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Meddelelsen beskriver en enkelt beregningsmetode til bestemmelse af en bygnings samlede energibehov og miljøbelastningen målt som udledningen af CO2. Elforbruget til ventilation, apparatur og belysning beregnes, og der tages hensyn til dagslysudnyttelsen i erhvervsbygninger. I beregningen af nettovarmebehovet indgår bl.a. energibehovet til det varme brugsvand, unyttiggjorte rørtab fra det varmeproducerende anlæg, varmetilskud fra solvarmeanlæg samt årsnyttevirkningen for varmeanlæg. Beregninger for tre eksempelbygninger viser, at elforbruget giver det største bidrag til miljøbelastningen, og der er derfor behov for at fokusere kraftigt på elforbruget i fremtiden. Meddelelsen henvender sig til projekterende ingeniører og byggemyndigheder.

Meddelelsen beskriver en enkelt beregningsmetode til bestemmelse af en bygnings samlede energibehov og miljøbelastningen målt som udledningen af CO2. Elforbruget til ventilation, apparatur og belysning beregnes, og der tages hensyn til dagslysudnyttelsen i erhvervsbygninger. I beregningen af nettovarmebehovet indgår bl.a. energibehovet til det varme brugsvand, unyttiggjorte rørtab fra det varmeproducerende anlæg, varmetilskud fra solvarmeanlæg samt årsnyttevirkningen for varmeanlæg. Beregninger for tre eksempelbygninger viser, at elforbruget giver det største bidrag til miljøbelastningen, og der er derfor behov for at fokusere kraftigt på elforbruget i fremtiden. Meddelelsen henvender sig til projekterende ingeniører og byggemyndigheder.

Med nye glastilbygninger i ældre etageboligbyggeri kan man ud over bygningsmæssige forbedringer og lave vedligeholdelsesomkostninger opnå energibesparelser. I denne rapport er ni eksempler beskrevet og analyseret med hensyn til energibesparelse, brugsmæssige forhold og arkitektur. Der peges på væsentlige fejl og mangler, som kan undgås i fremtidige glastilbygninger. Rapporten henvender sig først og fremmest til projekterende arkitekter og ingeniører. New glass extensions to older housing blocks can contribute to energy saving in addition to building improvements and low maintenance costs. This report analyses and describes nine examples in relation to energy saving, utility value and architecture. Significant defects and deficiencies are indicated which can be avoided in future glass extensions. The report is primarily aimed at practising architects and engineers.

Med nye glastilbygninger i ældre etageboligbyggeri kan man ud over bygningsmæssige forbedringer og lave vedligeholdelsesomkostninger opnå energibesparelser. I denne rapport er ni eksempler beskrevet og analyseret med hensyn til energibesparelse, brugsmæssige forhold og arkitektur. Der peges på væsentlige fejl og mangler, som kan undgås i fremtidige glastilbygninger. Rapporten henvender sig først og fremmest til projekterende arkitekter og ingeniører. New glass extensions to older housing blocks can contribute to energy saving in addition to building improvements and low maintenance costs. This report analyses and describes nine examples in relation to energy saving, utility value and architecture. Significant defects and deficiencies are indicated which can be avoided in future glass extensions. The report is primarily aimed at practising architects and engineers.

RESUMÉ Environmental challenges caused by global warming and an increasing inequality between rich and poor, together with the diminishing role of the nation state, poses new challenges to today’s business environment. Many see Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR); meaning social and environmental sustainability in businesses, as one of the key solutions. CSR cannot be accomplished alone by businesses, which is why the term also includes involving the company’s various stakeholders. In Denmark people place high importance on CSR. However, according to existing theory, Danes do not respond well to direct communication about CSR activities. This means that companies cannot differentiate themselves through these initiatives, which is a dilemma for those that want to engage in CSR communication, but are afraid of a backlash in terms of being accused of greenwashing. Stakeholder involvement in CSR communication has been researched quantitatively, but not carried out in practice. On this basis, we explore how businesses can employ stakeholder involvement to communicate about their CSR activities in a way that makes sense for these various stakeholder groups. Thus, the research question consists of two parts: the process, which is stakeholder involvement, and the product, which is a CSR communication strategy. To carry out the research we have worked with Innocent, a company that makes smoothies and implements many CSR principles. We carried out four focus groups with the company’s stakeholders. In accordance with our social constructivist, phenomenological and action research orientation the overall objective was to treat the participants as co-producers of knowledge. The focus groups were based on dialogical theories and a Sense Making approach in order to create room for participation, and to take into account the power relations among participants. Furthermore, because CSR and CSR communication are complex concepts, the focus groups were structured around various creative exercises, which inspired the participants and their interaction. Our findings showed that a company’s context plays a major role for the perception of its CSR activities and the preferred CSR communication, and it is essential that the CSR efforts and communication are an integrated part of the company. Therefore, we cannot provide a ‘one size fits all’ CSR communication solution. Instead, we conclude that stakeholder involvement can be used to determine companies’ integrated CSR communication strategies and have created a practical guide for business to carry out this process. In this way, contextualized and integrated CSR communication can make sense for the various stakeholders.

RESUMÉ Environmental challenges caused by global warming and an increasing inequality between rich and poor, together with the diminishing role of the nation state, poses new challenges to today’s business environment. Many see Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR); meaning social and environmental sustainability in businesses, as one of the key solutions. CSR cannot be accomplished alone by businesses, which is why the term also includes involving the company’s various stakeholders. In Denmark people place high importance on CSR. However, according to existing theory, Danes do not respond well to direct communication about CSR activities. This means that companies cannot differentiate themselves through these initiatives, which is a dilemma for those that want to engage in CSR communication, but are afraid of a backlash in terms of being accused of greenwashing. Stakeholder involvement in CSR communication has been researched quantitatively, but not carried out in practice. On this basis, we explore how businesses can employ stakeholder involvement to communicate about their CSR activities in a way that makes sense for these various stakeholder groups. Thus, the research question consists of two parts: the process, which is stakeholder involvement, and the product, which is a CSR communication strategy. To carry out the research we have worked with Innocent, a company that makes smoothies and implements many CSR principles. We carried out four focus groups with the company’s stakeholders. In accordance with our social constructivist, phenomenological and action research orientation the overall objective was to treat the participants as co-producers of knowledge. The focus groups were based on dialogical theories and a Sense Making approach in order to create room for participation, and to take into account the power relations among participants. Furthermore, because CSR and CSR communication are complex concepts, the focus groups were structured around various creative exercises, which inspired the participants and their interaction. Our findings showed that a company’s context plays a major role for the perception of its CSR activities and the preferred CSR communication, and it is essential that the CSR efforts and communication are an integrated part of the company. Therefore, we cannot provide a ‘one size fits all’ CSR communication solution. Instead, we conclude that stakeholder involvement can be used to determine companies’ integrated CSR communication strategies and have created a practical guide for business to carry out this process. In this way, contextualized and integrated CSR communication can make sense for the various stakeholders.

[Resumé] Denne note tager udgangspunkt i Stern Review. Rapporten er på ca. 700 sider, og jeg vil ikke kunne gennemgå alt i denne. Fokus bliver lagt på især to områder, for det første den beslutningsteoretiske diskussion, og hvordan den iboende usikkerhed anvendes. For det andet hvilken betydning innovation og udvikling af ny teknologi har for at håndtere klimaproblematikken. Det bliver dermed gennem disse metodologiske briller, jeg vil analysere rapporten og perspektivere dens hovedbudskab og den kritik, den har mødt. Endelig vil denne note forsøge at indplacere rapporten i den strøm af vidnesbyrd, konklusioner på baggrund af disse vidnesbyrd, partsindlæg, policy anbefalinger som næsten dagligt fremkommer vedrørende klimaspørgsmål.

[Resumé] Denne note tager udgangspunkt i Stern Review. Rapporten er på ca. 700 sider, og jeg vil ikke kunne gennemgå alt i denne. Fokus bliver lagt på især to områder, for det første den beslutningsteoretiske diskussion, og hvordan den iboende usikkerhed anvendes. For det andet hvilken betydning innovation og udvikling af ny teknologi har for at håndtere klimaproblematikken. Det bliver dermed gennem disse metodologiske briller, jeg vil analysere rapporten og perspektivere dens hovedbudskab og den kritik, den har mødt. Endelig vil denne note forsøge at indplacere rapporten i den strøm af vidnesbyrd, konklusioner på baggrund af disse vidnesbyrd, partsindlæg, policy anbefalinger som næsten dagligt fremkommer vedrørende klimaspørgsmål.

Nærværende rapport beskriver modelforsøg med bølgeenergianlægget Wave Star.