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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Rossi, Tuomas; Erhart, Paul; Kuisma, Mikael;

    This upload includes the data presented and analyzed in the article "Hot-Carrier Generation in Plasmonic Nanoparticles: The Importance of Atomic Structure" by Tuomas P. Rossi, Paul Erhart, and Mikael Kuisma. The codes for reproducing the data are provided at doi:10.5281/zenodo.3964229. See README.md in data.zip for a detailed description.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ ZENODOarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    ZENODO
    Dataset . 2020
    License: CC BY SA
    Data sources: Datacite
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    ZENODO
    Dataset . 2020
    License: CC BY SA
    Data sources: Datacite
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    ZENODO
    Dataset . 2020
    License: CC BY SA
    Data sources: ZENODO
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Smithsonian figshare
    Dataset . 2020
    License: CC BY SA
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ ZENODOarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      ZENODO
      Dataset . 2020
      License: CC BY SA
      Data sources: Datacite
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      ZENODO
      Dataset . 2020
      License: CC BY SA
      Data sources: Datacite
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      ZENODO
      Dataset . 2020
      License: CC BY SA
      Data sources: ZENODO
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Smithsonian figshare
      Dataset . 2020
      License: CC BY SA
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Korva, Meri;

    Tämän Pro Gradu tutkimuksen tavoite on selvittää, miten sidosryhmäyhteistyö voi auttaa kestävyyden johtamista kompleksisessa kaupunkikehityshankkeessa, sekä edistää sidosryhmäyhteistyöhön liittyvää tutkimusta, joka on saanut rakennusalalla toistaiseksi liian vähän huomiota. Akuutti tarve entistä kestävämmälle kehitykselle yhdistettynä yhä jatkuvaan kaupungistumiseen osoittaa, että alalla tarvitaan lisää sekä teoreettista ymmärrystä että tehokkaita käytännön toimia, jotta urbaani kasvu voi jatkua ilman lisääntyviä ympäristöön ja yhteiskuntaan kohdistuvia haittavaikutuksia. Kaupunkikehitys tuo yhteen laajan kirjon toimijoita ja yksittäisen kaupunkikehityshankkeen sidosryhmäkenttä näyttäytyy entistä laajempana ja kompleksisempana. Näin ollen tarvitaan yhä enemmän yhteistyötä moninaisten toimijoiden kesken. Vastausta siihen, miten sidosryhmäyhteistyö voi auttaa kehittämään kestävyyden johtamista kompleksisessa kaupunkikehityshankkeessa on etsitty tässä tutkimuksessa kirjallisuuskatsauksen ja kaksivaiheisen empiirisen tiedonkeräysvaiheen avulla, jossa mukana oli niin sisäisiä sidosryhmiä case-projekti Trigonista kuin myös asiantuntijoita kestävän kaupunkikehityksen kentältä. Kestävyyteen liittyvää kompleksisuutta on tarkasteltu tässä tutkimuksessa pirullisten ongelmien diskurssin avulla. Tämä lähestymistapa osoittautui soveltuvaksi risteykseen, jossa kohtaavat rakennushankkeiden perinteiset ja tehokkaat lineaariset ongelmanratkaisumallit, sekä se kompleksisuus ja ne epävarmuudet, jotka kestävän kehityksen integroiminen tuo mukanaan. Tässä tutkimuksessa hyödynnettiin konseptuaalista viitekehystä, joka rakentui kuuden tunnistetun epävarmuuskategorian ympärille. Sen avulla tarkasteltiin pirullisille ongelmille ominaista dikotomiaa pirstaleisuuden ja koherenssin välillä. Näin pyrittiin selvittämään, miten kestävyyden integroimisen pirullista ongelmaa tulisi käsitellä kompleksisten kaupunkikehityshankkeiden kontekstissa. Tutkimuksen perusteella tehokas ja tavoitteellinen sidosryhmäyhteistyö on olennaista kollektiivisen älykkyyden valjastamisessa ja koherenssin rakentamisessa. Se ei kuitenkaan yksin riitä torjumaan pirstaloitumista, vaan tarvitsee tuekseen soveltuvan kestävyyden johtamisen viitekehyksen, joka huomioi projektien elinkaaren. The aim of this Master’s Thesis study is to uncover how a stakeholder engagement approach might improve the overall sustainability management of complex urban development projects, and contribute to sustainability management research in the area of stakeholder engagement that calls for additional attention, particularly in the construction field. The urgent need for sustainability transition coupled with the on-going process of urbanization, suggests that both theoretical insight and effective practical action is needed to ensure that urban growth can be decoupled from detrimental environmental and societal effects. Urban development brings together a host of actors, and the stakeholder field of any given urban development project is wide and increasingly complex, leading to a need for collaboration among a host of heterogeneous actors. An answer to how stakeholder engagement can help with sustainability management in complex construction projects is sought in this study through a review of relevant literature and a two-part empirical data collection involving the internal stakeholders of the case project, Trigoni, and expert stakeholders in the field of sustainable urban development. The complexity inherent to sustainability is examined here through the wicked problems discourse. This approach is determined particularly suitable for the intersection between the linear problem-solving models traditionally – and successfully – applied in construction projects for general management purposes and the complexity and uncertainties that come with sustainability-incorporation. A conceptual framework structured around six identified categories of uncertainty is utilized in this study to explore the dichotomy between fragmentation and coherence and to discover how the wicked problem of sustainability-incorporation should be dealt with in the context of complex urban development projects. Based on this study it seems that stakeholder engagement, when carried out in an effective and goal-directed manner, is essential to harnessing collective intelligence and boosting coherence. Yet, it is not enough in itself to prevent fragmentation and should therefore be accompanied by an appropriate sustainability management frame- work that takes project life-cycle into account.

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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Jyväskylä University...arrow_drop_down
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Ruggiero, Salvatore;

    The engagement of civil society actors in energy generation can be defined by the term community energy. Community energy initiatives have increased in several countries. This thesis aims at better understanding how this phenomenon emerges and how it can contribute to the decarbonization of our economy. For this purpose, a multi-level perspective on socio-technical transitions and strategic niche management theory were employed as theoretical lenses. The research material consisted of 75 qualitative interviews, a survey of 26 distributed energy experts, and a panel data study of 66 large electric utilities from various countries. Thematic, narrative, regression and descriptive statistical analysis were utilized to analyse the data collected. The main findings showed that four main development patterns are triggering the rise of community energy projects. They are: (a) the characteristics of individuals, (b) social needs, (c) economic factors and (d) policy factors. The type of drivers behind community energy development is linked to the possibilities for scaling up the sector. Along with the drivers, some barriers were also identified. These included the resistance of incumbent regime actors to renewable energy diffusion, regulation and, in a few cases, technology performance. Regression analysis and the Granger test for causality showed that this resistance of incumbent energy firms was due to the negative correlation between an increase in renewable energy production and firms’ long-term financial performance. The thesis concluded that community energy could have an important role to play in the ongoing energy transition. Its impact, however, is contingent on the degree of internal niche development and on the ways the community energy niche will engage with important regime actors such as energy companies, governments, and network operators. This work contributed to better understanding the factors influencing the development of socio-technical niches in the case of non-market driven innovation and the reasons that lead to the locking-up of energy regimes. In the future, researchers should make further attempts to uncover the ways in which regimes can be unlocked and social innovation for sustainability diffused.

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    VIRTA
    Doctoral thesis . 2018
    Data sources: VIRTA
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      VIRTA
      Doctoral thesis . 2018
      Data sources: VIRTA
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    Authors: Hämäläinen, Iida;

    Tämän tutkimuksen tarkoitus on tutkia ja analysoida kestävyyden ulottuvuuksia ja suomalaisten eduskuntapuolueiden mielipiteitä ja arvoja liittyen kestävään kehitykseen. Käytin tutkimuksessa esimerkkeinä ruoka- ja ilmastopolitiikkaa, koska ne ovat sellaisia politiikan sektoreita, joilla edistetään kaikkia kestävyyden ulottuvuuksia (taloudellinen, sosiaalinen ja ympäristöllinen kestävyys). Käytin kaksivaiheista aineistonkeruumenetelmää, jossa yhdistin puolistrukturoitua haastattelua ja kyselyä suomalaisille kansanedustajille. Kerätyn aineiston pohjalta tutkin suomalaisten puolueiden kestävyysajatuksia verraten perinteiseen vasemmisto-oikeistojakaumaan. Ensin järjestin viisi haastattelua. Haastateltavat olivat joko puoluesihteereitä tai muita puolueiden työntekijöitä. Kerätyn aineiston pohjalta muodostin kyselyn suomalaisille kansanedustajille. 28 kansanedustajaa kuudesta eri puolueesta vastasi kyselyyn. Sekä haastatteluilla, että kyselyllä kerätty materiaali analysoitiin hyödyntämällä sisällönanalyysia. Analyysin tuloksena vastasin tutkimuskysymyksiin, jotka käsittelevät puolueiden sijoittumista poliittisille jakaumille, sekä puolueiden välisiä eroja kestävyysasenteissa ja arvoissa. The aim of this thesis is to explore and analyze the dimensions of sustainability, and the attitudes and values of Finnish parliamentary parties’ relation with these topics. I use food policy and climate policy as an example of a political sectors, where all the sustainability’s dimensions (economic, social and environmental) are practiced. I used two-phased data-collection, which includes five semi-structured interviews, and survey for the members of the Finnish Parliament. With collected data, I will study sustainability attitudes of Finnish political parties in relation to traditional left-right political spectrum. First, five semi-structured interviews were constructed. Interviewees were either secretary generals of the party or other employees. With the data gotten from the interviews, I formed survey for MPs. 28 MPs from six different parties responded for the survey. Collected data was analyzed with content analysis. By analysis, I answered to the research questions, which considered the positioning of the parties on political spectrums, and the differences of parties’ attitudes and values.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Jyväskylä University...arrow_drop_down
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    Authors: Kramb, Jason;

    Nanotechnology has an increasingly large impact on a wide range of industries, but its current use in the production of electricity and heat from biomass is limited. This thesis examined the potential impact of nanotechnology on bioenergy production through a literature review and interviews with industry members. Current technologies and methods in use were reviewed, with a focus on fuel handling and combustion systems. Areas in which problems existed were identified and nanotechnologies with properties relevant to those problems examined. The major nanotechnology areas which were reviewed are nanostructured coatings (wear resistant, corrosion resistant, low friction and anti-icing), nanomembranes for gas separation, nanostructured catalysts for emission reductions, thermoelectrics and thermophotovoltaics. Basic economic analyses were also performed to determine conditions for economic viability of the nanotechnology solutions. The thesis concludes that while there are many areas which have promising technologies in development, there are no clear nanotechnology solutions which can be implemented cost effectively at the current time. Recommendations for future work are also made.

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    Authors: Huopana, Tuomas;

    Energy efficient solutions for six farm biogas production was found by calculating mass and energy balance in different scenarios. Raw materials in biogas production were cow manure and grass silage that were produced in these farms. There were calculated mass and energy balances on average for one year biogas prouduction that consisted of grass silage production, raw material transportation and biogas production in the biogas plant. In addition, direct greenhouse gases from biogas production were estimated. The direct mass and energy flows were calculated. It turned out that one input energy unit can produce 5.0 to 5.5 energy units as heat and electricity. Biogas reactor consumed heat from 42 to 66 % of the produced electricity. The electricity consumption in the biogas plant was from 12 to 18 % of the produced electricity. Energy consumption in the raw material transportation was from 7 to 14 % of the produced electricity. Energy consumption in the grass silage production was from 11 to 16 % of the produced electricity. In the electricity production the heat is also produced that should be utilized to keep the total energy balance positive. If the heat utilizer would not considered, the direct carbon dioxide emissions and the energy consumption in transportation could be decreased by one third. The energy consumption in the grass silage production consisted of an energy consumption in the field and a transportation energy consumption between farms and their field blocks. It turned out that the transportation energy consumption can be even more than half of the energy consumption in the field. By replacing mineral fertilizers with digestate, it could be possible to half the need of mineral fertilizers from present situation.

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    Authors: Savo, Riikka;

    Tässä pro gradu -tutkielmassa käsitellään sitä, miten kriisiviestintä ja personointi vaikuttavat asiakasluottamukseen energiakriisin aikana. Euroopan energiakriisi on seurausta useista tapahtumista; esimerkiksi koronapandemia ja Ukrainan sota sekä sen myötä kohonneet kaasun hinnat ovat tutkimusten mukaan merkittäviä tekijöitä kriisin taustalla. Energiakriisi on vaikuttanut ja tulee vaikuttamaan asiakkaiden kokemuksiin sähköyhtiöistä. Tämä johdattaa tutkielman aiheen äärelle: mikä on kriisiviestinnän ja personoinnin rooli, kun tarkoituksena on rakentaa ja ylläpitää asiakasluottamusta energiakriisin aikana? Vaikuttaako moderaattorimuuttuja asiakassuhteen pituus siihen, miten viestintä ja personointi vaikuttavat asiakasluottamukseen? Tämä tutkielma tuo arvoa energia-alan toimijoille, sillä aihe on erityisen ajankohtainen ja merkittävä, eikä sitä ole aiemmin tutkittu läpikotaisesti. Tutkielma tarjoaa toimijoille ohjeita markkinointi- ja viestintätoimiensa parantamiseen kriisin aikana ja sen jälkeen. Tutkimus pohjautuu tilanteelliseen kriisiviestintäteoriaan (SCCT), jonka pyrkimyksenä on auttaa organisaation maineen ylläpitämistä kriisin ilmetessä. Tutkimuksen tulokset ehdottavat, että vaikka energiakriisi on johtanut aiempaa korkeampaan sähkön hintaan, case-yhtiön asiakkaat ovat silti pääosin melko tyytyväisiä yhtiöön erityisesti luottamuksen näkökulmasta. Tutkielma näyttää, että kriisin aikana ja sen jälkeen alalla toimivien yritysten tulee osoittaa asiakkailleen, minkälaista lisäarvoa he voivat tuoda esimerkiksi parantamalla ja jakamalla ammattitaitoaan sekä kehittämällä palveluitaan asiakkailleen hyödyllisemmiksi. Lisäarvon tarjoaminen ja avoin dialogi asiakkaiden kanssa auttavat rakentamaan ja ylläpitämään luottamusta. Viestinnän osa-alueella tarvittava muutos todettiin sekä asiakaskyselyn että asiantuntijahaastattelujen perusteella. Analyysit näyttävät, että kriisiviestintä ja palvelun laadun parantaminen personoinnin keinoin nostavat asiakasluottamusta. Asiakassuhteen pituuden merkitys moderaattorimuuttujana ei vahvistunut tutkielman analyyseissa. Tämä tutkielma on niin kutsuttu ”case-tutkimus”, jota on rahoittanut suomalainen sähköyhtiö Lumme Energia. Yhtiön kuluttaja-asiakkaille tarjottiin mahdollisuus jakaa ajatuksiaan osallistumalla digitaaliseen monivalintakyselyyn helmikuussa 2023. This thesis examines how crisis communication and personalization affect consumer trust during a crisis. The European energy crisis is a major consequence of various causes, such as the COVID-19 pandemic and the war in Ukraine. The crisis has affected, and will continue to affect, consumers’ perceptions of electricity companies, which leads to the topic of this thesis: what is the role of crisis communication and personalization when seeking to build and maintain consumer trust during the energy crisis? Is the impact of crisis communication and personalization moderated by relationship length? As the phenomenon itself is highly current and the crisis has not been studied very thoroughly yet, this thesis brings value to the operators in the electricity industry by advising them on how to improve their marketing and communication during and after the crisis. This study builds on the situational crisis communication theory (SCCT) that seeks to help companies manage their reputation when a crisis emerges. The results of the study suggest that while the energy crisis has led to increasing electricity prices, the case company’s customers are still mainly satisfied, especially in terms of trust in the company. The analysis explains the causes of consumer trust and how it can be improved by utilizing the methods of crisis communication and personalization. It was found that during and after the crisis, it will be increasingly important for companies to show their customers the additional value that they bring by, for example, improving and sharing expertise and developing the company’s services so that they are more beneficial for the customers. Providing additional value and focusing on transparency and open dialogue will help build and maintain consumer trust. A need for change in communication was recognized in both the survey and interviews. It was found that effective crisis communication and improved service quality through personalization increase consumer trust. The moderating effect of relationship length was not supported. This thesis is case-related, and it is funded by a Finnish electricity company Lumme Energia, whose customers were given an opportunity to share their perceptions of the company by taking part in a digital multiple-choice survey in February 2023.

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    Authors: Nieminen, Eini;

    Seksuaalivalinta aiheuttaa yksilöiden välille kilpailua parittelukumppaneista, minkä johdosta osa yksilöistä lisääntyy toisia enemmän. Elinkiertoteorian mukaan yksilöt eivät niukkojen resurssien vuoksi pysty tehokkaasti kohdentamaan energiaa samanaikaisesti useisiin toimintoihin, kuten kasvuun, selviytymiseen ja lisääntymiseen. Ikä, suuri koko ja näyttävät seksuaaliornamentit ovat seksuaalivalinnassa menestyvän yksilön merkkejä, sillä tällaisilla yksilöillä riittää energiaa elintärkeiden toimintojen lisäksi myös lisääntymiseen. Tavallisesti ne menestyvätkin parhaiten kilpailussa parittelukumppaneista. Nuoret tai huonokuntoiset yksilöt voivat kuitenkin turvautua vaihtoehtoisiin lisääntymisstrategioihin välttääkseen suoraa kilpailua dominoivien yksilöiden kanssa ja parantaakseen lisääntymismenestystään. Tässä tutkimuksessa perehdyttiin nuorten teerikukkojen (Tetrao tetrix) soidinvireyden ajoittamiseen vertaamalla 1-vuotiaiden ja aikuisten kukkojen soidinkäyttäytymistä eli läsnäoloa ja tappeluaktiivisuutta, sekä morfologisten ominaisuuksien eli ruumiinpainon ja pyrstön pituuden vaikutusta soidinkäyttäytymiseen. Mittava pitkäaikaisaineisto kerättiin vuosina 2003–2013 kolmelta keskisuomalaiselta soitimelta. Aineisto analysoitiin lineaarisia sekamalleja (GLMM) hyväksikäyttäen. Eniten soitimella läsnä olleiden nuorten kukkojen havaittiin ajoittavan soidinvireytensä aikuisia kukkoja myöhemmin. Tätä vaihtoehtoista lisääntymisstrategiaa noudattavat nuoret kukot olivat paitsi ahkerasti läsnä soitimella, myös aktiivisia tappelijoita ja kooltaan suurempia kuin muut 1-vuotiaat kukot. Todennäköisesti nämä nuoret kukot pystyivät panostamaan soidinkauteen huomattavasti ikätovereitaan enemmän, mutta kuitenkin aikuisia kukkoja vähemmän, minkä johdosta ne ehkä hyötyivät myöhemmästä soidinvireyden ajoituksesta eniten. Nuorten kukkojen vaihtoehtoinen lisääntymisstrategia voi asettaa lisää valintapaineita myös aikuisille kukoille hidastamalla kilpailun vähenemistä soidinkauden lopulla. Tämä tutkimus osoittaakin epäsuorasti, että niin sanotulla kestävyyskilpailulla (”endurance rivalry”) voi olla sijansa teeren seksuaalivalinnassa. Sexual selection generates competition over mates producing differences in reproductive success between individuals. The life history theory predicts that because of scarce resources individuals face the problem in allocating energy to different functions such as growth, survival, and reproduction. As a consequence, older age, large body size, and impressive sexual ornaments are the common characters of dominant individuals, who are often superior in competition over mates thus enjoying the highest reproductive success. Nevertheless, young or unfit individuals may have alternative mating strategies which assist them to avoid competition with superior individuals and increase their reproductive success. In this study timing of reproductive effort as a potentially alternative mating strategy of young lekking black grouse (Tetrao tetrix) males was investigated. The behavioural (lek attendance and fighting rate) features of yearling and adult males were compared, and the effect of morphological (body mass and tail length) traits on the behaviour were studied. The large long-term dataset was gathered in years 2003–2013 from three study sites, and analysed by generalized linear mixed effects models (GLMM). Yearling males, who were the most present on the lek arena, scheduled their reproductive effort later in the lekking season compared to adult males. The yearling males showing this alternative mating strategy proved to be of a high quality: compared to other yearlings, they were diligently present on the lek arena, fought actively and had larger body mass. Probably they were able to invest substantially more to the lekking season than most of the yearlings, but less than adults, and therefore profited from the alternative mating strategy. Later timing of effort in yearling males may also set more selection pressure for adult males by delaying the decrease of intensive competition in the end of the lekking season. Hence, this study supports indirectly the idea that endurance rivalry may operate on black grouse leks.

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    Authors: Markkanen, Noora;

    Elinkaariarviointia, josta käytetään myös lyhennettä LCA, voidaan käyttää monin eri tavoin liiketoiminnassa arvonluomisessa. Eräs tavoista on hyödyntää elinkaariarvioinnista saatua tietoa tuotteiden ympäristövaikutusten arviointiin konsultointityökalun muodossa. Tämä Pro gradu –tutkielma tarkastelee, mitä arvonluontimetodeja elinkaariarviointiin liittyy, tuottaako StickyX:n konsultointityökalu nimeltä SustainX yritykselle arvoa, missä arvo luodaan, mitkä ovat konsultointityökalun edut ja heikkoudet ja onko tutkimuksessa havaittavissa kokemuksiin liittyviä maantieteellisiä eroja. Pro gradua varten suoritettiin strukturoitu monivalintakysely, jonka pohjalta tehtiin kuvaileva analyysi vallitsevasta elinkaariarvioinnin käytöstä ja SustainX –työkalun lisäarvon tuot-topotentiaalista. Tutkimus osoitti, että SustainX tuottaa lisäarvoa StickyX-yritykselle ja arvonluomisen potentiaali riippuu liiketoiminnan loppukäyttöalueesta, yritystyypistä ja maantieteellisestä sijainnista. Konsultointityökalun pääedut liittyvät brändimieliku-vaan, tuotteiden ympäristöystävällisyyteen ja markkinointiin kun taas pääheikkoudet liittyvät kohderyhmän kiinnostuksen puutteeseen, työkalun toimintamalliin ja liiketoimintaalueiden epätasaiseen tukemiseen. Tämä tutkielma tukee elinkaariarvioinnin hyödyntämisen tutkimusta ja tuottaa tietoa käytön maantieteellisistä eroista. Koska analyysi keskittyy lähinnä konsultointityökalun luomaan lisäarvoon, jää tutkimuskenttään edelleen tarve uudelle tutkimukselle liittyen muihin elinkaariarvioinnin arvonluonti-menetelmiin sekä niiden mahdollisiin maantieteellisiin eroihin. Life cycle assessment, also known as LCA, can be used in multiple ways to create value. One of the value creation methods is using LCA based information as a consultancy tool to analyse the environmental performance of products. This Master’s thesis investigates what are the value creation methods of LCA, whether and where the consultancy tool by StickyX called SustainX tool creates value to StickyX’s business, what are the benefits and weaknesses and whether there are geographical differences in the experiences. A qualitative, descriptive study based on structured multiple-choice questionnaire was conducted to reveal existing usage of LCA and the added value potential of the SustainX tool. The results revealed that the SustainX tool creates added value to StickyX’s business. Further analysis clarified that the added value creation potential differs depending on business end-use area, company type and region. The main benefits of the SustainX tool are support for brand image, information about environmental performance and promotion for sustainable products whereas the main weaknesses are lack of interest from printers, tool format being internal instead of external and uneven support for different business areas. This Master’s thesis contributes to the research of LCA usage and provides knowledge about geographical differences on utilising LCA. However, this study is only focused on value creation through using LCA as a consultancy tool and thus there is a need for future research on geographical differences on other value creation methods.

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    Authors: Hokkanen, Aija;

    The clothing and textile industry is one of the most problematic in terms of sustainability: the production value chain harbours a multitude of environmental and social problems, and the rampant success of fast fashion has made consumers buy more clothes than ever in an accelerating pace. To combat these adverse impacts and drive the sustainability transition in the industry circular bioeconomy strategies, practices, and models such as substituting textile materials currently used with more sustainable biobased alternatives should be implemented. These novel textiles have shown great promise in their environmental attributes in increasing the positive climate impact of both the clothing industry and the forest-based industry as well. This paper discusses the consumer perceptions on three selected Finnish novel wood-based textiles. The in-depth views on attributes consumers associate with wood-based textiles and that affect purchase decisions in terms of textiles in addition to the main barriers of purchasing wood-based textiles were examined in three focus group interviews with 13 participants. The results show that consumers perceived these textiles positively overall, but the use of wood raised concerns of deforestation and biodiversity loss. The recyclability of these novel textiles somewhat reduced the concerns. The main attributes of textiles influencing purchase decisions were feel and quality, where price had a diminished affect regarding the novel textiles. The main barrier for purchasing wood-based clothing was the lack of knowledge, which created other barriers such as doubt and uncertainty about the product and its sustainability. The barrier could be overcome, and the novel textiles more easily accepted by emphasizing the circular economy aspects of the novel wood-based textiles or focusing the marketing and communication of the textiles to other more purchase determining factors such as quality.

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    Authors: Rossi, Tuomas; Erhart, Paul; Kuisma, Mikael;

    This upload includes the data presented and analyzed in the article "Hot-Carrier Generation in Plasmonic Nanoparticles: The Importance of Atomic Structure" by Tuomas P. Rossi, Paul Erhart, and Mikael Kuisma. The codes for reproducing the data are provided at doi:10.5281/zenodo.3964229. See README.md in data.zip for a detailed description.

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    ZENODO
    Dataset . 2020
    License: CC BY SA
    Data sources: Datacite
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    ZENODO
    Dataset . 2020
    License: CC BY SA
    Data sources: Datacite
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    ZENODO
    Dataset . 2020
    License: CC BY SA
    Data sources: ZENODO
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    Smithsonian figshare
    Dataset . 2020
    License: CC BY SA
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      ZENODO
      Dataset . 2020
      License: CC BY SA
      Data sources: Datacite
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      ZENODO
      Dataset . 2020
      License: CC BY SA
      Data sources: Datacite
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      ZENODO
      Dataset . 2020
      License: CC BY SA
      Data sources: ZENODO
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      Smithsonian figshare
      Dataset . 2020
      License: CC BY SA
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    Authors: Korva, Meri;

    Tämän Pro Gradu tutkimuksen tavoite on selvittää, miten sidosryhmäyhteistyö voi auttaa kestävyyden johtamista kompleksisessa kaupunkikehityshankkeessa, sekä edistää sidosryhmäyhteistyöhön liittyvää tutkimusta, joka on saanut rakennusalalla toistaiseksi liian vähän huomiota. Akuutti tarve entistä kestävämmälle kehitykselle yhdistettynä yhä jatkuvaan kaupungistumiseen osoittaa, että alalla tarvitaan lisää sekä teoreettista ymmärrystä että tehokkaita käytännön toimia, jotta urbaani kasvu voi jatkua ilman lisääntyviä ympäristöön ja yhteiskuntaan kohdistuvia haittavaikutuksia. Kaupunkikehitys tuo yhteen laajan kirjon toimijoita ja yksittäisen kaupunkikehityshankkeen sidosryhmäkenttä näyttäytyy entistä laajempana ja kompleksisempana. Näin ollen tarvitaan yhä enemmän yhteistyötä moninaisten toimijoiden kesken. Vastausta siihen, miten sidosryhmäyhteistyö voi auttaa kehittämään kestävyyden johtamista kompleksisessa kaupunkikehityshankkeessa on etsitty tässä tutkimuksessa kirjallisuuskatsauksen ja kaksivaiheisen empiirisen tiedonkeräysvaiheen avulla, jossa mukana oli niin sisäisiä sidosryhmiä case-projekti Trigonista kuin myös asiantuntijoita kestävän kaupunkikehityksen kentältä. Kestävyyteen liittyvää kompleksisuutta on tarkasteltu tässä tutkimuksessa pirullisten ongelmien diskurssin avulla. Tämä lähestymistapa osoittautui soveltuvaksi risteykseen, jossa kohtaavat rakennushankkeiden perinteiset ja tehokkaat lineaariset ongelmanratkaisumallit, sekä se kompleksisuus ja ne epävarmuudet, jotka kestävän kehityksen integroiminen tuo mukanaan. Tässä tutkimuksessa hyödynnettiin konseptuaalista viitekehystä, joka rakentui kuuden tunnistetun epävarmuuskategorian ympärille. Sen avulla tarkasteltiin pirullisille ongelmille ominaista dikotomiaa pirstaleisuuden ja koherenssin välillä. Näin pyrittiin selvittämään, miten kestävyyden integroimisen pirullista ongelmaa tulisi käsitellä kompleksisten kaupunkikehityshankkeiden kontekstissa. Tutkimuksen perusteella tehokas ja tavoitteellinen sidosryhmäyhteistyö on olennaista kollektiivisen älykkyyden valjastamisessa ja koherenssin rakentamisessa. Se ei kuitenkaan yksin riitä torjumaan pirstaloitumista, vaan tarvitsee tuekseen soveltuvan kestävyyden johtamisen viitekehyksen, joka huomioi projektien elinkaaren. The aim of this Master’s Thesis study is to uncover how a stakeholder engagement approach might improve the overall sustainability management of complex urban development projects, and contribute to sustainability management research in the area of stakeholder engagement that calls for additional attention, particularly in the construction field. The urgent need for sustainability transition coupled with the on-going process of urbanization, suggests that both theoretical insight and effective practical action is needed to ensure that urban growth can be decoupled from detrimental environmental and societal effects. Urban development brings together a host of actors, and the stakeholder field of any given urban development project is wide and increasingly complex, leading to a need for collaboration among a host of heterogeneous actors. An answer to how stakeholder engagement can help with sustainability management in complex construction projects is sought in this study through a review of relevant literature and a two-part empirical data collection involving the internal stakeholders of the case project, Trigoni, and expert stakeholders in the field of sustainable urban development. The complexity inherent to sustainability is examined here through the wicked problems discourse. This approach is determined particularly suitable for the intersection between the linear problem-solving models traditionally – and successfully – applied in construction projects for general management purposes and the complexity and uncertainties that come with sustainability-incorporation. A conceptual framework structured around six identified categories of uncertainty is utilized in this study to explore the dichotomy between fragmentation and coherence and to discover how the wicked problem of sustainability-incorporation should be dealt with in the context of complex urban development projects. Based on this study it seems that stakeholder engagement, when carried out in an effective and goal-directed manner, is essential to harnessing collective intelligence and boosting coherence. Yet, it is not enough in itself to prevent fragmentation and should therefore be accompanied by an appropriate sustainability management frame- work that takes project life-cycle into account.

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    Authors: Ruggiero, Salvatore;

    The engagement of civil society actors in energy generation can be defined by the term community energy. Community energy initiatives have increased in several countries. This thesis aims at better understanding how this phenomenon emerges and how it can contribute to the decarbonization of our economy. For this purpose, a multi-level perspective on socio-technical transitions and strategic niche management theory were employed as theoretical lenses. The research material consisted of 75 qualitative interviews, a survey of 26 distributed energy experts, and a panel data study of 66 large electric utilities from various countries. Thematic, narrative, regression and descriptive statistical analysis were utilized to analyse the data collected. The main findings showed that four main development patterns are triggering the rise of community energy projects. They are: (a) the characteristics of individuals, (b) social needs, (c) economic factors and (d) policy factors. The type of drivers behind community energy development is linked to the possibilities for scaling up the sector. Along with the drivers, some barriers were also identified. These included the resistance of incumbent regime actors to renewable energy diffusion, regulation and, in a few cases, technology performance. Regression analysis and the Granger test for causality showed that this resistance of incumbent energy firms was due to the negative correlation between an increase in renewable energy production and firms’ long-term financial performance. The thesis concluded that community energy could have an important role to play in the ongoing energy transition. Its impact, however, is contingent on the degree of internal niche development and on the ways the community energy niche will engage with important regime actors such as energy companies, governments, and network operators. This work contributed to better understanding the factors influencing the development of socio-technical niches in the case of non-market driven innovation and the reasons that lead to the locking-up of energy regimes. In the future, researchers should make further attempts to uncover the ways in which regimes can be unlocked and social innovation for sustainability diffused.

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    VIRTA
    Doctoral thesis . 2018
    Data sources: VIRTA
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      VIRTA
      Doctoral thesis . 2018
      Data sources: VIRTA
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    Authors: Hämäläinen, Iida;

    Tämän tutkimuksen tarkoitus on tutkia ja analysoida kestävyyden ulottuvuuksia ja suomalaisten eduskuntapuolueiden mielipiteitä ja arvoja liittyen kestävään kehitykseen. Käytin tutkimuksessa esimerkkeinä ruoka- ja ilmastopolitiikkaa, koska ne ovat sellaisia politiikan sektoreita, joilla edistetään kaikkia kestävyyden ulottuvuuksia (taloudellinen, sosiaalinen ja ympäristöllinen kestävyys). Käytin kaksivaiheista aineistonkeruumenetelmää, jossa yhdistin puolistrukturoitua haastattelua ja kyselyä suomalaisille kansanedustajille. Kerätyn aineiston pohjalta tutkin suomalaisten puolueiden kestävyysajatuksia verraten perinteiseen vasemmisto-oikeistojakaumaan. Ensin järjestin viisi haastattelua. Haastateltavat olivat joko puoluesihteereitä tai muita puolueiden työntekijöitä. Kerätyn aineiston pohjalta muodostin kyselyn suomalaisille kansanedustajille. 28 kansanedustajaa kuudesta eri puolueesta vastasi kyselyyn. Sekä haastatteluilla, että kyselyllä kerätty materiaali analysoitiin hyödyntämällä sisällönanalyysia. Analyysin tuloksena vastasin tutkimuskysymyksiin, jotka käsittelevät puolueiden sijoittumista poliittisille jakaumille, sekä puolueiden välisiä eroja kestävyysasenteissa ja arvoissa. The aim of this thesis is to explore and analyze the dimensions of sustainability, and the attitudes and values of Finnish parliamentary parties’ relation with these topics. I use food policy and climate policy as an example of a political sectors, where all the sustainability’s dimensions (economic, social and environmental) are practiced. I used two-phased data-collection, which includes five semi-structured interviews, and survey for the members of the Finnish Parliament. With collected data, I will study sustainability attitudes of Finnish political parties in relation to traditional left-right political spectrum. First, five semi-structured interviews were constructed. Interviewees were either secretary generals of the party or other employees. With the data gotten from the interviews, I formed survey for MPs. 28 MPs from six different parties responded for the survey. Collected data was analyzed with content analysis. By analysis, I answered to the research questions, which considered the positioning of the parties on political spectrums, and the differences of parties’ attitudes and values.

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    Authors: Kramb, Jason;

    Nanotechnology has an increasingly large impact on a wide range of industries, but its current use in the production of electricity and heat from biomass is limited. This thesis examined the potential impact of nanotechnology on bioenergy production through a literature review and interviews with industry members. Current technologies and methods in use were reviewed, with a focus on fuel handling and combustion systems. Areas in which problems existed were identified and nanotechnologies with properties relevant to those problems examined. The major nanotechnology areas which were reviewed are nanostructured coatings (wear resistant, corrosion resistant, low friction and anti-icing), nanomembranes for gas separation, nanostructured catalysts for emission reductions, thermoelectrics and thermophotovoltaics. Basic economic analyses were also performed to determine conditions for economic viability of the nanotechnology solutions. The thesis concludes that while there are many areas which have promising technologies in development, there are no clear nanotechnology solutions which can be implemented cost effectively at the current time. Recommendations for future work are also made.

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    Authors: Huopana, Tuomas;

    Energy efficient solutions for six farm biogas production was found by calculating mass and energy balance in different scenarios. Raw materials in biogas production were cow manure and grass silage that were produced in these farms. There were calculated mass and energy balances on average for one year biogas prouduction that consisted of grass silage production, raw material transportation and biogas production in the biogas plant. In addition, direct greenhouse gases from biogas production were estimated. The direct mass and energy flows were calculated. It turned out that one input energy unit can produce 5.0 to 5.5 energy units as heat and electricity. Biogas reactor consumed heat from 42 to 66 % of the produced electricity. The electricity consumption in the biogas plant was from 12 to 18 % of the produced electricity. Energy consumption in the raw material transportation was from 7 to 14 % of the produced electricity. Energy consumption in the grass silage production was from 11 to 16 % of the produced electricity. In the electricity production the heat is also produced that should be utilized to keep the total energy balance positive. If the heat utilizer would not considered, the direct carbon dioxide emissions and the energy consumption in transportation could be decreased by one third. The energy consumption in the grass silage production consisted of an energy consumption in the field and a transportation energy consumption between farms and their field blocks. It turned out that the transportation energy consumption can be even more than half of the energy consumption in the field. By replacing mineral fertilizers with digestate, it could be possible to half the need of mineral fertilizers from present situation.

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    Authors: Savo, Riikka;

    Tässä pro gradu -tutkielmassa käsitellään sitä, miten kriisiviestintä ja personointi vaikuttavat asiakasluottamukseen energiakriisin aikana. Euroopan energiakriisi on seurausta useista tapahtumista; esimerkiksi koronapandemia ja Ukrainan sota sekä sen myötä kohonneet kaasun hinnat ovat tutkimusten mukaan merkittäviä tekijöitä kriisin taustalla. Energiakriisi on vaikuttanut ja tulee vaikuttamaan asiakkaiden kokemuksiin sähköyhtiöistä. Tämä johdattaa tutkielman aiheen äärelle: mikä on kriisiviestinnän ja personoinnin rooli, kun tarkoituksena on rakentaa ja ylläpitää asiakasluottamusta energiakriisin aikana? Vaikuttaako moderaattorimuuttuja asiakassuhteen pituus siihen, miten viestintä ja personointi vaikuttavat asiakasluottamukseen? Tämä tutkielma tuo arvoa energia-alan toimijoille, sillä aihe on erityisen ajankohtainen ja merkittävä, eikä sitä ole aiemmin tutkittu läpikotaisesti. Tutkielma tarjoaa toimijoille ohjeita markkinointi- ja viestintätoimiensa parantamiseen kriisin aikana ja sen jälkeen. Tutkimus pohjautuu tilanteelliseen kriisiviestintäteoriaan (SCCT), jonka pyrkimyksenä on auttaa organisaation maineen ylläpitämistä kriisin ilmetessä. Tutkimuksen tulokset ehdottavat, että vaikka energiakriisi on johtanut aiempaa korkeampaan sähkön hintaan, case-yhtiön asiakkaat ovat silti pääosin melko tyytyväisiä yhtiöön erityisesti luottamuksen näkökulmasta. Tutkielma näyttää, että kriisin aikana ja sen jälkeen alalla toimivien yritysten tulee osoittaa asiakkailleen, minkälaista lisäarvoa he voivat tuoda esimerkiksi parantamalla ja jakamalla ammattitaitoaan sekä kehittämällä palveluitaan asiakkailleen hyödyllisemmiksi. Lisäarvon tarjoaminen ja avoin dialogi asiakkaiden kanssa auttavat rakentamaan ja ylläpitämään luottamusta. Viestinnän osa-alueella tarvittava muutos todettiin sekä asiakaskyselyn että asiantuntijahaastattelujen perusteella. Analyysit näyttävät, että kriisiviestintä ja palvelun laadun parantaminen personoinnin keinoin nostavat asiakasluottamusta. Asiakassuhteen pituuden merkitys moderaattorimuuttujana ei vahvistunut tutkielman analyyseissa. Tämä tutkielma on niin kutsuttu ”case-tutkimus”, jota on rahoittanut suomalainen sähköyhtiö Lumme Energia. Yhtiön kuluttaja-asiakkaille tarjottiin mahdollisuus jakaa ajatuksiaan osallistumalla digitaaliseen monivalintakyselyyn helmikuussa 2023. This thesis examines how crisis communication and personalization affect consumer trust during a crisis. The European energy crisis is a major consequence of various causes, such as the COVID-19 pandemic and the war in Ukraine. The crisis has affected, and will continue to affect, consumers’ perceptions of electricity companies, which leads to the topic of this thesis: what is the role of crisis communication and personalization when seeking to build and maintain consumer trust during the energy crisis? Is the impact of crisis communication and personalization moderated by relationship length? As the phenomenon itself is highly current and the crisis has not been studied very thoroughly yet, this thesis brings value to the operators in the electricity industry by advising them on how to improve their marketing and communication during and after the crisis. This study builds on the situational crisis communication theory (SCCT) that seeks to help companies manage their reputation when a crisis emerges. The results of the study suggest that while the energy crisis has led to increasing electricity prices, the case company’s customers are still mainly satisfied, especially in terms of trust in the company. The analysis explains the causes of consumer trust and how it can be improved by utilizing the methods of crisis communication and personalization. It was found that during and after the crisis, it will be increasingly important for companies to show their customers the additional value that they bring by, for example, improving and sharing expertise and developing the company’s services so that they are more beneficial for the customers. Providing additional value and focusing on transparency and open dialogue will help build and maintain consumer trust. A need for change in communication was recognized in both the survey and interviews. It was found that effective crisis communication and improved service quality through personalization increase consumer trust. The moderating effect of relationship length was not supported. This thesis is case-related, and it is funded by a Finnish electricity company Lumme Energia, whose customers were given an opportunity to share their perceptions of the company by taking part in a digital multiple-choice survey in February 2023.

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    Authors: Nieminen, Eini;

    Seksuaalivalinta aiheuttaa yksilöiden välille kilpailua parittelukumppaneista, minkä johdosta osa yksilöistä lisääntyy toisia enemmän. Elinkiertoteorian mukaan yksilöt eivät niukkojen resurssien vuoksi pysty tehokkaasti kohdentamaan energiaa samanaikaisesti useisiin toimintoihin, kuten kasvuun, selviytymiseen ja lisääntymiseen. Ikä, suuri koko ja näyttävät seksuaaliornamentit ovat seksuaalivalinnassa menestyvän yksilön merkkejä, sillä tällaisilla yksilöillä riittää energiaa elintärkeiden toimintojen lisäksi myös lisääntymiseen. Tavallisesti ne menestyvätkin parhaiten kilpailussa parittelukumppaneista. Nuoret tai huonokuntoiset yksilöt voivat kuitenkin turvautua vaihtoehtoisiin lisääntymisstrategioihin välttääkseen suoraa kilpailua dominoivien yksilöiden kanssa ja parantaakseen lisääntymismenestystään. Tässä tutkimuksessa perehdyttiin nuorten teerikukkojen (Tetrao tetrix) soidinvireyden ajoittamiseen vertaamalla 1-vuotiaiden ja aikuisten kukkojen soidinkäyttäytymistä eli läsnäoloa ja tappeluaktiivisuutta, sekä morfologisten ominaisuuksien eli ruumiinpainon ja pyrstön pituuden vaikutusta soidinkäyttäytymiseen. Mittava pitkäaikaisaineisto kerättiin vuosina 2003–2013 kolmelta keskisuomalaiselta soitimelta. Aineisto analysoitiin lineaarisia sekamalleja (GLMM) hyväksikäyttäen. Eniten soitimella läsnä olleiden nuorten kukkojen havaittiin ajoittavan soidinvireytensä aikuisia kukkoja myöhemmin. Tätä vaihtoehtoista lisääntymisstrategiaa noudattavat nuoret kukot olivat paitsi ahkerasti läsnä soitimella, myös aktiivisia tappelijoita ja kooltaan suurempia kuin muut 1-vuotiaat kukot. Todennäköisesti nämä nuoret kukot pystyivät panostamaan soidinkauteen huomattavasti ikätovereitaan enemmän, mutta kuitenkin aikuisia kukkoja vähemmän, minkä johdosta ne ehkä hyötyivät myöhemmästä soidinvireyden ajoituksesta eniten. Nuorten kukkojen vaihtoehtoinen lisääntymisstrategia voi asettaa lisää valintapaineita myös aikuisille kukoille hidastamalla kilpailun vähenemistä soidinkauden lopulla. Tämä tutkimus osoittaakin epäsuorasti, että niin sanotulla kestävyyskilpailulla (”endurance rivalry”) voi olla sijansa teeren seksuaalivalinnassa. Sexual selection generates competition over mates producing differences in reproductive success between individuals. The life history theory predicts that because of scarce resources individuals face the problem in allocating energy to different functions such as growth, survival, and reproduction. As a consequence, older age, large body size, and impressive sexual ornaments are the common characters of dominant individuals, who are often superior in competition over mates thus enjoying the highest reproductive success. Nevertheless, young or unfit individuals may have alternative mating strategies which assist them to avoid competition with superior individuals and increase their reproductive success. In this study timing of reproductive effort as a potentially alternative mating strategy of young lekking black grouse (Tetrao tetrix) males was investigated. The behavioural (lek attendance and fighting rate) features of yearling and adult males were compared, and the effect of morphological (body mass and tail length) traits on the behaviour were studied. The large long-term dataset was gathered in years 2003–2013 from three study sites, and analysed by generalized linear mixed effects models (GLMM). Yearling males, who were the most present on the lek arena, scheduled their reproductive effort later in the lekking season compared to adult males. The yearling males showing this alternative mating strategy proved to be of a high quality: compared to other yearlings, they were diligently present on the lek arena, fought actively and had larger body mass. Probably they were able to invest substantially more to the lekking season than most of the yearlings, but less than adults, and therefore profited from the alternative mating strategy. Later timing of effort in yearling males may also set more selection pressure for adult males by delaying the decrease of intensive competition in the end of the lekking season. Hence, this study supports indirectly the idea that endurance rivalry may operate on black grouse leks.

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    Authors: Markkanen, Noora;

    Elinkaariarviointia, josta käytetään myös lyhennettä LCA, voidaan käyttää monin eri tavoin liiketoiminnassa arvonluomisessa. Eräs tavoista on hyödyntää elinkaariarvioinnista saatua tietoa tuotteiden ympäristövaikutusten arviointiin konsultointityökalun muodossa. Tämä Pro gradu –tutkielma tarkastelee, mitä arvonluontimetodeja elinkaariarviointiin liittyy, tuottaako StickyX:n konsultointityökalu nimeltä SustainX yritykselle arvoa, missä arvo luodaan, mitkä ovat konsultointityökalun edut ja heikkoudet ja onko tutkimuksessa havaittavissa kokemuksiin liittyviä maantieteellisiä eroja. Pro gradua varten suoritettiin strukturoitu monivalintakysely, jonka pohjalta tehtiin kuvaileva analyysi vallitsevasta elinkaariarvioinnin käytöstä ja SustainX –työkalun lisäarvon tuot-topotentiaalista. Tutkimus osoitti, että SustainX tuottaa lisäarvoa StickyX-yritykselle ja arvonluomisen potentiaali riippuu liiketoiminnan loppukäyttöalueesta, yritystyypistä ja maantieteellisestä sijainnista. Konsultointityökalun pääedut liittyvät brändimieliku-vaan, tuotteiden ympäristöystävällisyyteen ja markkinointiin kun taas pääheikkoudet liittyvät kohderyhmän kiinnostuksen puutteeseen, työkalun toimintamalliin ja liiketoimintaalueiden epätasaiseen tukemiseen. Tämä tutkielma tukee elinkaariarvioinnin hyödyntämisen tutkimusta ja tuottaa tietoa käytön maantieteellisistä eroista. Koska analyysi keskittyy lähinnä konsultointityökalun luomaan lisäarvoon, jää tutkimuskenttään edelleen tarve uudelle tutkimukselle liittyen muihin elinkaariarvioinnin arvonluonti-menetelmiin sekä niiden mahdollisiin maantieteellisiin eroihin. Life cycle assessment, also known as LCA, can be used in multiple ways to create value. One of the value creation methods is using LCA based information as a consultancy tool to analyse the environmental performance of products. This Master’s thesis investigates what are the value creation methods of LCA, whether and where the consultancy tool by StickyX called SustainX tool creates value to StickyX’s business, what are the benefits and weaknesses and whether there are geographical differences in the experiences. A qualitative, descriptive study based on structured multiple-choice questionnaire was conducted to reveal existing usage of LCA and the added value potential of the SustainX tool. The results revealed that the SustainX tool creates added value to StickyX’s business. Further analysis clarified that the added value creation potential differs depending on business end-use area, company type and region. The main benefits of the SustainX tool are support for brand image, information about environmental performance and promotion for sustainable products whereas the main weaknesses are lack of interest from printers, tool format being internal instead of external and uneven support for different business areas. This Master’s thesis contributes to the research of LCA usage and provides knowledge about geographical differences on utilising LCA. However, this study is only focused on value creation through using LCA as a consultancy tool and thus there is a need for future research on geographical differences on other value creation methods.

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    Authors: Hokkanen, Aija;

    The clothing and textile industry is one of the most problematic in terms of sustainability: the production value chain harbours a multitude of environmental and social problems, and the rampant success of fast fashion has made consumers buy more clothes than ever in an accelerating pace. To combat these adverse impacts and drive the sustainability transition in the industry circular bioeconomy strategies, practices, and models such as substituting textile materials currently used with more sustainable biobased alternatives should be implemented. These novel textiles have shown great promise in their environmental attributes in increasing the positive climate impact of both the clothing industry and the forest-based industry as well. This paper discusses the consumer perceptions on three selected Finnish novel wood-based textiles. The in-depth views on attributes consumers associate with wood-based textiles and that affect purchase decisions in terms of textiles in addition to the main barriers of purchasing wood-based textiles were examined in three focus group interviews with 13 participants. The results show that consumers perceived these textiles positively overall, but the use of wood raised concerns of deforestation and biodiversity loss. The recyclability of these novel textiles somewhat reduced the concerns. The main attributes of textiles influencing purchase decisions were feel and quality, where price had a diminished affect regarding the novel textiles. The main barrier for purchasing wood-based clothing was the lack of knowledge, which created other barriers such as doubt and uncertainty about the product and its sustainability. The barrier could be overcome, and the novel textiles more easily accepted by emphasizing the circular economy aspects of the novel wood-based textiles or focusing the marketing and communication of the textiles to other more purchase determining factors such as quality.

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