750 von 280 ppm auf heute 375 ppm angestiegen und wird sich bis 2100 weiter auf 540-970 ppm erhöhen. Dieser Anstieg wirkt sich indirekt über die Erwärmung der Atmosphäre als auch direkt auf die Pflanzen aus. Ziel dieser Arbeit war daher die Auswirkung der Klimaerwärmung in den letzten 50 Jahren und der prognostizierten Klimaerwärmung auf die Pflanzenentwicklung sowie die Wirkung von moderat erhöhten CO2-Konzentrationen (+20 %) auf die Phänologie, die Anatomie und den Stomatawiderstand von Pflanzen zu untersuchen. Anhand der Auswertung phänologischer Daten landwirtschaftlicher Kulturpflanzen, Obstgehölzen und wildwachsenden Pflanzen der Jahre 1951 bis 2003 von 170 Stationen in Hessen konnte gezeigt werden, dass es in diesem Zeitraum zu Verschiebungen in der Pflanzenentwicklung gekommen ist. Der Eintritt phänologischer Phasen verfrühte sich im Mittel zwischen 0,4 bis 5,5 Tage/Dekade. Die Frühjahrsphasen zeigten dabei den stärksten Trend. Im Jahresverlauf nahm die Verfrühung der phänologischen Phasen ab. Regionale Unterschiede und gegensätzliche Trends in benachbarten Naturräumen zeigten sich in der Reaktion der Pflanzen (z.B. Blattseneszenz der Stiel-Eiche), aber auch in der Dauer der Vegetationsperiode. Während sich die Vegetationszeit in manchen Regionen verlängert hat, ist sie in anderen unverändert geblieben. Im Gießen-Koblenzer-Lahntal hat sie sich sogar verkürzt. Mit Hilfe von Modellen, basierend auf den Temperaturdaten eines Regionalisierungsmodells für die meteorologische Station Gießen, konnte beispielhaft für den Naturraum 348 (Marburg-Gießener-Lahntal) gezeigt werden, dass es aufgrund der prognostizierten Klimaerwärmung in der Dekade von 2041 bis 2050 zu weiteren Verfrühungen in der Pflanzenentwicklung und zur Verlängerung der Vegetationsperiode kommen wird. Die Verfrühung der Frühjahrsphasen hat zur Folge, dass die Gefahr von Spätfrost auch in der Zukunft vorhanden ist und für einige Obstarten wahrscheinlich noch ansteigt. Neben erhöhten Lufttemperaturen beeinflussen jedoch auch erhöhte CO2-Konzentrationen die Phänologie. So zeigte die überwiegende Anzahl der untersuchten Pflanzenarten eines Grünlandbestandes - trotz nur moderat erhöhten CO2-Konzentration - Verschiebungen im mittleren Blühbeginn, wobei sowohl Verfrühungen als auch Verspätungen auftraten. Eine signifikante Verfrühung unter erhöhten CO2-Konzentrationen konnte bei Glechoma hederacea und bei Saxifraga granulata beobachtet werden. Dies deutet darauf hin, dass immergrüne Arten von der ganzjährigen CO2-Anreicherung profitieren und mit einer schnelleren Entwicklung im Frühling reagieren. Große Unterschiede im Zeitpunkt des Blühbeginns lassen vermuten, dass der CO2-Effekt durch die Witterung modifiziert wird. Die Auswirkungen von erhöhten CO2-Konzentrationen auf anatomische Parameter und den Stomatawiderstand für Wasserdampf wurde beispielhaft an sechs Arten untersucht. Dabei reagierten die Pflanzen auf moderat erhöhte CO2-Konzentrationen unterschiedlich: Arrhenatherum elatius und Saxifraga granulata erhöhten den Stomatawiderstand für Wasserdampf hauptsächlich durch die Verringerung der Stomatadichte, Glechoma hederacea hingegen überwiegend durch eine Reduzierung der Öffnungsweite der Stomata. Im Bezug auf die Blattdicke, die Blattdichte und den LMA (leaf mass per area) zeigte Glechoma hederacea generell positive Reaktionen auf erhöhte CO2-Konzentrationen. Im Gegensatz dazu reagierten die anderen untersuchten Arten unterschiedlich. Als einzige Art zeigte Glechoma hederacea eine signifikante Verfrühung im Blühbeginn einhergehend mit einer signifikanten Erhöhung des Stomatawiderstandes für Wasserdampf. Verringerungen der Transpiration könnten zu erhöhten Blatt- und Bestandestemperaturen führen und damit Auswirkungen auf die Phänologie haben, so dass Klimaerwärmung und CO2-Effekt nicht trennbar sind.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Report 2021Publisher:Zenodo Authors: Plankenbühler, Thomas; Kolb, Sebastian; Herkendell, Katharina; Karl, Jürgen;This study summarises the scientific state of the art for the production, transportation, storage and reconversion of green hydrogen concisely and in the form of fact sheets. The aim is to provide a compact and independent overview that can serve as a guideline and basis of decision-making for future investments in the energy industry. The study discusses 47 technologies with different technology readiness levels and compares them in terms of technical and economic performance indicators. A set of uniform boundary conditions common to the energy industry allows to ensure comparability of economically relevant data (especially hydrogen production costs). In the study, technology profiles describe technologies with high technical relevance and availability as well as technologies with high technical potential but currently low availability. In each case, the state of development, operating principle, market situation as well as technical and economic risks are discussed. Additionally, a technology radar briefly presents technologies with currently unclear technical potential or technologies that are not yet available. Eine Studie im Auftrag der N-ERGIE Aktiengesellschaft
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess RoutesGreen 0 citations 0 popularity Average influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!
visibility 67visibility views 67 download downloads 67 Powered bymore_vert add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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Research data keyboard_double_arrow_right Dataset 2016Publisher:RWI – Leibniz Institute for Economic Research Frondel, Manuel; Vance, Colin; Andor, Mark; Kussel, Gerhard; Schmidt, Christoph M.; Osberghaus, Daniel; RWI; Forsa;Mit einem Anteil von rund 30% am Endenergieverbrauch und etwa 20% an den CO2-Emissionen haben private Haushalte in Deutschland einen großen Einfluss auf die Umwelt. Gleichzeitig sind private Haushalte ein zentraler Adressat für politische Interventionen zur Bekämpfung des Klimawandels. Vor diesem Hintergrund hat die Politik zahlreiche Maßnahmen zur Verringerung des Energiekonsums und zur Förderung regenerativer Energietechnologien ergriffen. Diese politischen Maßnahmen bedürfen einer sorgfältigen Evaluierung ihrer Effektivität und Kosteneffizienz, um kostspielige Redundanzen durch sich überlappende Instrumente zu vermeiden. Eine solche Evaluation umwelt- und energiepolitischer Maßnahmen erfordert eine umfangreiche Datenbasis. Besonders im Bereich der privaten Haushalte waren solche Daten in Deutschland bislang nicht verfügbar. Die Reagibilität deutscher Haushalte auf Maßnahmen zur Bekämpfung des Klimawandels war daher weitgehend unbekannt. Das Sozial-Ökologische Panel stellt zu diesem Zweck umfangreiche, frei verfügbare Informationen zum Energieverbrauch und Umweltverhalten privater Haushalte bereit. Die Befragung wurde in vier Wellen durchgeführt. Es liegen Daten für die Jahre 2012, 2013, 2014 und 2015 vor. Diese Daten können anhand einer ID aneinander gespielt werden. Darauf aufbauend können ökonometrische Schätzungen und Analysen verschiedener Präferenzindikatoren sowie des Anpassungsverhaltens privater Haushalte an den Klimawandel durchgeführt werden. Dieser Datensatz umfasst die Daten der Erhebung im Jahr 2012. With a share of 30% in total final energy consumption and around 20% in CO2 emissions, private households in Germany strongly affect the environment. At the same time private households are an important target group for policy interventions to fight climate change. Against this background, numerous policy measures that intend to decrease energy consumption and to support renewable energy technologies have been introduced. These policy measures call for accurate evaluation to avoid expensive redundancies due to overlapping policy instruments. The evaluation of energy and environmental policy measures requires comprehensive and reliable data. So far such data was unavailable in Germany, especially in the context of private households. Hence, the responsiveness of German households to climate protection policies was unknown. For this purpose, the Socio-Ecological Panel offers rich information on household’s energy consumption and environmental behavior. The data was gathered in four household surveys conducted in 2012, 2013, 2014 and 2015. The survey waves can be merged using the household ID. The data builds the basis for empirical analyses of households’ adaptation to climate change and the evaluation of environmental and climate policy measures. This data set comprises the information gathered in the 2012 survey wave and is labelled in German. It is available in German and English. Offline Rekrutierung für das repräsentative forsa omninet panel Selbst ausgefüllter Fragebogen Self-completed questionnaire 10.000 deutsche Haushalte Green-SÖP Green-SÖP
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Doctoral thesis 2022 GermanyPublisher:Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Authors: Boer, Lukas;Diese Dissertation beantwortet verschiedene politikrelevante ökonomische Fragen in den Bereichen Handelspolitik, Geldpolitik, sowie Rohstoffmärkte und Energieökonomik mit Hilfe von strukturellen Vektorautoregressionsmodellen (SVAR). SVARs stellen eine effektive Möglichkeit dar, die Beziehungen zwischen verschiedenen makroökonomischen und/oder Finanzmarkt-Variablen zu modellieren und werden verwendet, um die dynamischen kausalen Effekte von ökonomischen Schocks zu schätzen. Für jede ökonomische Fragestellung wird eine Identifikationsstrategie angewandt, die auf die betrachteten Daten und ihre statistischen Eigenschaften sowie die zugrundeliegenden Annahmen über ökonomische Mechanismen zwischen den betrachteten Zeitreihen zugeschnitten ist. Im Einzelnen besteht diese Dissertation aus vier Kapiteln. In den ersten beiden Kapiteln werden die Auswirkungen von Handelspolitik auf Finanzmärkte und auf die Makroökonomie geschätzt. Das dritte Kapitel liefert einen methodischen Beitrag zur SVAR-Literatur, der in einer Anwendung zu den Effekten von Geldpolitik dargestellt wird. Das letzte Kapitel verlässt die Felder der Handels- und Geldpolitik und wendet sich Rohstoffmärkten und der Energiewirtschaft zu, stützt sich dabei aber ebenfalls auf Zeitreihenmethoden. Es analysiert die Rolle von Metallen in der Energiewende. This dissertation answers various policy relevant economic questions in the fields of trade policy, monetary policy, and commodity markets and energy economics using structural vector autoregression (SVAR) models. SVARs constitute a parsimonious way to model the relations between different macroeconomic and/or financial variables and they are used to estimate the dynamic causal effects of economic shocks. For each economic question, this dissertation applies an identification strategy that is tailored to the relevant data and its statistical properties as well as the underlying assumptions about economic mechanisms among the regarded time series. Specifically, this dissertation consists of four chapters. The first two chapters estimate the effects of trade policy on financial markets and on the macroeconomy. The third chapter makes a methodological contribution to the SVAR literature in an application to monetary policy shocks. The final chapter moves away from trade and monetary policy to commodity markets and energy economics but also relies on time series methods. It analyzes the role of metals for the clean energy transition.
Publikationsserver d... arrow_drop_down Publikationsserver der Humboldt-Universität zu BerlinDoctoral thesis . 2022Data sources: Publikationsserver der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlinadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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visibility 117visibility views 117 download downloads 119 Powered bymore_vert Publikationsserver d... arrow_drop_down Publikationsserver der Humboldt-Universität zu BerlinDoctoral thesis . 2022Data sources: Publikationsserver der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlinadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Doctoral thesis , Thesis 2008Embargo end date: 20 Jun 2008 GermanyPublisher:Universität Stuttgart Authors: Kruck, Christoph;doi: 10.18419/opus-1768
Die Stromerzeugung aus Windenergie hat in den vergangenen Jahren, insbesondere unterstützt durch das Erneuerbare-Energien-Gesetz (EEG), stark zugenommen und belief sich im Jahr 2006 auf einen Anteil von rund 4,8 % an der Bruttostromerzeugung. Aufgrund des fluktuierenden Charakters der Windstromerzeugung ist die Integration und Einspeisung dieses Anteils in das Netz der öffentlichen Versorgung bereits heute mit teilweise erheblichen Problemen verbunden. Diese werden sich in Zukunft weiter verstärken, wenn der geplante Einstieg in die Offshore-Windenergienutzung wie geplant stattfindet und in den kommenden Jahren einige GW Leistung Offshore installiert werden. Grundsätzlich bieten sich zwei Lösungsansätze für die angesprochene Problematik an, die sich gegenseitig ergänzen: Zum einen können durch exaktere Prognoseverfahren die zu erwartenden Windstrommengen besser vorhergesagt und damit zugleich die Fahrpläne der konventionellen (Schatten-)Kraftwerke genauer erstellt werden. Der Bedarf an Ausgleichsenergie wird durch dieses Verfahren minimiert. Im Fall von Windflauten muss jedoch die gesamte nachgefragte Leistung durch konventionelle Kraftwerke bereitgestellt werden. Zum anderen kann durch den Einsatz von Speicherkraftwerken eine zeitliche Entkopplung von Energieangebot und –bedarf realisiert werden, indem in Zeiten hohen Windenergieangebots ein Teil des Windstroms zwischengespeichert wird und umgekehrt in Windflauten das Speicherkraftwerk die Strombereitstellung übernimmt. Mit Hilfe dieses Verfahrens erfolgt dementsprechend eine Anpassung des Angebots an die Nachfrage. Die vorliegende Arbeit konzentriert sich auf den zweiten Ansatz und entwickelt ein Simulationsmodell, mit dessen Hilfe ein Windpark-Speicher-System abgebildet und eine Vergleichmäßigung des Windstroms durch Integration verschiedener Speichertechnologen (diabates/adiabates Druckluft-Speicherkraftwerk, Pumpspeicherkraftwerk) simuliert wird. Ziel der Vergleichmäßigung ist die kontinuierliche Bereitstellung einer garantierten Leistung. Die verbleibenden Fluktuationen werden durch einen Abgleich mit der Nachfrageseite in Form der Netzlast berücksichtigt. Für unterschiedliche Systemvarianten werden sowohl die Stromgestehungskosten als auch die spezifischen CO2-Emissionen berechnet, um auf dieser Basis einen Vergleich der einzelnen Systeme zu ermöglichen. Grundlegende Parameter wie beispielsweise die energetische Speicherkapazität, die spezifischen Investitionskosten der Windenergieanlagen und des Speicherkraftwerks oder auch die Bezugskosten für Ausgleichsenergie werden anschließend in Form von Sensitivitätsanalysen und Parametervariation detailliert untersucht. Auf diese Weise können die unter konstant gesetzten Parametern gewonnenen Ergebnisse bestätigt bzw. kritisch hinterfragt werden, wobei insbesondere der Einfluss der verschiedenen Eingangsgrößen auf die Stromgestehungskosten im Detail analysiert wird. In der Folge werden vielversprechende Systemkonfigurationen unter dem Zielkriterium möglichst geringer Stromgestehungskosten identifiziert. Zudem wird geprüft, welche Anforderungen an die Kostenentwicklung speziell von Druckluft-Speicherkraftwerken zu stellen sind, um mit einem konventionellen Vergleichssystem konkurrenzfähig zu werden. Power generation from wind energy has increased significantly in the past years reaching 4.8 % of the gross power generation. This development was especially promoted by the re-newable energy law (Erneuerbares-Energien-Gesetz). The integration and feed-in of this power into the grid is associated with considerable problems as the wind power generation is characterised by its fluctuating nature. These diffi-culties will grow and accelerate if the planned wind parks in the North or Baltic Sea with some GW power are realised in the following years. In principle there are two methods of resolution for this kind of problem which com-plement one another: On the one hand it’s possible to develop better forecasting models in order to forecast the wind power generation more accurately. By this means also the operation of the conventional power plants can be planned more accurately. In the consequence the de-mand for balancing power is minimized. Nevertheless it’s inevitable to provide the total sum of demanded power in times of wind calms by conventional power plants. Concerning the second method the operation of storage facilities is involved in the system in order to realise a temporal decoupling of energy supply and demand. In times with high wind power generation the storage unit is filled and vice versa in wind calms the storage facility is able to provide power. Thus the supply side is adapted to the demand side. The following thesis focuses on the second method. A tool is developed, simulating the operation of a windpark-storage system, in order to equalise the wind power generation by the help of different storage technologies (diabatic/adiabatic compressed air energy storage, pumped hydro). The equalisation aims at the continuous supply of a guaranteed power. Re-maining fluctuations of wind power are considered by a comparison of demand and supply side, whereas the demand side is represented by the system load. The costs of generating electricity as well as the specific CO2-emissions are calculated for different configurations resulting in a comparison of the different systems. Following fun-damental parameters as the energy storage capacity, the specific investment costs of the wind power plants and the storage facility or the price of balancing power are examined in detail by the help of a sensitivity analysis. In so doing it is possible to confirm or to question the results calculated with fixed parameters. In this context especially the influence of different parame-ters on the costs of generating electricity is analysed. Finally promising system configurations with the aim of reducing the costs of generat-ing electricity are identified. Moreover the requirements concerning the reduction of invest-ment costs especially of compressed air energy storage systems in order to achieve competi-tiveness with a conventional system are examined.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Doctoral thesis , Other literature type , Thesis 2014Embargo end date: 28 Mar 2014 GermanyPublisher:Universität Stuttgart Authors: Fischmann, Christian;The companies of the photovoltaic industry have experienced considerable growth in recent years. And further growth is forecasted for the coming years. By now, nearly two million single photovoltaic (PV) installations generate electricity from sunlight around the world. Thereby, the wafer-based PV products have a market share of about 80-85%. The interim shortage of silicon and the increasing cost pressure in the market give rise to ever thinner and larger wafers. Thus, the "PV Roadmap for Crystalline Silicon" of the German cell producers expects an average wafer thickness of 100 µm until 2020 and the next generation of wafer thickness in 2015. This trend brings about new challenges for the PV industry: due to the manual and automated handling in the manufacturing the silicon-based wafers are exposed to mechanical stress. If the wafers, however, become ever thinner they lose their mechanical stability and might form cracks when exposed to huge forces during the handling.These cracks, however, cause a higher breakage rate and are one of the main reasons for breakdowns of the finished modules. The damage-free handling of the very fragile silicon wafers will gain in importance due to the expected increase in the throughput. Therefore, the handling systems and components must not only handle the sensitive substrates as gently as possible but also with high speed and precision in the µm range. For this purpose, new adjusted handling components are required. This thesis aims at making a contribution to the optimal selection of handling components for the photovoltaic industry. The primary target is the development of an objective and vendor-independent evaluation procedure for grippers especially used in the cell and module manufacturing. The procedure to be developed should be suitable for cell, equipment and machine manufacturers as well as for component suppliers. Furthermore, the procedure should be applicable to identical and variable grippingprinciples. The result of the method should be the optimal decision guidance for the user and should enable an adequate and neutral classification of the tested gripper. Der enorme Ausbau der Produktionskapazitäten der Photovoltaik-Industrie in den vergangenen Jahren hat auch die Anforderungen an den Maschinen- und Anlagenbau erhöht. Die Automatisierung in der Fertigung von Solarzellen spielt dabei zur Sicherung von Qualität und Ausbeute und somit auch für die Kostenreduktion eine entscheidende Rolle. Die sich erhöhenden Materialtransportintensitäten zwischen den einzelnen Prozessschritten stellen dabei eine nicht zu vernachlässigende Herausforderung dar: Die zunehmend dünneren und fragilen Substrate bei verkürzten Zykluszeiten bringen insbesondere die Handhabung an deren physikalische Grenzen. Vor diesem Hintergrund gewinnt eine Bewertung der Leistungsfähigkeit von Handhabungskomponenten verstärkt an Bedeutung. Die Ausgangssituation zeigt, dass in der Zellfertigung aktueller Fertigungslinien insbesondere die greiferbasierte Handhabung mit Pick-and-Place-Charakter bereits parallel eingesetzt wird, um den hohen Durchsätzen gerecht zuwerden. Hierbei muss der Aufnahme- und Ablagevorgang so schnell und schädigungsarm durchgeführt werden, dass sowohl der geforderte Durchsatz, wie auch die erforderliche Qualität erreicht werden können. Durch diese Randbedingungen sind neue und erhöhte Anforderungen an die Greiferauswahl und die optimale Parametereinstellung des eingesetzten Greifers zu stellen. Die vorliegende Arbeit beschreibt ein neues, angepassten Verfahren für die Leistungsbewertung von Greifern für Silizium-Wafer. Im Vordergrund steht die Entwicklung eines objektiven und herstellerunabhängigen Bewertungsverfahrens für Greifer, die insbesonders in der Zell- und Modulfertigung eingesetzt werden. Das zu entwickelnde Verfahren kann sowohl von Zellherstellern, Anlagen- und Maschinenbauern, aber auch von Komponentenlieferanten eingesetzt werden. Das daraus resultierende Ergebnis soll eine optimale Entscheidungshilfe für den Anwender darstellen aber auch eine adäquate, neutrale Klassifizierung der getestetenGreifer ermöglichen.
Fraunhofer-ePrints arrow_drop_down Hochschulschriftenserver der Universität StuttgartDoctoral thesisData sources: Hochschulschriftenserver der Universität Stuttgartadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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more_vert Fraunhofer-ePrints arrow_drop_down Hochschulschriftenserver der Universität StuttgartDoctoral thesisData sources: Hochschulschriftenserver der Universität Stuttgartadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Research , Article 2022Embargo end date: 14 Jun 2022 GermanyPublisher:TUHH Universitätsbibliothek Authors: Körner, Ina; Walk, Steffen; Lüssenhop, Phillipp;doi: 10.15480/882.4383
handle: 11420/12877
Die Energiewende einschließlich der Substitution von russischem Erdgas ist eine große Herausforderung, welche fördernde Maßnahmen in vielen Bereichen des Energiesektors verlangt. Einer dieser Bereiche ist die Erzeugung von Biomethan aus häuslichen Küchenabfällen. Diese beinhalten vorwiegend Lebensmittelabfälle. Ein großes ungenutztes Potenzial zu deren Nutzung ist vorhanden. Bürger, Abfallentsorger und Politik können beitragen, dieses zu realisieren. The energy transition, including the substitution of Russian natural gas, is a major challenge that requires supportive measures in many areas of the energy sector. One of these areas is the production of biomethane from domestic kitchen waste. This mainly includes food waste. There is a large untapped potential for its use. Citizens, waste management companies and politicians can contribute to realise this.
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visibility 203visibility views 203 download downloads 542 Powered bymore_vert add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Report 2022Publisher:Zenodo Funded by:EC | FCH2RAILEC| FCH2RAILKonrad, Marcel; Pagenkopf, Johannes; J��ger, Victoria Carolin; Dittus, Holger; Dura, Georg; Garbar, Alexander; Maa��, Jan-Christoph;The project partners Duisport AG, the DLR Institute of Vehicle Concepts and the Center for Fuel Cell Technology (ZBT) have investigated the feasibility of locomotives with hydrogen fuel cell hybrid powertrains (FCH) for typical use by Duisport Rail (dpr) in the Duisburg port area and on the public rail network.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess RoutesGreen 1 citations 1 popularity Average influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!
visibility 94visibility views 94 download downloads 81 Powered bymore_vert add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Master thesis GermanyPublisher:Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen Authors: Strauch, Janine;The objective of this work is to examine the temporal and spatial variability of the climate types of China with regard to the climate shift that happened during the last century. Therefore, the climate types of China had to be defined with high precision. The method presented here is based on a non-hierarchical cluster analysis that allows us to define the climate types of China by an objective and statistical method. Thresholds were not defined prior to but after the analysis in order to describe areas covered by the same climate type and further to characterise the different regions by the chosen meteorological parameters. In addition to this, the cluster analysis allows us to define the climate types considering 7 parameters on the same level of classification. Using the significant trend analysis, climate change in China could be associated with the shifting of climate types during the last century. Summarizing the utility of cluster analysis and trend tests for the examination of climate change in China produced the following results: The shifting of climate types in China is mainly dominated by temperature which appears to correspond with the global warming process during the last century. Trend tests show a significant increase of the annual temperature for all analysed regions. Furthermore, well-known scientists have deduced a considerable increase of winter temperatures in China. Only the north-eastern regions show a significant influence of winter precipitation on the variability of climate types. Bisherige Arbeiten zur Klimaklassifikation Chinas verfolgen mehrheitlich die Ansätze effektiver Klassifikationsmethoden. Es fehlt bislang jedoch ein Ansatz, der versucht, den subjektiven Einfluss bei der Wahl der Grenzdefinitionen zu minimieren. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist eine Klassifikation des chinesischen Klimas unter Minimierung des subjektiven Einflusses durch die Anwendung des multivariaten statistischen Verfahrens einer erweiterten nicht-hierarchischen Clusteranalyse. Als Datengrundlage wird ein hochauflösender Rasterdatensatz (0,5° x 0,5°) der CLIMATE RESEARCH UNIT verwendet, der monatliche Mittelwerte für Temperatur und Niederschlag für einen 100jährigen Zeitraum von 1900 bis 2000 liefert. Auf der Basis einer erweiterten nicht-hierarchischen Clusteranalyse werden 12 Klimatypen für die VR China ermittelt. Für jeden Klimatyp werden Parametermittelwerte berechnet, die eine umfassende Definition der Einzelklimate ermöglichen.Die hiesige Arbeit ist die aktuellste Typisierung des chinesischen Klimas. Eine zusätzliche Untersuchung des zeitlichen Wandels ergab starke räumlich und zeitliche Schwankungen der Klimatypengrenzen, die im Hinblick auf rezente Klimaänderungen in China wichtige Anhaltspunkte liefern.
add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other literature type , Conference object , Article 2020 GermanyPublisher:DuEPublico: Duisburg-Essen Publications online, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany Weber, Malte; Geu Flores, Francisco; Raab, Dominik; Hefter, Harald; Jäger, Marcus; Siebler, Mario; Zietz, Dörte; Kecskeméthy, Andrés;doi: 10.17185/duepublico/71182 , 10.17185/duepublico/71215 , 10.17185/duepublico/71199 , 10.17185/duepublico/71193 , 10.17185/duepublico/71210 , 10.17185/duepublico/71202 , 10.17185/duepublico/71194 , 10.17185/duepublico/71213 , 10.17185/duepublico/71187 , 10.17185/duepublico/71181 , 10.17185/duepublico/71201 , 10.17185/duepublico/71203 , 10.17185/duepublico/71207 , 10.17185/duepublico/71214 , 10.17185/duepublico/71208 , 10.17185/duepublico/71209 , 10.17185/duepublico/71188 , 10.17185/duepublico/71180 , 10.17185/duepublico/71186 , 10.17185/duepublico/71185 , 10.17185/duepublico/71191 , 10.17185/duepublico/71196 , 10.17185/duepublico/71190 , 10.17185/duepublico/71205 , 10.17185/duepublico/71189 , 10.17185/duepublico/71198 , 10.17185/duepublico/71192 , 10.17185/duepublico/71200 , 10.17185/duepublico/71216 , 10.17185/duepublico/71217 , 10.17185/duepublico/71184 , 10.17185/duepublico/71206 , 10.17185/duepublico/71211 , 10.17185/duepublico/71195 , 10.17185/duepublico/71204 , 10.17185/duepublico/71197
doi: 10.17185/duepublico/71182 , 10.17185/duepublico/71215 , 10.17185/duepublico/71199 , 10.17185/duepublico/71193 , 10.17185/duepublico/71210 , 10.17185/duepublico/71202 , 10.17185/duepublico/71194 , 10.17185/duepublico/71213 , 10.17185/duepublico/71187 , 10.17185/duepublico/71181 , 10.17185/duepublico/71201 , 10.17185/duepublico/71203 , 10.17185/duepublico/71207 , 10.17185/duepublico/71214 , 10.17185/duepublico/71208 , 10.17185/duepublico/71209 , 10.17185/duepublico/71188 , 10.17185/duepublico/71180 , 10.17185/duepublico/71186 , 10.17185/duepublico/71185 , 10.17185/duepublico/71191 , 10.17185/duepublico/71196 , 10.17185/duepublico/71190 , 10.17185/duepublico/71205 , 10.17185/duepublico/71189 , 10.17185/duepublico/71198 , 10.17185/duepublico/71192 , 10.17185/duepublico/71200 , 10.17185/duepublico/71216 , 10.17185/duepublico/71217 , 10.17185/duepublico/71184 , 10.17185/duepublico/71206 , 10.17185/duepublico/71211 , 10.17185/duepublico/71195 , 10.17185/duepublico/71204 , 10.17185/duepublico/71197
Motiviert durch ein Anwendungsbeispiel wird die Komfortzone für mobile, kinematisch redundante Manipulatoren definiert. Die Lage und Orientierung der Basis des Manipulators und die Gelenkwinkel werden so gewählt, dass ausgesuchte Zielfunktionen minimal werden. Diese Zielfunktionen werden aus bekannten Maßen wie kartesische Geschwindigkeit, Kraft und Steifigkeit abgeleitet. Sie werden abhängig von den Parametern der Basis und den Gelenkwinkeln des Manipulators bestimmt, wobei nur ein Unterraum an möglichen Konfigurationen aufgrund der vorgegebenen Lage und Orientierung des Endeffektors (EE) für die Optimierung frei wählbar ist. Es werden im Sinne der multikriteriellen Optimierung Pareto-Fronten errechnet, welche durch vordefinierte Grenzen (z.B. minimale erreichbare Kraft oder minimale erreichbare Geschwindigkeit) begrenzt werden. Motivated by an application example, the comfort zone for mobile kinematically redundant manipulators is defined. The position and orientation of the mobile platform (=base of the manipulator) and the joint angles are selected in such a way that selected target functions are minimized. These objective functions are derived from known measures such as Cartesian velocity, force and stiffness. The objective functions are evaluated depending on the parameters of the base and the joint angles of the manipulator, whereby only a subspace of possible configurations is freely selectable for optimization due to the given position and orientation of the end effector (EE). Pareto-fronts are calculated in the sense of multi-criteria optimization, which are limited by, e.g., minimum achievable force or minimum achievable speed. IFToMM D-A-CH Konferenz, vol. 2020Sechste IFToMM D-A-CH Konferenz 2020: 27./28. Februar 2020, Campus Technik Lienz
University of Duisbu... arrow_drop_down University of Duisburg-Essen: DuEPublico2 (Duisburg Essen Publications online)Article . 2020License: CC BYFull-Text: https://doi.org/10.17185/duepublico/71204Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)University of Duisburg-Essen: DuEPublico2 (Duisburg Essen Publications online)Article . 2020Full-Text: https://doi.org/10.17185/duepublico/71196Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)University of Duisburg-Essen: DuEPublico2 (Duisburg Essen Publications online)Article . 2020Full-Text: https://doi.org/10.17185/duepublico/71193Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)University of Duisburg-Essen: DuEPublico2 (Duisburg Essen Publications online)Article . 2020License: CC BYFull-Text: https://doi.org/10.17185/duepublico/71192Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)University of Duisburg-Essen: DuEPublico2 (Duisburg Essen Publications online)Article . 2020Full-Text: https://doi.org/10.17185/duepublico/71208Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)University of Duisburg-Essen: DuEPublico2 (Duisburg Essen Publications online)Article . 2020License: CC BYFull-Text: https://doi.org/10.17185/duepublico/71213Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)University of Duisburg-Essen: DuEPublico2 (Duisburg Essen Publications online)Article . 2020License: CC BYFull-Text: https://doi.org/10.17185/duepublico/71187Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)University of Duisburg-Essen: DuEPublico2 (Duisburg Essen Publications online)Article . 2020License: CC BYFull-Text: https://doi.org/10.17185/duepublico/71191Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)University of Duisburg-Essen: DuEPublico2 (Duisburg Essen Publications online)Article . 2020Full-Text: https://doi.org/10.17185/duepublico/71209Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)University of Duisburg-Essen: DuEPublico2 (Duisburg Essen Publications online)Article . 2020Full-Text: https://doi.org/10.17185/duepublico/71197Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)University of Duisburg-Essen: DuEPublico2 (Duisburg Essen Publications online)Article . 2020License: CC BYFull-Text: https://doi.org/10.17185/duepublico/71217Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)University of Duisburg-Essen: DuEPublico2 (Duisburg Essen Publications online)Article . 2020License: CC BY ND SAFull-Text: https://doi.org/10.17185/duepublico/71186Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)https://dx.doi.org/10.17185/du...Other literature type . 2020License: CC BY SAData sources: Datacitehttps://dx.doi.org/10.17185/du...Other literature type . 2020License: CC BY NC SAData sources: Datacitehttps://dx.doi.org/10.17185/du...Other literature type . 2020License: CC BY NC SAData sources: Datacitehttps://dx.doi.org/10.17185/du...Other literature type . 2020License: CC BY NC NDData sources: Dataciteadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu11 citations 11 popularity Top 10% influence Average impulse Top 10% Powered by BIP!
more_vert University of Duisbu... arrow_drop_down University of Duisburg-Essen: DuEPublico2 (Duisburg Essen Publications online)Article . 2020License: CC BYFull-Text: https://doi.org/10.17185/duepublico/71204Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)University of Duisburg-Essen: DuEPublico2 (Duisburg Essen Publications online)Article . 2020Full-Text: https://doi.org/10.17185/duepublico/71196Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)University of Duisburg-Essen: DuEPublico2 (Duisburg Essen Publications online)Article . 2020Full-Text: https://doi.org/10.17185/duepublico/71193Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)University of Duisburg-Essen: DuEPublico2 (Duisburg Essen Publications online)Article . 2020License: CC BYFull-Text: https://doi.org/10.17185/duepublico/71192Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)University of Duisburg-Essen: DuEPublico2 (Duisburg Essen Publications online)Article . 2020Full-Text: https://doi.org/10.17185/duepublico/71208Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)University of Duisburg-Essen: DuEPublico2 (Duisburg Essen Publications online)Article . 2020License: CC BYFull-Text: https://doi.org/10.17185/duepublico/71213Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)University of Duisburg-Essen: DuEPublico2 (Duisburg Essen Publications online)Article . 2020License: CC BYFull-Text: https://doi.org/10.17185/duepublico/71187Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)University of Duisburg-Essen: DuEPublico2 (Duisburg Essen Publications online)Article . 2020License: CC BYFull-Text: https://doi.org/10.17185/duepublico/71191Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)University of Duisburg-Essen: DuEPublico2 (Duisburg Essen Publications online)Article . 2020Full-Text: https://doi.org/10.17185/duepublico/71209Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)University of Duisburg-Essen: DuEPublico2 (Duisburg Essen Publications online)Article . 2020Full-Text: https://doi.org/10.17185/duepublico/71197Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)University of Duisburg-Essen: DuEPublico2 (Duisburg Essen Publications online)Article . 2020License: CC BYFull-Text: https://doi.org/10.17185/duepublico/71217Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)University of Duisburg-Essen: DuEPublico2 (Duisburg Essen Publications online)Article . 2020License: CC BY ND SAFull-Text: https://doi.org/10.17185/duepublico/71186Data sources: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine (BASE)https://dx.doi.org/10.17185/du...Other literature type . 2020License: CC BY SAData sources: Datacitehttps://dx.doi.org/10.17185/du...Other literature type . 2020License: CC BY NC SAData sources: Datacitehttps://dx.doi.org/10.17185/du...Other literature type . 2020License: CC BY NC SAData sources: Datacitehttps://dx.doi.org/10.17185/du...Other literature type . 2020License: CC BY NC NDData sources: Dataciteadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Master thesis GermanyPublisher:Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen Authors: Streitfert, Anita;Since 1750, the atmospheric CO2 concentration has increased from 280 ppm to about 350 ppm today and is expected to reach 540-970 ppm by 2100. The CO2 concentration is known to affect plants directly and indirectly through the influence of global warming. In this dissertation the impact of 50 years of global warming on plant phenology was assessed. The assessment was used to predict future phenological alterations due to global warming. Direct effects of future CO2 levels (20% above ambient) on phenology, anatomy and stomatal resistance to water vapour were also investigated on plants from the Giessen Free Air Carbondioxid Enrichment (Gi-FACE) study. Phenological data of crops, fruit plants and wild plants collected by the German Weather Service (Deutscher Wetterdienst = DWD) on 170 stations in Hessen between 1951 and 2003 have been analysed. The analysis revealed that the development of plants has shifted during the last decades in Hessen. The beginning of the phenological phases advanced by 0,4 to 5,5 days per decade. The spring phases showed the largest trend. However, the advancement of the phenological phases tended to decline during the annual cycle. Responses to global warming such as the length of vegetation period and the leaf senescence (of oak) did show considerable regional variation and sometimes opposite trends in neighbouring areas. While in some areas the vegetation period was longer, in others it was not changed. However, in the area called Gießen-Koblenzer-Lahntal it became even shorter. A regionalized phenological model for the area 348 (Marburg-Gießener-Lahntal) during the decade 2041-2050 has been developed, using temperature predictions based on the data from meteorological station Gießen. The simulation proved that global warming will advance the phenological phases of the plants and will lengthen the vegetation period. As a consequence of the advancement of the phenological phases, the risk of late frost damage is likely to be present in the future and presumably will rise for some particular fruit species. Phenology is affected not only by global warming but also by rising atmospheric CO2 levels. Most of the investigated plants of the GiFACE graslandsite showed a shift in flowering in spite of the moderate CO2 enrichment used. In this case advancement and delay occurred. The flowering of Glechoma hederacea and Saxifraga granulata advanced significantly under enhanced CO2 concentration. This indicates that evergreen species benefit from the CO2 enrichment, when it is applied throughout the year, and that they are able to react with advanced development under these conditions. Large differences in the date of flowering from year to year suggest that the CO2 effect is modified by the climatic conditions. The impact of enhanced CO2 concentration on anatomical parameters and the stomatal resistance to water vapour were investigated for six species. Despite the moderate enhancement of CO2 concentration, these attributes did already exhibit a response. However, the reactions were different among the species investigated. The species Arrhenatherum elatius und Saxifraga granulata raised the stomatal resistance mainly through the reduction of the stomata density, while Glechoma hederacea did this through a reduction of the stomatal aperture. Glechoma hederacea showed in general a positive reaction to enhanced CO2 concentration concerning leaf thickness, leaf tissue density and leaf mass per area. In contrast, the responses of the other investigated species did not demonstrate such a consistent pattern. Glechoma hederacea is unique in showing a significant advancement of flowering and a significant enhancement of the stomatal resistance to water vapour under elevated CO2. Because the resulting reduction in transpiration may lead to increased leaf temperatures as well as on the entire canopy level, elevated CO2 might be responsible for phenological changes. Thus, the detected global warming effect is inseparable from the effect that rising CO2 levels have on these species. Die CO2-Konzentration ist seit 1750 von 280 ppm auf heute 375 ppm angestiegen und wird sich bis 2100 weiter auf 540-970 ppm erhöhen. Dieser Anstieg wirkt sich indirekt über die Erwärmung der Atmosphäre als auch direkt auf die Pflanzen aus. Ziel dieser Arbeit war daher die Auswirkung der Klimaerwärmung in den letzten 50 Jahren und der prognostizierten Klimaerwärmung auf die Pflanzenentwicklung sowie die Wirkung von moderat erhöhten CO2-Konzentrationen (+20 %) auf die Phänologie, die Anatomie und den Stomatawiderstand von Pflanzen zu untersuchen. Anhand der Auswertung phänologischer Daten landwirtschaftlicher Kulturpflanzen, Obstgehölzen und wildwachsenden Pflanzen der Jahre 1951 bis 2003 von 170 Stationen in Hessen konnte gezeigt werden, dass es in diesem Zeitraum zu Verschiebungen in der Pflanzenentwicklung gekommen ist. Der Eintritt phänologischer Phasen verfrühte sich im Mittel zwischen 0,4 bis 5,5 Tage/Dekade. Die Frühjahrsphasen zeigten dabei den stärksten Trend. Im Jahresverlauf nahm die Verfrühung der phänologischen Phasen ab. Regionale Unterschiede und gegensätzliche Trends in benachbarten Naturräumen zeigten sich in der Reaktion der Pflanzen (z.B. Blattseneszenz der Stiel-Eiche), aber auch in der Dauer der Vegetationsperiode. Während sich die Vegetationszeit in manchen Regionen verlängert hat, ist sie in anderen unverändert geblieben. Im Gießen-Koblenzer-Lahntal hat sie sich sogar verkürzt. Mit Hilfe von Modellen, basierend auf den Temperaturdaten eines Regionalisierungsmodells für die meteorologische Station Gießen, konnte beispielhaft für den Naturraum 348 (Marburg-Gießener-Lahntal) gezeigt werden, dass es aufgrund der prognostizierten Klimaerwärmung in der Dekade von 2041 bis 2050 zu weiteren Verfrühungen in der Pflanzenentwicklung und zur Verlängerung der Vegetationsperiode kommen wird. Die Verfrühung der Frühjahrsphasen hat zur Folge, dass die Gefahr von Spätfrost auch in der Zukunft vorhanden ist und für einige Obstarten wahrscheinlich noch ansteigt. Neben erhöhten Lufttemperaturen beeinflussen jedoch auch erhöhte CO2-Konzentrationen die Phänologie. So zeigte die überwiegende Anzahl der untersuchten Pflanzenarten eines Grünlandbestandes - trotz nur moderat erhöhten CO2-Konzentration - Verschiebungen im mittleren Blühbeginn, wobei sowohl Verfrühungen als auch Verspätungen auftraten. Eine signifikante Verfrühung unter erhöhten CO2-Konzentrationen konnte bei Glechoma hederacea und bei Saxifraga granulata beobachtet werden. Dies deutet darauf hin, dass immergrüne Arten von der ganzjährigen CO2-Anreicherung profitieren und mit einer schnelleren Entwicklung im Frühling reagieren. Große Unterschiede im Zeitpunkt des Blühbeginns lassen vermuten, dass der CO2-Effekt durch die Witterung modifiziert wird. Die Auswirkungen von erhöhten CO2-Konzentrationen auf anatomische Parameter und den Stomatawiderstand für Wasserdampf wurde beispielhaft an sechs Arten untersucht. Dabei reagierten die Pflanzen auf moderat erhöhte CO2-Konzentrationen unterschiedlich: Arrhenatherum elatius und Saxifraga granulata erhöhten den Stomatawiderstand für Wasserdampf hauptsächlich durch die Verringerung der Stomatadichte, Glechoma hederacea hingegen überwiegend durch eine Reduzierung der Öffnungsweite der Stomata. Im Bezug auf die Blattdicke, die Blattdichte und den LMA (leaf mass per area) zeigte Glechoma hederacea generell positive Reaktionen auf erhöhte CO2-Konzentrationen. Im Gegensatz dazu reagierten die anderen untersuchten Arten unterschiedlich. Als einzige Art zeigte Glechoma hederacea eine signifikante Verfrühung im Blühbeginn einhergehend mit einer signifikanten Erhöhung des Stomatawiderstandes für Wasserdampf. Verringerungen der Transpiration könnten zu erhöhten Blatt- und Bestandestemperaturen führen und damit Auswirkungen auf die Phänologie haben, so dass Klimaerwärmung und CO2-Effekt nicht trennbar sind.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Report 2021Publisher:Zenodo Authors: Plankenbühler, Thomas; Kolb, Sebastian; Herkendell, Katharina; Karl, Jürgen;This study summarises the scientific state of the art for the production, transportation, storage and reconversion of green hydrogen concisely and in the form of fact sheets. The aim is to provide a compact and independent overview that can serve as a guideline and basis of decision-making for future investments in the energy industry. The study discusses 47 technologies with different technology readiness levels and compares them in terms of technical and economic performance indicators. A set of uniform boundary conditions common to the energy industry allows to ensure comparability of economically relevant data (especially hydrogen production costs). In the study, technology profiles describe technologies with high technical relevance and availability as well as technologies with high technical potential but currently low availability. In each case, the state of development, operating principle, market situation as well as technical and economic risks are discussed. Additionally, a technology radar briefly presents technologies with currently unclear technical potential or technologies that are not yet available. Eine Studie im Auftrag der N-ERGIE Aktiengesellschaft
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess RoutesGreen 0 citations 0 popularity Average influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!
visibility 67visibility views 67 download downloads 67 Powered bymore_vert add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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