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La razón de esta investigación es plantear una alternativa viable, que apoyada en estudios previos, permita identificar los factores que causan la muerte de las empresas y proponer la gestión de riesgo como medida de tratamiento para lograr la perdurabilidad empresarial. Mediante un recorrido sistemático por diferentes estudios y fuentes bibliográficas se identificarán posibles factores causantes de la “muerte de las empresas”. Esta actividad nos conducirá a determinar una lista de “factores” generadores de mortalidad empresarial, los cuales una vez identificados y clasificados serán analizados bajo la perspectiva de la “gestión de riesgos empresarial” con el fin de proponer esta última como medida de tratamiento que contribuya a la perdurabilidad empresarial. El resultado final del proyecto será la propuesta de una herramienta metodológica que contribuya a minimizar el “riesgo de mortalidad empresarial”, tratando los factores que la generan con la herramienta propuesta como resultado de esta investigación. The reason for this research is to pose a viable alternative that based on previous studies, help identify the factors that cause the death of businesses and propose risk management as a measure of treatment to ensure the sustainability of business. Through a systematic pattern of different studies and literature will identify potential factors causing the "death of business" this activity will lead us to identify a list of "factors" corporate mortality generators, which once identified will be analyzed and classified under the prospect of "risk management business" with a view to proposing the latter as a measure of treatment that contributes to the sustainability business. The end result of the project will be the proposal of a methodological tool that will help minimize the risk of mortality business, "addressing the factors that generate it using the proposal as a result of this investigation.

Se desarrolla un diseño de experimentos de tres factores y dos niveles con una sola réplica para la producción de Biodiesel a escala de laboratorio a partir de dos fuentes de triglicéridos: Aceite de Higuerilla (Ricinus Communis) y aceite de Palma mil pesos (Oenocarpus bataua). La producción de Biodiesel se lleva a cabo a partir de la reacción de transesterificación alcalina usando como catalizador hidróxido de sodio con metanol para obtener finalmente el biodiesel y la glicerina como subproducto. This project develops a 2k design of experiments for Biodiesel’s production to laboratory scale from two sources of triglycerides: Higuerilla’s oil (Ricinus Communis) and Palma Mil pesos’ oil (Oenocarpus bataua). Biodiesel's production is carried out from the alkaline transesterification reaction using hydroxide of sodium as catalyst with methanol to obtain biodiesel and glycerine as by-product. 86 p., + anexos (32 p.)

Las compañías desde su creación, están en la constante búsqueda de la perdurabilidad en el tiempo; es decir buscan el desarrollo sostenible de su negocio y para esto se encuentran con el reto no solo de mantener el personal idóneo y motivado, sino de hacer seguimiento y gestión a sus finanzas, adquirir nuevas tecnologías y generar nuevos productos o negocios, acordes a las necesidades de sus clientes. La implementación de nuevas tecnologías como la Web 2.0, han facilitado a las organizaciones esta tarea; gracias a la retroalimentación y mejora permanente de los productos, que se obtiene a través de la interacción con los clientes, en las plataformas virtuales donde se tiene la posibilidad de: Comercializar, mercadear y publicitar un producto, además de crear prototipos, conocer intereses, necesidades y gustos, que retroalimentan de manera positiva o negativa a la compañía en procesos de preventa y postventa. A través de este estudio exploratorio, se pretende sensibilizar a los directivos de las diferentes organizaciones, frente a la importancia del uso e implementación de nuevas tecnologías como Second Life, una herramienta practica, económica y eficiente para obtener mayor reconocimiento de la marca y lograr competitividad en el mercado global. Teniendo claridad que parte del éxito que se consiga con la implementación de esta herramienta, está determinado por el cambio en la estructura de la compañía y el modelo mental del CEO o líder. The companies since its inception, are in constant search of eternity in time, is seeking the sustainable development of its business and to meet this challenge not only to retain qualified and motivated staff, but to monitor and managing their finances, acquire new technologies and create new products or businesses, according to the needs of its customers. The implementation of new technologies such as Web 2.0, organizations have provided this task thanks to the feedback and improvement of products, which is obtained through interaction with customers in the virtual platform where you can From marketing, market and advertise a product as well as creating prototypes, known interests, needs and tastes, so that positive feedback or negative to the company"s sales processes pre and post sale. Through this exploratory study is intended to raise awareness among managers of different organizations, compared to the importance of the use and implementation of new technologies like Second Life, a practical, economical and efficient way to get more brand recognition and achieve competitiveness in the global marketplace. With clarity of the success that is achieved with the implementation of this tool is determined by the change in the company structure and the mental model of the CEO or leader.

Sweeping changes are beginning to transform energy scenarios around the world. The gas revolution, a renaissance in petroleum technology and exploration, and a chaotic but powerful movement toward the goal of low-carbon economies are three of the principal energy trends currently interacting with structural changes in the geo-economics of the Atlantic world to present new perspectives and opportunitiesfor the diverse actors in the ‘Atlantic Basin’. This article explores how changes in the energy landscape are contributing to a reassessment of the strategic horizon. The potential impacts of the shale revolution, deep-offshore oil, biofuels and other modern renewable energies on the geopolitics of the Atlantic Basin will be assessed, and the hypothesis that an Atlantic Basin energy system is now taking shape will be evaluated, along with an analysis of anticipated impacts.

The objective of the present work is to evaluate the pyrolysis process mixing corn and coconut crop residues in CO2 atmosphere and to compare the result of the solid product obtained in the starting biomass. For this research, the feedstock was characterized by proximate analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA). The pyrolysis process was carried out in a fixed bed reactor with a CO2 flow at a temperature of 450°C and for a time of 2 hours (2.77*10-4m3/s). The results show that the calorific value of the carbonaceous residues from the pyrolysis is increased by 59.7% compared to the original raw material, the FTIR of the solid demonstrates the transformation of the original carbonyl and hydroxyl groups that are part of the condensable gases and products.

The amount of energy and food consumed in Puerto Rico is more indicative of a developed nation than one than is underdeveloped. All the energy consumed in Puerto Rico is from fossil fuels, while the agricultural sector marginally provides the needs of the consumer. In addition, the animal production sectors rely exclusively on imported feedstock for the preparation of feeds. There is a potential to develop an ethanol industry based initially on sugarcane, as the main feedstock and then turn to biomass from energy cane and or organic solid waste in the future. In order to move to the second generation of ethanol production, the cellulosic ethanol industry has to become economically viable. A limiting factor in the use of sugarcane is that only 40,000 ha are currently available to grow this crop. Potentially, Puerto Rico can produce 200 million liters of ethanol on this area which could substitute 5% of the gasoline that was consumed in 2007. On the other hand, biomass could be obtained from bagasse, energy cane, and from 1.3 metric tons of organic solid waste (food and yard waste) produced annually on the island. This strategy can provide a relief to decreasing the amounts of organic solid waste that end up in the landfills.

This investigation is framed in the analysis of impacts in the local development starting from the taking of decisions on projects of rural energy in Cuban communities that have as economic main activity the agricultural sector, illustrated the results of a case study where the technological most viable options are selected under the optics of the improvement of indicators of community resources. The methods and used materials are characteristic of a field work with application model are characterized for the taking of decisions in the energy area and their sources SURE, as geographical region the community isolated rural “Manantiales” linked to the agrarian sector in the republic of Cuba and the present period review in the thematic one approached. The main indicators are sketched in each resource of the rural community under the optics of the SURE in their version 3.0, as well the characterization of the prediction of the impacts at each technological option on the resources, is exhibited a mean of impacts and the classification of the technologies according to the level of achievements contribute to the indicators of community resources, obtaining as a result that the hydro energy technology is the most viable option with a value of 100 points in the scale from 0 to 100, followed by the GRID with 91.11 and of the photovoltaic systems based on silicon panels with 90.57, in this case all technologies contribute a significant level of achievements to the local community development.