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Abstract The residential sector accounts for most of energy-consumption in developing countries in the form of traditional energy. The use of commercial energy is nominal and confined mostly to urban areas where fuelwood is already monetized. A model, based on an end-use/process analysis approach, is developed on a spreadsheet, which is capable of simulating scenarios to address issues of increasing traditional energy-demand caused by population growth, sustainable supply capacity of the existing energy resources, potential for development of new and renewable energy resources, technology. This paper is divided into two parts: general energy issues and the modelling approach, and the application of this approach to Nepal in the context of fuelwood-supply sustainability.

Additional file 1. Histotical and projected C stocks and fluxes.

Three distinct dataset used to forecast the development of marine energy in Europe in the upcoming three decades: - European offshore wind farms - tidal energy converter deployements in Europe - wave energy converter deployements in Europe

This data set includes transport measurements data of zinc oxide (ZnO) and indium tin oxide (ITO) thin films. The measurements were done using the van der Pauw / Hall effect technique in all configurations and with respect to the current intensity, thanks to the Carel Platform of the LMOPS laboratory. ITO was optimized to be used as a back contact in all-oxide solar cells and ZnO as a top window layer.

Datasets for the paper Richard, B. et al. The climatic debt is growing in the understory of temperate forests: stand characteristics matter. Global Ecology and Biogeography. The files provided here contain the data for CTI and contributing factors in lags used in analyses.

These data are part of a data portal that accompanies the special issue ‘Climate change adaptation needs a science of culture,’ published in Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B in 2023. To access the data portal, please visit: https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.bnzs7h4h4. This code represents a computational model investigating the dynamics of coupled and decoupled resource use and efficiency gains. It can be used to simulate the effects of exploration-exploitation strategies on efficiency, consumption and sustainability, considering different levels of direct and indirect rebound effects. The model simulates a population of agents who make decisions on whether to explore or exploit a natural resource. These agents become more efficient over time based on their chosen strategy, affecting resource consumption. Different scenarios are considered, including various rebound effects, which influence how efficiency gains impact resource use. The key elements of the model include agents' uncertainty about the efficiency of their actions, the operationalization of efficiency as a reward, and the calculation of resource consumption based on efficiency gains and rebound effects. The model provides insights into how agents' decisions and resource use evolve over time under different conditions. This computational framework offers a valuable tool for exploring the complex dynamics of resource consumption and management in the face of environmental challenges. It can be applied to gain a deeper understanding of the Jevons Paradox and its implications for sustainable resource use. This computational model simulates the dynamics of exploration and exploitation strategies within a population of agents. These agents make decisions on whether to explore new solutions or exploit existing ones, with a focus on maximizing efficiency. The model employs a N-armed bandit problem approach, where agents select actions to maximize efficiency gains. Efficiency is operationalized as a reward, and agents use sample means to estimate expected efficiency. A balance between exploration and exploitation is maintained through a probability-based algorithm. The code also encompasses resource domains, representing different resources and their dynamics, along with computations of resource consumption, existing resources, and sustainability indices. The simulations consider various parameter combinations to examine the model's behavior. Overall, the code serves as a tool for studying the interplay between exploration, exploitation, efficiency, and resource consumption within a population of agents across different scenarios, making it valuable for investigating the effects of rebound effects on resource consumption and sustainability. The simulations run a comprehensive set of parameter combinations to explore the model's behavior thoroughly. # Code from: Efficiency traps beyond the climate crisis: Exploration-exploitation tradeoffs and rebound effects. Python scripts to run the model, as described in: Segovia-Martin J, Creutzig F, Winters J. 2023 Efficiency traps beyond the climate crisis: exploration–exploitation tradeoffs and rebound effects. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 378: 20220405. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2022.0405 The code and supplementary materials are all freely accessible at the following link: [https://github.com/School-of-Collective-Intelligence/Jevons-Paradox-and-Cultural-Evolution](https://github.com/School-of-Collective-Intelligence/Jevons-Paradox-and-Cultural-Evolution) The simulator can be accessed via the following links: [https://jevons-collectiveintelligence.pythonanywhere.com/](https://jevons-collectiveintelligence.pythonanywhere.com/) or [https://jsegoviamartin.pythonanywhere.com/](https://jsegoviamartin.pythonanywhere.com/) The DOI of this Dryad repository: [https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.qjq2bvqnk](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.qjq2bvqnk) ##

EMSO-Western Ligurian Site (European Multidisciplinary See floor Observatory and water column, Western Ligurian Site) is a second generation permanent submarine observatory deployed offshore of Toulon, France, as a follow up of the pioneering ANTARES neutrino telescope located nearby. This submarine network is part of KM3NeT (https://www.km3net.org/) which has a modular topology designed to connect up to 120 neutrino detection units, i.e. ten times more than ANTARES. The Earth and Sea Science (ESS) instrumentation connected to KM3NeT is based on two complementary components: an Instrumented Interface Module (MII) and an autonomous mooring line (ALBATROSS). The Module Interface Instrumented "MII" was deployed in May 2019 and cabled to the MEUST Node#1. Node#1 is cabled to the shore via the KM3NeT cable. The MII provides data for temperature, conductivity/salinity, pressure, particles proxy (deduced from beam attenuation measured with a CSTAR transmissiometer). The MII collects data through an acoustic link from the instrumented mooring line ALBATROSS (https://doi.org/10.17882/74513) deployed at a distance of 2-3 kilometers. These data are being transferred daily for near real time visualisation.

Survival and growth of woody species in the Mediterranean are mainly restricted by water availability. We tested the hypothesis that Mediterranean species acclimate their xylem vulnerability and osmotic potential along a precipitation gradient. We studied five predominant co-occurring Mediterranean species; Quercus calliprinos, Pistacia palaestina, Pistacia lentiscus, Rhamnus lycioides, and Phillyrea latifolia, over two summers at three sites. The driest of the sites is the distribution edge for all the five species. We measured key hydraulic and osmotic traits related to drought resistance, including resistance to embolism (Ψ50) and the seasonal dynamics of water and osmotic potentials. The leaf water potentials (Ψ1) of all species declined significantly along the summer, reaching significantly lower Ψl at the end of summer in the drier sites. Surprisingly, we did not find plasticity along the drought gradient in Ψ50 or osmotic potentials. This resulted in much narrower hydraulic safety margins (HSM) in the drier sites, where some species experienced significant embolism. Our analysis indicates that reduction in HSM to null values put Mediterranean species in embolism risk as they approach their hydraulic limit near the geographic dry edge of their distribution. The PLC curves and resistance to embolism were measured using the Cavitron. The pre-dawn and midday water potentials were measured using a pressure bomb. The C13 was measured with a 13C cavity ring-down analyzer. The osmotic potential was measured using an osmometer. All methods are described in Alon et al., Acclimation limits for embolism resistance and osmotic adjustment accompany the geographic dry edge of Mediterranean species. 2023. Functional Ecology Excel