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With the increasing demand for clean and renewable energy sources, the need for reliable offshore wind technologies is undeniable. Given the elevated costs of maintenance at sea, it is crucial to ensure the proper functioning of each of the components of the machine, therefore, proper validation is essential. This thesis presents a methodological approach on the validation of one of the actuators from the yaw system, responsible of keeping the turbine facing the wind at all times. Each actuator is comprised of an electric motor and a variable frequency drive (VFD), which have been tested in a back-to-back test bench, property of GE VERNOVA. First, two small motors have been evaluated to obtain their internal parameters and familiarise with the tools and procedures. Then, two 7.5 kW motors have been studied to ensure that they are capable for implementation in the wind turbine, and they have been compared to find the better candidate. The results have shown that the Bonfiglioli BE160M seems to present better features that the Nord 160M/6CUS in terms of torque capabilities, efficiency, and size. Nevertheless, more testing is desired to corroborate the results. In conclusion, opting for the Bonfiglioli motor could potentially improve the performance of the GE VERNOVA offshore turbines. As future work, it would be interesting to support the findings by simulating real wind loads on the back-to-back test bench and analysing thermal properties of each motor.

[eng] Developing advanced and efficient electrocatalytic energy conversion systems is of great and practical significance for propelling the efficient development of clean energy for the construction of new low-carbon power systems. Among them, electrocatalytic reduction reactions driven by renewable electricity to transform biomass-derived chemicals into biofuels and high value-added chemicals provide an effective way to improve the H/C ratio of biomass-derived chemicals and the stabilizations of bio-oil systems. However, the electrocatalytic reduction of organic compounds is more intricate compared to the electrocatalytic reduction of water molecules. It involves the adsorption of various organic functional groups, multi-step electron transfer, and the generation of organic intermediates. Meanwhile, organic electrocatalytic reduction calls for designing efficient, highly selective, and cost- effective electrocatalysts. During a series conversion process of raw biomass, aldehydes are believed to be particularly troublesome for the aldol condensation and polymerization reactions. To avoid them, hydrogenation processes are necessary. As an alternative to traditional high-pressure and -temperature processing, we choose electrochemistry that can operate in ambient conditions for the conversion of benzaldehyde (BZH), which was chosen as a typical biomass-derived chemical. Another reason for choosing BZH is that the hydrogenation products benzyl alcohol (BA) and hydrobenzoin (HDB) are important industrial chemicals. Based on the mentioned above, this work seeks to design highly efficient and high selective catalysts for the electrocatalytic conversion of the carbonyl group of BZH into BA, HDB or benzoic acid (BZA) in aqueous solution at pH＞5 (avoiding the deoxygenation product toluene). Additionally, this work screens the optimal reaction conditions for various products and speculates their most probable reaction pathways. Chapter 4 focused on the electrocatalytic reduction of BZH into BA. Pd nanoparticles supported on a nickel metal-organic framework (MOF), Ni-MOF-74, are prepared and their activity towards the ECH of BZH in a 3M sodium acetate-acetic acid (pH 5.2) aqueous electrolyte is explored. An outstanding ECH rate up to 283 µmol cm-2 h-1 with a Faradic efficiency (FE) of 76% is reached. Besides, higher FEs of up to 96% are achieved using a step-function voltage. Materials studio and density functional theory calculations show these outstanding performances to be associated with the Ni- MOF support that promotes H-bond formation, facilitates water desorption, and induces a favorable tilted BZH adsorption on the surface of the Pd nanoparticles. In this configuration, BZH is bonded to the Pd surface by the carbonyl group rather than through the aromatic ring, thus reducing the energy barriers of the elemental reaction steps and increasing the overall reaction efficiency. Chapter 5 focused on the electrochemical reduction of self-coupling of BZH to HDB using semiconductor electrocatalysts with nanosheet morphologies. The effects of electrode potential and electrolyte pH on BZH self-coupling reaction were comprehensively studied on several semiconductor electrocatalysts. A correlation is observed between their band gap and the electrochemical potential necessary to maximize selectivity towards HDB in alkaline medium, which we associate with the charge accumulation at the semiconductor surface. N-type CuInS2 provides the highest conversion rate at 0.3 mmol cm−2 h−1 with a selectivity of 98.5% at -1.3 V vs. Hg/HgO in aqueous alkaline solution pH=14. Additional density functional theory calculations demonstrate a lower kinetic energy barrier at the CuInS2 surface compared with graphitic carbon, proving its catalytic role in the self-coupling reaction of BZH. Based on the previous two works, we realize that even when selecting materials with poor HER performance, different voltages and pH values have a significant impact on the selectivity of HDB. This drives us towards the rational design of electrocatalysts for these two different reaction pathways. Chapter 6 employed material with exposed active sites Cu2S and the material Cu2S-OAm with ligands capped to catalyze the electrocatalytic reduction reaction of the biomass platform molecule BZH convert into BA and HDB. Cu2S particles are used as electrocatalysts for the BZH electrochemical conversion. We particularly analyze the effect of surface ligands, oleylamine (OAm), on the selective conversion of BZH to BA or HDB. The effect of the electrode potential, electrolyte pH, and temperature are studied. Results indicate that bare Cu2S exhibits higher selectivity towards BA, while OAm-capped Cu2S promotes HDB formation. This difference is explained by the competing adsorption of protons and BZH. During the BZH electrochemical conversion, electrons first transfer to the C in the C=O group to form a ketyl radical. Then the radical either couples with surrounding H+ to form BA or self-couple to produce HDB, depending on the available H+ that is in turn affected by the electrocatalyst surface properties. The presence of OAm inhibits the H adsorption on the electrode surface therefore reducing the formation of high-energy state Had and its combination with ketyl radicals to form BA instead promotes the outer sphere reaction for obtaining HDB. Finally, we turn our attention to the anodic reaction in chapter 7. The electrooxidation of organic compounds offers a promising strategy for producing value-added chemicals through environmentally sustainable processes. A key challenge in this field is the development of electrocatalysts that are both effective and durable. In this study, we grow gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) on the surface of various phases of titanium dioxide (TiO2) as highly effective electrooxidation catalysts. Subsequently, the samples are tested for the oxidation of BZH to BZA coupled with a hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). We observe the support containing a combination of rutile and anatase phases to provide the highest activity. The excellent electrooxidation performance of this Au-TiO2 sample is correlated with its mixed-phase composition, large surface area, high oxygen vacancy content, and the presence of Lewis acid active sites on its surface. This catalyst demonstrates an overpotential of 0.467 V at 10 mA cm-2 in a 1 M KOH solution containing 20 mM BZH, and 0.387 V in 100 mM BZH, well below the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) overpotential. The electrooxidation of BZH not only serves as OER alternative in applications such as electrochemical hydrogen evolution, enhancing energy efficiency, but simultaneously allows the generation of high-value byproducts such as BZA [spa] El desarrollo de sistemas de conversión de energía electrocatalítica avanzados es crucial para la energía limpia y un sistema energético de bajo carbono. La reducción electrocatalítica de productos químicos de biomasa mejora la relación H/C y estabiliza los aceites biológicos, aunque es compleja debido a la transferencia de electrones y generación de intermediarios. Es esencial diseñar electrocatalizadores eficientes y selectivos. La hidrogenación de aldehídos en la biomasa cruda es necesaria para evitar reacciones no deseadas. Se utilizó la electroquímica para convertir benzaldehído (BZH) en productos industriales valiosos como alcohol bencílico (BA) e hidrobencoína (HDB). Este trabajo diseñó catalizadores eficientes para convertir BZH en BA, HDB o ácido benzoico (BZA) en solución acuosa con pH ＞ 5, optimizando las condiciones de reacción. En el Capítulo 4, se usaron nanopartículas de Pd en un marco metal-orgánico de níquel (Ni-MOF-74) logrando una alta eficiencia faradaica (FE) y mejor adsorción de BZH. El Capítulo 5 estudió el acoplamiento de BZH a HDB con electrocatalizadores semiconductores, destacando el CuInS₂ de tipo N por su alta selectividad y eficiencia. En el Capítulo 6, se usaron partículas de Cu₂S con y sin oleylamine (OAm), mostrando que OAm promueve la formación de HDB al inhibir la adsorción de protones. El Capítulo 7 se enfocó en la electrooxidación de BZH a BZA usando nanopartículas de oro (Au NPs) en dióxido de titanio (TiO₂), logrando alta actividad y eficiencia energética, generando además subproductos valiosos. Programa de Doctorat en Electroquímica. Ciència i Tecnologia

A post-deposition in situ passivation strategy using a multi-functional molecular agent is reported with enhanced colloidal dispersibility of an environmentally-friendly AgBiS2 nanocrystal ink, achieving a PCE over 10% in a solar cell.

Industrial heat and cooling applications are an essential fraction of the overall energy demand, mainly produced by fossil fuels. Solar thermal energy production can satisfy such a need by adopting the High Vacuum Flat Plate Collectors (HVFPCs) and increasing their efficiency. The absorptance and emittance of Selective Solar Absorbers (SSAs) determine the thermal efficiency of HVFPCs. Being the absorptance already maximized, the thermal emittance of the absorber should be minimized to increase further the operating temperature of the collector and its efficiency. This research aims to reduce the thermal emittance of commercially available Selective Solar Absorber by depositing a thin silver film on the aluminium substrate. So, in this work, the thermal stability of a silver coating has been investigated, and a diffusion barrier layer has been adopted to stabilize the coating performance up to 360 degrees C. The low-emissive layer of Ag and a diffusion barrier of CrOx guarantees a decrease of 11% in thermal emittance at 200 degrees C of commercially available SSA deposited on aluminium. Further emittance reduction can be obtained by depositing a thin Ag film on both sides of the aluminium substrate before the SSA deposition, proving to be a promising way to enhance the efficiency of HVFPCs.

El cambio climático es un desafío polifacético que impacta profundamente en los entornos agrícolas, forestales y urbanos de todo el mundo. Esta tesis aborda la necesidad urgente de comprender y mitigar los efectos causados por el cambio climático, integrando la perspectiva ecológica y social. Así, analiza como la modelización socio-ecológica integrada puede mejorar la resiliencia y la capacidad de adaptación para hacer frente a los retos del cambio climático. Hasta ahora, las investigaciones han analizado los impactos del cambio climático dentro de marcos aislados, ya sea centrados en los impactos ecológicos o sociales. En esta conceptualización se ignora la interrelación de estos sistemas y no se consigue integrar el riesgo en su conjunto, adaptado al contexto ni identificar las oportunidades específicas. La tesis identifica este vacío en la evaluación socio-ecológica integrada bajo los riesgos climáticos, en diferentes contextos, poniéndolo al alcance tanto de científicos como de gestores del territorio. Esta investigación busca abordar este vacío generando estrategias resilientes y efectivas que mejoren la sostenibilidad a largo plazo. Impulsada por técnicas de razonamiento automático e inteligencia artificial, y alineada con los principios de la ciencia abierta y colaborativa, la metodología de esta tesis es innovadora e interdisciplinaria. Abarca el uso de modelos espacialmente explícitos adaptados al contexto, mediante datos de sensores remotos, el uso de sistemas de información geográfica y algoritmos avanzados de aprendizaje automático. Este marco metodológico permite un análisis detallado de interacciones complejas entre variables climáticas y ambientales de los sistemas socio-ecológicos. Los resultados de esta investigación destacan la eficiencia de la modelización integrada para comprender, pronosticar y mitigar los impactos potenciales del cambio climáticos. En los sistemas agrícolas, los modelos proyectan cambios en la dinámica ganadera, la lixiviación de nitrógeno y la salud de los pastos, lo cual lleva a prácticas de gestión integrales más sostenibles. En el sector forestal, los modelos de riesgo de incendios muestran una mayor precisión en la predicción de la probabilidad de incendios forestales y fundamentan las prácticas de gestión y prevención. El análisis urbano dentro de la tesis revela las claves de los efectos de enfriamiento de las zonas verdes, impulsando iniciativas de planificación urbana para ciudades más resilientes contra el aumento de las temperaturas. Los hallazgos de esta tesis identifican el papel crucial que ejerce la modelización estratégica en la comprensión y acción sobre los complejos desafíos que ejerce el cambio climático sobre los sistemas socio-ecológicos. Las implicaciones de esta investigación alcanzan ámbitos diversos y requieren apoyo de los agentes sociales para que se puedan desarrollar e implementar políticas de acción. Tales políticas podrán garantizar que los sistemas socio-ecológicos sean resilientes no solo ante los riesgos climáticos actuales, sino que también sean capaces de adaptarse a las condiciones climáticas futuras. Además, se pide un esfuerzo en promover la ciencia abierta, así como una colaboración transversal continúa para poder garantizar el desarrollo sostenible y la resiliencia de los sistemas socio-ecológicos a múltiples escalas. El canvi climàtic és un desafiament polifacètic que impacta profundament en els entorns agrícoles, forestals i urbans de tot el món. Aquesta tesi aborda la necessitat urgent de comprendre i mitigar els efectes causats pel canvi climàtic, integrant la perspectiva ecològica i social. Així, analitza com la modelització socioecològica integrada pot millorar la resiliència i la capacitat d'adaptació per fer front als reptes del canvi climàtic. Fins ara, les investigacions han analitzat els impactes del canvi climàtic dins de marcs aïllats, ja sigui centrats en els impactes ecològics o socials. En aquesta conceptualització s'ignora la interrelació d'aquests sistemes i no s'aconsegueix integrar el risc en el seu conjunt, adaptat al context ni identificar les oportunitats específiques. La tesi identifica aquest buit en l'avaluació socioecològica integrada sota els riscos climàtics, en diferents contextos, posant-lo a l’abast tant de científics com de gestors del territori. Aquesta investigació busca abordar aquest buit generant estratègies resilients i efectives que millorin la sostenibilitat a llarg termini. Impulsada per tècniques de raonament automàtic i intel·ligència artificial, alineada amb els principis de la ciència oberta i col·laborativa, la metodologia d'aquesta tesi és innovadora i interdisciplinària. Abasta l'ús de models espacialment explícits adaptats al context, mitjançant dades de sensors remots, l’ús de sistemes d'informació geogràfica i algorismes avançats d'aprenentatge automàtic. Aquest marc metodològic permet una anàlisi detallada d'interaccions complexes entre variables climàtiques i ambientals dels sistemes socioecològics. Els resultats d'aquesta recerca destaquen l'eficiència de la modelització integrada per a comprendre, pronosticar i mitigar els impactes potencials del canvi climàtics. En els sistemes agrícoles, els models projecten canvis en la dinàmica ramadera, la lixiviació de nitrogen i la salut de les pastures, la qual cosa porta a pràctiques de gestió integrals més sostenibles. En el sector forestal, els models de risc d'incendis mostren una major precisió en la predicció de la probabilitat d'incendis forestals i fonamenten les pràctiques de gestió i prevenció. L’anàlisi urbà dins de la tesi revela les claus dels efectes de refredament de les zones verdes, impulsant iniciatives de planificació urbana per a ciutats més resilients contra l'augment de les temperatures. Les troballes d’aquesta tesis identifiquen el paper crucial que exerceix la modelització integrada i estratègica en la comprensió i acció sobre els complexos desafiaments del canvi climàtic sobre els sistemes socioecològics. Les implicacions d'aquesta recerca abasten molts àmbits i requereixen suport dels agents socials perquè es puguin desenvolupar i implementar. Tals polítiques podran garantir que els sistemes socioecològics siguin resilients no sols davant dels riscos climàtics actuals sinó també capaços d'adaptar-se a les condicions climàtiques futures. A més, es demana un esforç en ciència oberta així com una col·laboració transversal continua per tal de poder garantir el desenvolupament sostenible i la resiliència dels sistemes socioecològics a múltiples escales. Climate change is a multifaceted challenge that impacts agricultural, forestry, and urban settings in deep ways throughout the world. This thesis addresses the pressing need to understand and mitigate risks caused by climate change from an overall perspective of integrating the ecological and social dimensions of the impacts. The central thesis question investigates the role that integrated socio-ecological modeling can play in enhancing resilience and adaptive capacity within these systems against climate change challenges. Current research typically analyses the impacts of climate change within isolated frameworks, focusing on either ecological or social impacts. The interrelationship between these systems is ignored in this conceptualization and fails to capture the overall risk and opportunities for adaptation. This thesis identifies a critical gap in the integrated assessment of climate risks and responses across different socio-ecological contexts by sharing solutions with scientists and land managers. This research seeks to address this gap by generating resilient and effective strategies that enhance the long-term sustainability of these systems. Empowered by AI-driven and machine reasoning techniques and in line with open and collaborative science, the methodology of this thesis is both innovative and interdisciplinary. It encompasses the use of spatially explicit models adapted to the context, by remotely sensed data, use of geographic information systems, and advanced machine learning algorithms. This methodological framework allows for a detailed analysis of the complex interactions between climate and environmental variables of socio-ecological systems. The results from this research highlight the efficiency of integrated modeling in understanding, forecasting, and mitigating potential impacts of climate change. In agricultural systems, the models project changes in livestock dynamics, nitrogen leaching, and pasture health, leading to integral sustainable management practices. In forestry, fire risk models show an increase in accuracy in predicting the probability of wildfires and better inform effective management and prevention practices. Urban analysis reveals clues to the cooling effects of green spaces, informing urban planning initiatives toward boosting city resilience to rising temperatures. The findings of this work identify the crucial role that strategic integrated modeling plays in understanding and acting upon the complex climate change challenges of socio-ecological systems. The implications of this research are significant, and call for policy support in terms of innovative technologies that can be developed and implemented collaboratively. Such policies will ensure that socio-ecological systems are fit not just for current climate risks but are also able to adapt to changing climatic conditions. Moreover, it calls for an effort to promote open science, as well as continued cross-cutting collaboration, to guarantee the sustainable development and resilience of social-ecological systems at multiple scales.

Digitalization trends in building management increasingly emphasize the creation of Digital Twins (DTs) for building management but often neglect how occupants interact with these technologies. This paper aims to explore the functionalities of building management systems based on occupant interactions with DTs. To achieve this, occupant preferences are investigated through a questionnaire survey conducted with 106 respondents from two case studies. The survey investigated participants’ interest in using DTs for various building management tasks, their familiarity with DTs and their demographic factors. Analysis results revealed that occupant’s interest in DTs is not significantly influenced by their prior knowledge or gender. Instead, providing access to DTs increased their interest in areas beyond their job roles, particularly in aspects related to comfort and environmental management. Younger participants showed a heightened interest in using DTs for environmental and energy management issues. The study also suggests that promoting occupant interaction with DTs can enhance productivity and satisfaction. This paper underscores the need for additional research to integrate smart technologies into building management with a focus on occupant involvement. It highlights the potential of DTs to improve real-time monitoring and support sustainability initiatives and thus, offers a more inclusive and effective alternative to traditional management tools. This work was supported by the Association Nationale de la Recherche et de la Technologie (ANRT) under the Grant CIFRE 2017/1782. Peer Reviewed

[ES] El sector industrial es responsable de una cantidad significativa de emisiones anuales de carbono, en gran parte debido a su elevado consumo de energía y a su dependencia de los combustibles fósiles para la producción de calor. Por tanto, es evidente que la utilización de fuentes de calor alternativas y renovables, como los colectores solares de concentración, representa una oportunidad prometedora para la descarbonización de este sector. Sin embargo, los sistemas de colectores solares dependen del recurso solar, que es una fuente de energía intermitente. Por ello, es necesario disponer de un sistema de almacenamiento de energía térmica (AET) que facilite el almacenamiento de la energía sobrante y su posterior utilización cuando sea necesario, garantizando así un suministro de calor más constante. Con el fin de demostrar la viabilidad de los sistemas solares térmicos para aplicaciones industriales, la empresa Solatom CSP instaló un campo solar experimental dentro del proyecto SOLPINVAP. Está compuesto por una serie de colectores modulares lineales Fresnel (CLF) y un kettle reboiler, que es un tipo de intercambiador de calor de carcasa y tubos. Esta tesis analiza el rendimiento del sistema en modo de generación indirecta de vapor. En este modo, el calor se absorbe en el interior de los tubos absorbedores mediante un fluido caloportador y se transfiere a la carcasa del kettle reboiler, donde se produce vapor. Además, esta tesis examina los circuitos hidráulicos y sus componentes del campo solar experimental, así como el sistema de control y el sistema de monitorización asociados al mismo. Además, se presenta el desarrollo de un modelo de sistema CLF de calor solar para procesos industriales (CSPI). El modelo se desarrolló en el entorno MATLAB orientado a objetos. Se desarrolló un modelo 3D del campo solar CLF dentro del entorno Tonatiuh (un software de trazado de rayos), lo que permitió estimar la eficiencia óptica máxima y los correspondientes modificadores del ángulo de incidencia de los colectores Fresnel. Los resultados demuestran que el calor absorbido en los colectores presenta una incertidumbre del 12%, mientras que el calor generado presenta una incertidumbre del 3%. Para reducir la incertidumbre inherente al cálculo del calor absorbido y generado, se realizó un estudio para seleccionar sensores y equipos de monitorización más precisos. Además, se realizó un trabajo de campo para instalar los equipos seleccionados, más precisos, en el campo solar SOLPINVAP. Los resultados de la monitorización demuestran que la incertidumbre en el calor absorbido se redujo en un 79% como consecuencia de la mejora en la instrumentación de medida. Como parte de este proyecto de tesis, se realizó una estancia de investigación en el Departamento de Ingeniería de Mecánica y Metalúrgica de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, en Santiago. El equipo de investigación anfitrión ha estado investigando la posible aplicación de AET de lecho compacto sólido con escoria de cobre, un subproducto del proceso pirometalúrgico del mineral de cobre, como medio de almacenamiento. Además, el equipo de investigación ha desarrollado un modelo matemático que simula el proceso termodinámico y de transferencia de calor asociado al flujo de aire y a las partículas sólidas. En consecuencia, el modelo del sistema de AET de lecho compacto sólido se ha integrado en el modelo del sistema CSPI para examinar su efecto en el rendimiento del sistema. Además, esta tesis examina la dinámica entre las temperaturas de los distintos componentes del sistema. En consecuencia, esta tesis presenta un diseño para un sistema integrado CSPI con AET de lecho compacto sólido. Los resultados demuestran que el sistema con el AET de lecho compacto sólido es capaz de generar un 18% más de energía que el sistema sin el AET de lecho compacto sólido. [CA] El sector industrial és responsable d'una quantitat significativa d'emissions anuals de carboni, en gran part a causa del seu alt consum d'energia i la dependència dels combustibles fòssils per a la producció de calor. Per tant, és evident que la utilització de fonts de calor alternatives i renovables, com la concentració de col·lectors solars, representa una oportunitat prometedora per a la descarbonització d'aquest sector. No obstant això, els sistemes de col·lectors solars depenen del recurs solar, que és una font d'energia intermitent. Per tant, és necessari disposar d'un sistema d'emmagatzematge d'energia tèrmica (TES) per facilitar l'emmagatzematge de l'energia sobrant i la seva posterior utilització quan sigui necessari, assegurant així un subministrament de calor més consistent. Per tal de demostrar la viabilitat dels sistemes solars tèrmics per a aplicacions industrials, l'empresa Solatom CSP va instal·lar un camp solar experimental dins del projecte SOLPINVAP. Comprèn una sèrie de col·lectors lineals modulars de Fresnel i un Kettle Reboiler, que és un tipus d'intercanviador de calor de carcassa i tubs. Aquesta tesi analitza el rendiment del sistema en mode de generació de vapor indirecte. En aquest mode, la calor s'absorbeix a l'interior dels tubs absorbents mitjançant l'ús d'un fluid de transferència de calor, i es transfereix a la capa del Reboiler, on es produeix vapor. A més, aquesta tesi examina els circuits hidràulics i els seus components del camp solar experimental, així com el sistema de control i el sistema de monitoratge associat a aquest. A més, es presenta el desenvolupament d'un model de sistema LFC per a processos industrials (SHIP). El model es va desenvolupar dins de l'entorn MATLAB orientat a objectes. Es va desenvolupar un model 3D del camp solar LFC dins de l'entorn Tonatiuh (un programari de rastreig de raigs), que permet estimar l'eficiència òptica màxima i els corresponents modificadors d'angle d'incidència dels col·lectors Fresnel. Els resultats demostren que la calor absorbida en els col·lectors mostra una incertesa del 12%, mentre que la calor generada mostra una incertesa del 3%. Per tal de reduir la incertesa inherent al càlcul de la calor absorbida i generada, es va realitzar un estudi per seleccionar sensors i equips de monitoratge més precisos. A més, es va realitzar un treball de camp per a instal·lar els equips seleccionats i més precisos en el camp solar SOLPINVAP. Els resultats de seguiment demostren que la incertesa en la calor absorbida es va reduir en un 79% com a conseqüència de la millora en la instrumentació de mesura. En el marc d'aquest projecte de tesi, es va realitzar una estada de recerca al Departament d'Enginyeria de Mecànica i Metalúrgica de la Pontifícia Universitat Catòlica de Xile, a Santiago. L'equip d'investigació amfitrió ha investigat la potencial aplicació de PBTES sòlids amb escòria de coure, un subproducte del procés pirometal·lúrgic del mineral de coure, com a medi d'emmagatzematge. A més, l'equip d'investigació ha desenvolupat un model matemàtic que simula el procés de transferència de calor i termodinàmica associat al flux d'aire i les partícules sòlides. En conseqüència, el model del sistema PBTES s'ha integrat en el model del sistema SHIP per a l'examen del seu efecte sobre el rendiment del sistema. A més, aquesta tesi examina la dinàmica entre les temperatures dels diferents components del sistema. En conseqüència, aquesta tesi presenta un disseny per a un sistema solar integrat amb sistema PBTES. Els resultats demostren que el sistema amb el PBTES és capaç de generar un 18% més d'energia que el sistema sense el PBTES. A més, es va dur a terme una anàlisi tecnoeconòmica utilitzant el sistema SHIP dissenyat amb PBTES. [EN] The industry sector is responsible for a significant amount of annual carbon emissions, largely due to its high energy consumption and reliance on fossil fuels for heat production. It is therefore evident that the utilisation of alternative and renewable heat sources, such as concentrating solar collectors, represents a promising opportunity for the decarbonisation of this sector. Nevertheless, solar collector systems are dependent on the solar resource, which is an intermittent source of energy. It is therefore necessary to have a thermal energy storage (TES) system to facilitate the storage of surplus energy and its subsequent utilisation when required, thereby ensuring a more consistent heat supply. In order to demonstrate the viability of solar thermal systems for industrial applications, the company Solatom CSP installed an experimental solar field within the SOLPINVAP project. It comprises a series of modular linear Fresnel collectors (LFC) and a kettle reboiler, which is a type of shell and tube heat exchanger. This thesis analyses the performance of the system in Indirect Steam Generation mode. In this mode, heat is absorbed inside the absorber tubes by using a heat transfer fluid, and transferred to the shell of the kettle reboiler, where steam is produced. Additionally, this thesis examines the hydraulic circuits and their components of the experimental solar field, as well as the control system and the monitoring system associated with it. Moreover, it is presented the development of a LFC solar heat for industrial process (SHIP) system model. The model was developed within the object-oriented MATLAB environment. A 3D model of the LFC solar field was developed within the Tonatiuh environment (a ray-tracing software), allowing for an estimation of the peak optical efficiency and the corresponding incidence angle modifiers of the Fresnel collectors. . The results demonstrate that the absorbed heat in the collectors exhibits an uncertainty of 12%, while the generated heat exhibits an uncertainty of 3%. In order to reduce the uncertainty inherent in the calculation of the absorbed and generated heat, a study was conducted to selected more precise sensors and monitoring equipment. Moreover, fieldwork was conducted to install the selected, more precise equipment at the SOLPINVAP solar field. The monitoring results demonstrate that the uncertainty in the absorbed heat was reduced by 79% as a consequence of the improvement in the measurement instrumentation. As part of this thesis project, a research stay was conducted at the Departamento de Ingeniería de Mecánica y Metalúrgica of the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, in Santiago. The host research team has been investigating the potential application of solid PBTES with copper slag, a by-product of the pyrometallurgical process of the copper ore, as a storage medium. Moreover, the research team has developed a mathematical model that simulates the thermodynamic and heat transfer process associated with the airflow and solid particles. Accordingly, the PBTES system model has been integrated into the SHIP system model for examination of its effect on the system performance. Furthermore, this thesis examines the dynamics between the temperatures of the different system components. Consequently, this thesis presents a design for an integrated SHIP with PBTES system. Moreover, it was determined that by modifying the air mass flow and the makeup water flow, the system is capable of maintaining a consistent and uninterrupted heat output throughout the operational duration. The results demonstrate that the system with the PBTES is capable of generating 18% more energy than the system without the PBTES. I would like to thank the Universitat Politècnica de València through the Research and Development Aid Program (PAID-01-20) for receiving the Research Fellowship FPI-UPV-2020. I would also like to acknowledge the "Programa de Movilidad para estudiantes de doctorado" of the Universitat Politècnica de València for providing financial support for my research stay.

The work of N. Mignoni was supported by the Italian Ministry of University and Research under the National Operating Programme for Research and Innovation 2014-2020, Action IV.5, Decree no. 1061/2021. J. MartinezPiazuelo gratefully acknowledges the Universitat Polit` ecnica de Catalunya and Banco Santander for the financial support of his predoctoral grant FPIUPC. The work of R. Carli was supported by the Apulia Region (Italy) under the Research for Innovation (REFIN) Call (Project no. C9A3735B). The work of J. Martinez-Piazuelo and C. Ocampo-Martinez was supported by the project PID2020-115905RB-C21 (L-BEST) funded by MCIN/ AEI /10.13039/501100011033. The work of N. Quijano was supported by the project BPIN 2021000100499, funded by CTeI- SGR and Minciencias, Colombia. The work of M. Dotoli was supported in part by the European Union Next-GenerationEU (National Recovery and Resilience Plan (NRRP), Mission 4 Component 2 Investment 1.3) under the NEST (Network 4 Energy Sustainable Transition) Extended Partnership (Italian Ministry of University and Research Decree no. 1561/2022, project no. PE00000021). Under the umbrella of non-cooperative game theory, we formulate a transactive energy framework to model and control energy communities comprised of heterogeneous agents including (yet not limited to) prosumers, energy storage systems, and energy retailers. The underlying control task is defined as a generalized Nash equilibrium problem (GNEP), which must be solved in a distributed fashion. To solve the GNEP, we formulate a Gauss-Seidel-type alternating direction method of multipliers algorithm, which is guaranteed to converge under strongly monotone pseudo-gradient mappings. As such, we provide sufficient conditions on the private cost and energy pricing functions of the community members, so that the strong monotonicity of the overall pseudo-gradient is ensured. Finally, the proposed framework and the effectiveness of the solution method are illustrated through a numerical simulation. © 2024 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works. Peer Reviewed