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SUSTAGRI4.0 will bring digital and marketing skills to small-scale farmers and agribusiness owners towards a sustainable and community-driven future. SUSTAGRI4.0 core aim is to promote a more sustainable agriculture and support sustainable agriculture businesses in their transition to Agriculture 4.0. This report, comprised from three clusters, the highlighting results of the study, focusing on the professional skills of the future European farming community build on the cornerstones of sustainability, digitalization, and entrepreneurship: Best practices at consortium level; digital survey; focus groups. The country analysis is based on critical research of relevant open sources, including, inter alia, data from national and regional/municipal organizations, law enforcement practice, formal education curriculum, scientific publications and NGOs reports. These desk studies have been of high importance for us, balancing academic findings, correcting views and seriously expanding our understanding of youth issues and related processes of digitalization. Moreover, they have served as a pool for ideas, inspiration and practical models for partner organizations [Cluster I]. Digital Survey recap the desk and case studies, providing valuable insights from our target groups – both from youth and stakeholders and enriching us with clarifying first-hand knowledge for preparing the next steps of our project [Cluster II]. Development of focus groups: Research on local producers & sustainable agricultural business owners and VET. After finishing the research phase (national level) has been completed, a number of best practices has been identified and described in order to compare official data and statistics with real implementation of abovementioned tools [Cluster III]

Treball Final de Grau en Finances i Comptabilitat. Codi: FC1049. Curs acadèmic: 2019/2020 In recent years there has been a rise in businesses investing in social and ethical issues. The sustainable development goals published in 2015 by the UN provide a globally agreed framework to make the world more sustainable. Companies have been given the opportunity to help the environment and society through their actions whilst increasing their value and return and improving their reputation. A method for doing so is by following the principles of responsible investment and incorporating environmental, social and governance criteria into long-term businesses strategies. Spanish banks are actively working to achieve the sustainable development goals by investing in sustainable finance, social projects, housing programmes, etc. to meet societal needs whilst extending their market scope and achieving corporate growth and financial success. The main focus of their actions lays with two specific goals: ending poverty and providing decent work and economic growth for all.

Water scarcity is a critical environmental issue worldwide, especially in arid and semiarid regions. In those regions, climate change projections suggest further reductions in freshwater supplies and increases of the recurrence, longevity and intensity of drought events. At present, one important question for policy debate is the identification of water management policies that could address the mounting water scarcity problems. Suitable policies should improve economic efficiency, achieve environmental sustainability, and meet equity needs. This paper applies an integrated hydro-economic model that links a reduced form hydrological component, with economic and environmental components to such issues. The model is used to make a direct comparison of three water management alternatives, water markets, water pricing and institutional policies, based on their economic, environmental and equity outcomes. The analysis is performed in the Jucar Basin of Spain, which is a good natural experiment for studying the policies to confront water scarcity and climate change. Results indicate that both institutional and water market policies are good instruments to smooth the economic damage costs of droughts, achieving almost the same social benefits. However, the environmental effects of water markets are worrying. Another important finding is that water pricing is the worst policy option not only in terms of private and environmental benefits but also in terms of equity.

Cities today are the scene of major problems linked to air pollution, resource consumption, and inequality. The Agenda 2030 for Sustainable Development proposes a roadmap for the transition to more resilient and sustainable city models. This challenge can only be met through systemic innovation, which produces technological, social, environmental, and cultural changes. The integration of nature-based technologies is a tool for the transformation of the current city model. This essay analyses the international context of sustainable development in cities, and the different possibilities for transforming urban space, with the final aim of making a concrete contribution to solutions that guarantee the fulfilment of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), decarbonise the current model, and ensure the participation of citizens in the process. TECHNE - Journal of Technology for Architecture and Environment, TECHNE: Special Series Vol. 2

SUSTAGRI4.0 will bring digital and marketing skills to small-scale farmers and agribusiness owners towards a sustainable and community-driven future. SUSTAGRI4.0 core aim is to promote a more sustainable agriculture and support sustainable agriculture businesses in their transition to Agriculture 4.0. This report, comprised from three clusters, the highlighting results of the study, focusing on the professional skills of the future European farming community build on the cornerstones of sustainability, digitalization, and entrepreneurship: Best practices at consortium level; digital survey; focus groups. The country analysis is based on critical research of relevant open sources, including, inter alia, data from national and regional/municipal organizations, law enforcement practice, formal education curriculum, scientific publications and NGOs reports. These desk studies have been of high importance for us, balancing academic findings, correcting views and seriously expanding our understanding of youth issues and related processes of digitalization. Moreover, they have served as a pool for ideas, inspiration and practical models for partner organizations [Cluster I]. Digital Survey recap the desk and case studies, providing valuable insights from our target groups – both from youth and stakeholders and enriching us with clarifying first-hand knowledge for preparing the next steps of our project [Cluster II]. Development of focus groups: Research on local producers & sustainable agricultural business owners and VET. After finishing the research phase (national level) has been completed, a number of best practices has been identified and described in order to compare official data and statistics with real implementation of abovementioned tools [Cluster III] Erasmus + project: 2021-2-IE01-KA220-VET-000049494

SUSTAGRI4.0 will bring digital and marketing skills to small-scale farmers and agribusiness owners towards a sustainable and community-driven future. SUSTAGRI4.0 core aim is to promote a more sustainable agriculture and support sustainable agriculture businesses in their transition to Agriculture 4.0. This report, comprised from three clusters, the highlighting results of the study, focusing on the professional skills of the future European farming community build on the cornerstones of sustainability, digitalization, and entrepreneurship: Best practices at consortium level; digital survey; focus groups. The country analysis is based on critical research of relevant open sources, including, inter alia, data from national and regional/municipal organizations, law enforcement practice, formal education curriculum, scientific publications and NGOs reports. These desk studies have been of high importance for us, balancing academic findings, correcting views and seriously expanding our understanding of youth issues and related processes of digitalization. Moreover, they have served as a pool for ideas, inspiration and practical models for partner organizations [Cluster I]. Digital Survey recap the desk and case studies, providing valuable insights from our target groups – both from youth and stakeholders and enriching us with clarifying first-hand knowledge for preparing the next steps of our project [Cluster II]. Development of focus groups: Research on local producers & sustainable agricultural business owners and VET. After finishing the research phase (national level) has been completed, a number of best practices has been identified and described in order to compare official data and statistics with real implementation of abovementioned tools [Cluster III] Erasmus + project: 2021-2-IE01-KA220-VET-000049494

To reduce greenhouse gas emissions European countries have primarily relied on two polices: carbon taxes and the Emissions Trading Scheme. A growing body of research has studied the effect that these policies have had on the macroeconomy, including on inflation. However, current literature has concentrated on the effect of these policies on the mean inflation rate, ignoring the effect on unlikely but extreme inflation outcomes. To the best of our knowledge, our paper is the first to study the effect of EU carbon policies on the distribution of inflation. We perform panel quantile regressions on 17 European countries and find that the Emissions Trading Scheme price and carbon tax growth predict the mean and upper 10% of the inflation distribution contemporaneously. We then estimate impulse response functions to examine how these policies affect the distribution of inflation into the future. Los países europeos se han basado en dos políticas para reducir sus emisiones: impuestos a las emisiones y el comercio de permisos de emisión. Aunque efectivas, estas políticas no son inocuas al relacionarse con la inflación. No obstante, la literatura se ha concentrado en el efecto sobre la media, ignorando el efecto sobre las colas de la inflación (niveles inflacionarios poco probables pero extremos). Para estudiar el efecto de estas políticas sobre la distribución de la inflación, implementamos regresiones por quintiles adaptadas un panel de 17 países y encontramos que ambas políticas predicen solamente la media y el 10% superior de la distribución. Además, estimamos funciones de respuesta al impulso mediante proyecciones locales para examinar cómo afectan la distribución en el futuro. Treball fi de màster de: Master's Degree in Specialized Economic Analysis: Macroeconomic Policy and Financial Markets. Curs 2021-2022 Supervised by: Luis Rojas and Hugo Rodríguez

This special issue of ‘CSIC Investiga. Journal of Science’ shows the performance of the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) within the EU R&D framewok programme Horizon 2020. It presents reportages on research projects about Qur’an heritage in Europe, the exploration of Mars, the new robots that assist people, more efficient parasites controls in fishery, new sustainable packaging, methods to trace asymptomatic tuberculosis transmisión, and the historic legacy of the Senegal’s region of Pathiana, among others. Head of Communication: Abel Grau; Editorial board: Esther M. García Pastor, Alejandro Parrilla García; Writers: Lucía Casas Piñeiro, Isidoro García Cano, Esther M. García Pastor, Carmen Fernández, Ana Iglesias, Mónica Lara del Vigo, Silbia López de Lacalle, Víctor Lloret Blackburn, Alejandro Parrilla García, Belén Remacha; Photography: César Hernández, Álvaro Muñoz Guzmán, Joan Costa, Artur Martínez y Pau Franch; Translation: Fabiola Barraclough.

Electricity access is key in driving socio economic development. Since Ghana initiated its National Electrification Scheme (NES) 20 years ago, access has risen to 72%, with over 88,000 communities yet to be electrified. From 2006 to 2008, the Multifunctional Platform (MFP) programme provided mechanical energy services based on diesel engines in 38 off-grid communities; yet these communities are rich in agricultural residues. International experience has shown that decentralised power generation by biomass gasification systems is cost competitive for remote villages with low load demand, and has the lowest environmental impact as compared to other conversion technologies. Additionally, the Ghanaian Renewable Energy Law sets forth the possibility for distribution utilities to benefit from renewable energy obligations in investments conducted in rural areas. This study was commissioned to investigate the prospects of electricity service provision based on biomass gasification technology. To this end, the feasibility of using agricultural residues to run a 24 hour mini-grid electricity service has been characterised in five MFP communities in Ghana (Brong Ahafo and Northern regions). The institutions involved in this study, TEC-KNUST, KITE and IS.UPC are partners in the diffusion of sustainable energy solutions, as a key action to eradicate energy poverty in the region. Proceedings of the 22nd European Biomass Conference and Exhibition, 23-26 June 2014, Hamburg, Germany, pp. 1632-1639