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COP15: Hvor stod den Afrikanske Union explores the position of the African Union (AU) at the international climate change negotiations, as expressed in the African Common Position on Climate Change (ACPCC). The position comprises the content of the ACPCC, the motives for their demands, and the obstacles the AU met during the negotiations at COP15. The conclusion of the report states that the AU was weakly positioned in the negotiations. The ACPCC is explored on base of the regimes, and the demands are found to be based on, among others, the Convention, the Bali Action Plan and reports from the IPCC. The analysis responds to the subjects behind the demands of the ACPCC, and is based on a hermeneutic epistemology. Therefore, understanding has been of great importance to the working process.

This paper examines how storytelling and literature plays a role in our understanding of, and thereby approach, to climate change. Based on the analysis of three literary works: ‘Naboplant-er’, ‘Akaciefrøenes Forfatter’ and ‘Havbrevene’ this paper dives into this question, by unfolding the different ways that nature is portrayed through these stories – and how this challenges the modernistic view of nature. Through a theoretical lens of Amitav Ghosh and Donna Haraway, this paper will start by examining our cultural and historical view of nature, and how the stories we tell plays a role in our understanding of climate change and the relationship between man and nature. Amitav Ghosh unfolds how the construction of the modernistic worldview, through its processes of imperialism and extractivism, has formed our reductionistic view of nature as an inert resource. Ghosh argues that this process has enabled the exploitation of nature as well as the suppression of indigenous voices, and how modernity thereby on one hand, has caused cli-mate change and, on the other hand, undermined the very foundation for telling “good” stories about it. Ghosh thereby suggests vitalism as an answer to the problems that arose with the mod-ernistic worldview; a more holistic view on nature, created through empathy with all living be-ings and nature in general. Donna Haraway offers a similar approach to the troubles of our time with her emphasis on ‘response-ability’ - the capability to live in kinship with all living beings through respect and the understanding of our interconnectedness - and also points to the im-portance of storytelling as a way to get there. This paper engages in a theoretical discussion of our selected literature, concluding with an exploration of whether our chosen literary works challenge the modernistic perspective of nature put forth by our theorists. Additionally, we ex-amine the influence of the narratives we construct on our approach to climate change. In conclu-sion, it is asserted that 'Naboplanter,' 'Akaciefrøenes Forfatter,' and 'Havbrevene' all contribute to the ongoing negotiation of how we perceive nature and our connection to it. As such, they play a significant role in shaping our response to the climate crisis.

The current focus on woody biomass in the European energy sector demands an urgent review of the present standards and procedures regarding the production of woody biomass. The key concepts driving woody biomass forward, as a promi-nent green energy source, are carbon neutrality and renewable energy. This pro-ject investigates the claimed upsides of woody biomass and determines whether this can be labeled sustainable. In order to assess the sustainability of woody bi-omass we develop a series of principles that aims to ensure a sustainable devel-opment within the field. Said principles are formulated through the Precaution-ary Principle as presented in the report Late lessons from early warnings pub-lished by the European Environmental Agency in 2001 and revised in 2013. This report concludes that woody biomass can be labeled as a sustainable energy source as long as the principles and criteria presented in this report are met.

Dette projekt tager udgangspunkt i frugt og grønt grossisten Prima Frugt i Greve Kommune. Med baggrund i virksomhedens ønske om at finde et alternativ til forbrænding af virksomhedens overskudsvarer, undersøger vi rammebetingelserne i det danske affaldssystem samt den igangværende liberalisering af affaldssektoren. Vi opstiller fire scenarier, der hver især indeholder forskellige forudsætninger og tekniske løsninger for at håndtere virksomhedens organiske affald. I en diskussion af affaldshierarkiets prioriteter og analyse af indsamlet kvalitativ og sekundær empiri, besvares problemformuleringen “Hvordan understøtter og begrænser organiseringen af affaldssektoren Prima Frugts interesse i at finde en mere ressourceeffektiv affaldshåndtering af deres overskudsvarer?”. Det konkluderes, at sporafhængighed i det nuværende affaldssystem samt liberaliseringens betydning for usikkerhed omkring kommunens ansvar, begge er barrierer for en ændring af håndteringen af virksomhedens overskudsvarer. Der er et potentiale i forskellige aftageres vilje til at aftage Prima Frugts overskudsvarer, men forekomsten af plastemballage i virksomhedens organiske affald er samtidig et gennemgående problem. Fejlinformation omkring gældende lovgivning er en barriere for, at virksomheden kan vælge en anden end nuværende affaldshåndtering. Korrekt oplysning og gennemsigtighed vil kunne bidrage til at virksomheden kan finde og vælge en mere ressourceeffektiv behandling af deres organiske affald.

Resumé Projektet undersøger mulighederne for en energiomstilling i Kilimanjaro regionen i Tanzania. Først undersøges den nuværende energisituation ud fra behovet for energi til madlavning og de anvendte energiteknologier hertil. Det er fundet, at den nuværende brug af tre-stens ildstedet og de forbedrede lerkomfurer, har nogle problematiske følger for helbredet, naturen i lokalområdet og miljøet. Et analytisk koncept kaldet ”trekantsanalysen” er udført, for at pege på en passende alternativ energiteknologi, der tager udgangspunkt i de lokale naturressourcer og slutbrugernes efterspørgsel. Analysen peger på et biogasanlæg som en alternativ energiteknologi. Netværket af aktører, der arbejder med at implementere de forbedrede lerkomfurer er også blevet analyseret, og har vist at den nuværende top-down tilgang i netværket har fejlet, fordi det ikke har taget højde for slutbrugernes efterspørgsel. Endvidere forsøger netværket at implementere forbedrede lerkomfurer, der som nævnt er problematisk på en række områder. En ny tilgang i og indretning af netværket er anbefalet for at implementere en passe energiteknologi i Kilimanjaro regionen. Abstract The project investigates the possibilities of a change in the energy supply situation in the Kilimanjaro Region in Tanzania. First of all, it investigates the current energy situation in terms of needs for energy related to cooking, and the technologies, which are currently used for this purpose. It is found that the current use of the three stone fireplace and improved firewood stove has some problematic impacts on health, nature and the environment. An analytical concept called ”the triangle analysis” has been carried out, in order to identify an appropriate alternative energy technology that correlates with the local natural resources and the needs for energy of the end users. The result pointed towards a bio digester as the alternative energy technology. A network of actors working collaborating with the implementing of improved firewood stoves is also investigated, and finds that the current top-down approach in the network is failing to take the needs of the end users into consideration. Furthermore, the network is pursuing an implementation of the improved firewood stoves, which is found to be problematic in a number of ways. A new approach in the network of actors is suggested in order to successfully implement a suitable alternative energy technology in the Kilimanjaro Region.

Dette projekt har til formål at undersøge, hvordan håndteringen af kildesorteret organisk dagrenovation (KOD), på nuværende tidspunkt, har indvirkning på, om der sker en bionedbrydning. Projektet arbejder ud fra et cirkulært økonomisk perspektiv, og undersøger således om KOD udsættes for bionedbrydning gennem affaldshåndteringen i landets kommuner og hos affaldsselskaberne. Problemformuleringen lyder som følgende:Hvordan kan KOD håndteres, således at bionedbrydningen mindskes samtidig med at det understøtter en cirkulær økonomisk tankegang?Projektet anvender to modeller til at beregne bionedbrydning og udslip af drivhusgasser, Påledal et al.’s 2018 analyseresultater for BMP-tab i KOD, og EPA-modellens beregning af udledninger ved depone-ringsanlæg. Således skabes der en forståelse for, i hvilke led en række parametre er med til at forøge bionedbrydningen, og heraf udledning af drivhusgasser. I forbindelse med vidensindsamling er der udført et interview med Henning Jørgensen fra Affaldskonto-ret ApS, samt tilsendt spørgeskema til tre medarbejdere fra hhv. ARC, Vestforbrændingen og Argo. Interviewet og svar på tilsendte spørgeskemaer har således været med til at underbygge påstande og bidraget med informationer, som har været relevante for beregninger. Resultaterne viser at kommunerne og affaldsselskaber ikke har undersøgt og forsøgt at mindske bioned-brydningen i forbindelse med håndtering af KOD. Dette leder til, at der i sær i affaldsspande ”Udenfor hjemmet” vil være et tab af biometanpotentialet i biomassen på samlet 13 %, hvilket svarer til en driv-husgasledning på 5312 tons CO2e. Dermed vil der være nogle miljømæssige skadevirkninger forbundet med nedbrydningen, samt et tab af biogas, som har en økonomisk effekt.Ved at der sker en bionedbrydning af KOD før det indføres i et biogasanlæg, svækkes de tre opstillede kriterier for cirkulær økonomi. 1) Udledninger af CH4 og CO2 svækker miljøeffekten af anvendelse af KOD 2) BMP-tabet svækker det økonomiske perspektiv og 3) et muligt kvælstofstab i processen skaber et større tab i produktionskæden.

We can not reduce our CO2 emissions in Denmark without the help from bioenergy. The challenge lies in finding alternative forms of energy, and not only in the development of technology, but also how we must make a balance between food, energy and the environment. A bioenergy source that we, don’t use, are the production of algae for biodiesel. Algae’s is in contrast to crops, not a competitor for food, and would not make the food prices go up. At the same time, are the cultering of algae, CO2-Neutral There are few photobioreactors, which is suitable for the production of algae bioenergy for today, but they face serious problems when scaled up. The main problems with the reactors are the gas exchange, light, light / dark zones and temperature. These problems reflect a lack of understanding of the algae as a biological creature. These problems are discussed here. If Denmark should cover the entire transport consumption, we have calculated, it would require an area of 29 percent of Denmark's total area, with a production over three months. At this stage it would not be worthwhile to start an algae production, in order to cover transportation consumption. Not even a little piece of it.

This project is an investigation of how one through a specific design concept can lead an audience to consider the relations between human beings, cities and nature. With a point of departure in discussions and comparisons of the avant-garde, street art, urban gardening, and guerilla gardening different aspects of the design are discussed – form, choice of material, and choice of location amongst others. Here, Michel de Certeau's distinction between strategy and tactic is introduced – and it is discussed, what characterizes these two levels, and where the design concept should be placed in this distinction. Furthermore, the paper includes a reflection on how performance designers can make use of different methods when developing a design concept – e.g. the use of an open process. However, most central is the discussion regarding how nature can be reintegrated into the city space and what consequences this could have.