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Udgivelsesdato: 18 november Oplæg

The earth’s environment has been, and is changing. Studies show that this change is mostly caused by the human contribution to global warming. We live in a world where people use more and more technology. This behavior of consumerism is a problem, if seen from a sustainable environmental point of view. More technology at home results in a higher energy consumption and therefore a higher production of energy. Most of the earth’s energy production is generated from non-sustainable sources, like fossil fuels, which affects the environment, often in harmful ways. In this project we have tried to create an artifact where the purpose is to change the behavior of especially people in the age of 17 to 30 into a more sustainable one. The artifact is a solar powered charger for mobile electronic devices. The solar panel is mobile, and has a display where the user can see his or hers production of energy. By using the solar panel for charging, the user produces sustainable energy as opposed to consuming energy from outlets in the house, which mostly come from non-sustainable sources. The idea behind the solar charger is to give an insight and change the behavior of the user into a more sustainable behaviour. In the project we have studied theories about sustainable design forwarded by Debra Lilley, nudge and think theories, social contexts theories, the theory of cradle to cradle and the theory of socio-technological systems and niche innovation. These theories have been used to develop the artifact and a folder. In this paper we have used qualitative methods. A test was carried out by interviewing two people who were test subjects for three days using the solar panel, in their daily routines regarding electronic mobile devices. This was followed up by another interview after the test period. Our research indicates an interest to change into a more sustainable behavior. We cannot see if any change in behavior emerged from using our artifact, but we see the use of the artifact as sustainable behavior.

Due to global warming and severe climate change the Danish government has, in the field of energy and agriculture, stated targets of reductions in GHG-emissions and increases in the amount of animal manure used for energy production. In order to reach these targets, this study investigates how straw as a sustainable residual product can be used in optimizing the biogas production in the Zealand Region. This leads to the following research question: What conditions must be present to establish a successful straw-based biogas plant, and how can these be transferred to both a further development and planning of a plant concept in Køng/Lundby? This question is examined based on empirical data from interviews, field trips and academic articles and is inspired by the method of technological backcasting in the structural approach. The conditions are initially identified and then transferred to a case analysis of how to develop a proposal for an economically profitable plant concept in the area of Køng/Lundby. The conditions are furthermore classified and processed in technologically/geographically and planning related aspects, in order to expose the planning process up until now, elaborating on the actors involved in the project. In closing, straw-based biogas plants, as a technology, is then analyzed in a reflective, innovative perspective, to give a critical view on the development of a straw-based biogas sector in Denmark and the uncertainties related to this. The conditions are identified as being; a stable resource base, all-year distribution options, a hammer mill EUB8000 unit as a pre-treatment technology, shorter digestion time and public involvement in the planning process, and the study concludes that the operational economic proposal posits a sufficient gas yield, natural gas price and a stable resource base and price. As a proposal to optimize the planning process, this study concludes that coalition thinking can be a tool in this context. Furthermore the study suggests that the local government, Vordingborg Municipality, will take on a more central and active role as project facilitator to ensure a better structured planning of a biogas plant in Køng/Lundby.

Energisektoren står over for store forandringer. Hvad rammer - og er sektoren klar til det?PhD-studerende Kirsten Hasberg fra AAU og SVP Søren Dupont Kristensen fra Energinet deltog begge i debatten på Green Energy Summit 2018, som blev arrangeret af Danmarks Grønne Investeringsfond. Hør nogle af deres pointer her.

Since the world’s fossil fuel resources are limited there is need for alternative fuel sources, as for example renewable energy. This could be bioethanol. Bioethanol is produced from crops containing sugar, starch or lignocelluloses. This energy source will be more consistent, because it is produced from organic material. The most accessible crops in Denmark are wheat, where the sugar is easily fermented, and straws which contain lignocelluloses. The advantage in using bioethanol is that it produces less contamination than fossil fuels. It is CO2-neutral and can contribute to a cleaner environment especially in the transportation sector. The problem we have chosen to address is: Which form of bioethanol production is the best to reduce the energy consumption and CO2-contamination in the Danish transportation sector? And what are the possibilities of a conversion of this? We have chosen to describe the research methodology in producing bioethanol and discuss the environmental consequences of bioethanol production. Furthermore we have interviewed people with expertise in different production methods of bioethanol, and analyzed reports on future alternative fuels in Europe with focus on “cradle-to-grave” analysis. In the first generation technology growing of crops has only one purpose; the production of bioethanol. Whereas in the second generation technology it is a residual product, which is used in the production and the residual product from this production can be used in combined heat-and-power and as animal feed. As a result second generation technology is best suited for the reduction of CO2-contamination and to reduce the consumption of energy. We have concluded that the first generation technology is the most promising way to start a market for bioethanol in Denmark and afterwards the most environmental beneficial way is by changing the production into second generation technology. In Denmark it would be possible to convert gas stations and refineries to cope with admixing of ethanol to gasoline. However this will require a onetime cost for conversion, improvement and cleaning of reservoirs and tank lorries. Flexi Fuel Vehicles are already existing. Da verdens fossile energi er ved at slippe op, er der behov for alternative brændstoffer, såsom vedvarende energikilder. Dette kunne være bioethanol. Bioethanol produceres ud fra sukker- og stivelseholdige råvarer samt råvarer, der indeholder lignocellulose. Derfor vil denne energikilde ikke blive udtømt, på samme måde som fossile brændsler. I Danmark vil oplagte råvarer være kornsorter som fx hvede, hvor sukkeret er let tilgængeligt, eller halm som er et restprodukt fra landbruget, som indeholder lignocellulose. Bioethanol har også den fordel at det ikke forurener lige så meget som fossile brændstoffer, da det er CO2-neutralt, og derved kan bidrage til et renere miljø, specielt i transportsektoren. Vi har valgt at arbejde ud fra følgende problemformulering: Hvilken form for produktion af bioethanol er den bedste til at nedsætte energiforbrug og CO2-udslip i den danske transportsektor? Og hvad er mulighederne for en omstilling af denne? Vores metode har været at beskrive de grundlæggende processer i fremstilling af bioethanol, og vurdere miljømæssige konsekvenser af bioethanolproduktionen. Vi har foretaget interviews med ekspertpersoner indenfor de forskellige områder af bioethanolfremstilling, og analyseret litteratur om fremtidens miljøforbedrende brændsler til transportsektoren i Europa, fokuseret på ”vugge-til-grav” analyser. Indenfor 1. generationsteknologien er dyrkning af en afgrøde kun til ét formål, nemlig til produktion af bioethanol. Hvorimod indenfor 2. generationsteknologien er der tale om et restprodukt, der bruges både til ethanolproduktion, ligesom restproduktet herfra igen kan benyttes til enten kraftvarme eller dyrefoder. Derfor er 2. generationsteknologien bedst egnet til at reducere CO2-udslippet og energiforbruget. Vi har diskuteret os frem til, at der er behov for 1. generationsteknologi for at få startet et marked for bioethanol i Danmark, og derefter miljømæssigt mere forsvarligt at gå over til 2. generationsteknologi. Vi mener, at det i Danmark vil være muligt at omstille tankstationer og raffinaderisektoren til at kunne håndtere iblanding af ethanol i benzin. Dette vil dog kræve en engangsudgift til omstilling, udbygning og rensning af tanke og tankbiler. Der findes køretøjer, der allerede kan køre på bioethanol, de såkaldte Flexi Fuel-biler.

Store og komplekse samfundsudfordringer er hverdagskost for mennesker i alle aldre og dét på mange områder; global sundhed, klima og miljø og også demografiske udfordringer omkring lige adgang til verdens ressourcer. Med andre ord; epokale nøgleproblemer i en antropocæn tidsalder – en tidsalder hvor mennesket påvirkning ser ud til at få alvorlige konsekvenser for klodens fremtid. I denne artikel sætter jeg fokus på grundskoles mulighed for at bygge lokale uddannelsesnetværk. Netværk, kan være med til at gøre en lille forskel gennem solide relationer og en vilje til at understøtte eleverne – som klodens aftagere – i at dannes til at tage bedre vare på vores hjem på kloden. Jeg henter viden fra nyeste forskning i STEM-netværk og peger, at skoler kan arbejde systematisk med deres lokale uddannelsesnetværk, for at fremme elevernes muligheder for at opbygge evnen til problemløsning og idéudvikling ud fra virkelige betydningsfulde udfordringer i samarbejde med lokale virksomheder og andre aktører. Big and complex societal challenges are common knowledge for people of all ages; global health, climate and environment and also demographic challenges around equal access to world resources. In other words; key epochal problems in an anthropocene age - an age where human influence seems to have serious consequences for the future of the planet.In this article, I focus on the ability of elementary schools to build local education networks. Networking can help make a difference through solid relationships and a willingness to support students in being formed to take better care of our planet. I on draw knowledge from the latest research in STEM networks and point out that schools can work systematically with their local educational network, to promote students' opportunities to build the ability for problem solving and idea development based on real significant challenges in collaboration with local companies and other actors.

Projektet taget udgangspunkt i en komparativ analyse af tre danske case kommuners medlemskab af Covenant of Mayors (Borgmesterpagten). Denne pagt er et frivilligt klimainitiativ fra EU, som kommunerne i Europa har mulighed for at underskrive. Dermed forpligter de sig bl.a. til, at gå længere end 20-20-20 målsætningen foreskriver. Inden et år efter underskrivelsen skal den kommunale instans have indsendt en Sustainable Energy Action Plan (SEAP), som er en strategisk plan, der forpligter den geografiske kommune, men kun er bindende for den kommunale instans. I projektet undersøges problematikken: ”Hvordan kan de danske kommuners arbejdsstrategier i forhold til deres medlemskab af Covenant of Mayors forbedres?” Problemformuleringen belyses ved brug af casestudier og kvalitative interviews af de tre danske kommuner – Solrød, Næstved og Helsingør, som alle tre er medlem af Covenant of Mayors (CoM). Derudover er der indsamlet empiri under EU’s Sustainable Energy Week i Bruxelles. Til brug for det teoretiske grundlag er der taget udgangspunkt i en manual udgivet at CoM. Derudover er der inddraget teorier omhandlende governance, multi- level governance og soft governance. Dette er gjort, da CoM har en utraditionel tilgang til styringsformer. For at belyse planlægningsvinklen tages der udgangspunkt i planlægningstyperne: Rationel instrumentale planlægning og interaktiv planlægning. Disse konkretiserer, hvilken tilgang de tre case kommuner har til deres planlægning. Med den tredelte analyse undersøges først, hvordan de kommunale instanser håndterer planlægningen ud fra SEAP-manualen fra CoM. Dernæst belyses, hvordan sammenspillet mellem medlemskabet til CoM og de danske kommuner fungerer. Til sidst analyseres, hvordan implementeringen og finansieringen af SEAP forløber og kan forbedres i de tre case kommuner. Under første del af analysen konkluders, at kommunerne søger konsulentbistand, og at der er forskellige tilgange til planlægningstyperne. Til den andel analysedel konkluderes, at der skal være politisk opbakning og flad struktur i kommunen for et godt sammenspil. Derudover skal der være samarbejde mellem borgere, erhvervsliv og på tværs af kommunens afdelinger, og det forbedrer samarbejdet at have lokalt kendskab og netværk i kommunen. Med den sidste del af analysen opstilles seks forbedringspunkter til implementeringen og finansieringen, som tager udgangspunkt i SEAP-manualen.

Energisektoren står over for store forandringer. Hvad rammer - og er sektoren klar til det?PhD-studerende Kirsten Hasberg fra AAU og SVP Søren Dupont Kristensen fra Energinet deltog begge i debatten på Green Energy Summit 2018, som blev arrangeret af Danmarks Grønne Investeringsfond. Hør nogle af deres pointer her.

This study investigate the possibilities of establishing a biogas plant in the county of Holbæk. Bioenergy Sjælland, a regional collaboration of municipalities and science institutions on Sealand, has made a pre feasibility assessment on some of the possibilities. The intention of this study is to deliver a more thorough investigation on the different possibilities and barriers for the establishment of the plant. Gislinge and Tuse are both feasible locations in the aspects of potentials of manure delivery, distance to the local gas net and traffic infrastructure. The limited amount of district heating in the county makes this a poor choice of usage for the biogas. The existing natural gas infrastructure can be use to transport the biogas, and is therefore ideal for delivering biogas to the customers, however the small heat consumption in the warm periods result in an overproduction of biogas in 5 months of the year. Alternativ patrons are thus needed in those periods. Deliverance to the high pressure natural gas infrastructure or a facility with smaller capacity and gas production are obvious choices. In order to find sufficient funding for the biogas plant, there needs to be an incentive for different investors, which is dependant on the economical operation of the plant and/or municipal regulations. The study have primarily investigated different financial possibilities for the municipality and local farmers. A premise of Bioenergy Sjælland’s assessment and thus for this this study is the locations, Tuse and Gislinge. However a study of possible locations outside of these areas is advised in order to ensure a holistic planning of the plant.