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This work deals with an integrated solar PV/T hybrid air collector suitable for applications such as heating and drying of hay and industrial products. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate and optimize the thermal and electrical performances of this PV component and its integration system. A 2D mathematical model describing the thermal behaviour of the component is presented. The simulation values are compared to the measured data obtained under steady conditions on a solar PV/T air collector. Then, a description is provided regarding the in situ experimental studies which are carried out on three various models of the same component, in order to validate the thermal model previously developed. As further steps, various simulations will be performed on a drying system under a full building integration setup. 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition / 5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, 6-10 September 2010, Valencia, Spain; 5150-5152

The detailed study of corrosion behaviour of carbon steel in 1M hydrochloric acid solution in the presence and absence of (E)-4-((4-methoxybenzylidene) amino)-3-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole-5(4H)-thione (3-Tz) was investigated using weight loss method at various temperatures from 303 to 333 K. The inhibitor showed 92.15% inhibition efficiency at its optimum concentration 5 x 10-2M at 303K and decreased at higher temperatures. The various parameters of activation determining the kinetic data such as energy, enthalpy and entropy at different concentrations of the inhibitor were evaluated and discussed. The thermodynamic parameters such as, equilibrium constant, adsorption heat and adsorption entropy were obtained. The adsorptive behaviour of(3-Tz) followed Langmuir-type isotherm. The standard free energies of adsorption were negative at different temperatures tested, suggesting better inhibition performance. Applied Journal of Environmental Engineering Science, Vol 1, No 2 (2015)

A cause du faible montant des aides gouvernementales, 15% seulement des petits planteurs d'hévéas sont concernés par les programmes de développement de l'État indonésien alors qu'ils exploitent 84% des surfaces plantées. Pour ne pas perdre ses avantages sur le marché international, l'industrie du caoutchouc indonésienne (GAPKINDO) s'est associée à l'ICRAF (International Center for Research in Agroforestry) pour développer un système agroforestier à base d'hévéa (RAS) chez les petits propriétaires afin d'augmenter leur revenu tout en préservant l'environnement. Ce système, pratiqué traditionnellement et proche d'une forêt secondaire, s'est révélé écologiquement intéressant car il réduit l'érosion des sols et a une action positive sur la biodiversité. Des projets pilotes de plantations de clones améliorés d'hévéas intercalés avec d'autres plantes pérennes sont prévus pour début 1995 dans les provinces de West Kalimantan et de Jambi.

Concerns about climate change, diminishing social acceptance of traditional fuels, and technological innovations have led several countries to pursue energy transition strategies, typically by massive diffusion of renewable electricity supplies. The German ‘Energiewende’ has been successful so far in terms of deploying renewable power, mainly by applying particular feed-in tariffs, and by bundling public, academic, industrial and political support. So far though, only few EU member states proceed with a similar transition. In March 2014 CEOs of Europe’s major energy companies publicly opposed a fast and thorough transformation of electricity supplies to become fully renewable. In April 2014 the European Commission published new state aid guidelines, generally mandating renewable energy support mechanisms (premiums, tenders) of lesser performance than regularly adjusted, specific feed-in tariffs. The new guidelines are likely to be pernicious for the fast deployment of renewable electricity supplies. In light of these challenges, this position paper highlights two implications of power sector transitions. First, the engineering-economics theory of power generation systems needs fundamental revision, mainly since a growing share of power sources no longer function on command. Second, and based on the experience in Germany, the paper sketches out a strategy for a thorough transition of the power sector, which, in the end, also entails normative judgements. Deep changes in energy systems and associated ways of living require societal consensus building based on ethical considerations. International Journal of Sustainable Energy Planning and Management, Vol 5 (2015)

It is widely accepted that adherence (which reports to what is measured when performing an adhesion test) of the encapsulant to the main substrates of the module plays a key role in the long term reliability of the PV module. Consequently, adherence is commonly measured and used to assess or compare encapsulant compatibility with a given substrate. The most common procedures used in the PV field to characterize adhesion between a polymer film and a substrate are the so called peeling test, lap shear and compressive shear tests. Here we use a compressive shear setup to characterize the adherence of Poly Vinyl Butyral (PVB) and Polyethylene-covinyl acetate (EVA) to glass before and after degradation in damp-heat (DH) conditions (85°C, 85%RH). The adherence metrics that can be derived from a Compressive Shear Test (CST) are presented and discussed. We show that a single metric is not sufficient to characterize adherence and that a set of at least two indicators including the peak shear stress and the viscous dissipation should be used. Using this set it is found that the interface PVB/Glass is more affected by the degradation than the EVA/Glass interface. 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 2597-2599

Subsynchronous oscillation (SSO) usually caused by series compensation, power system stabilizer (PSS), high voltage direct current transmission (HVDC) and other power electronic equipment, which will affect the safe operation of generator shafting even the system. It is very important to identify the modal parameters of SSO to take effective control strategies as well. Since the identification accuracy of traditional methods are not high enough, the stochastic subspace identification (SSI) method is proposed to improve the identification accuracy of subsynchronous oscillation modal. The stochastic subspace identification method was compared with the other two methods on subsynchronous oscillation IEEE benchmark model and Xiang-Shang HVDC system model, the simulation results show that the stochastic subspace identification method has the advantages of high identification precision, high operation efficiency and strong ability of anti-noise.

In our present investigation, different kinds of metallic substrates (MS) with dielectric and conductive diffusion barrier layers (BL) were studied for the subsequent fabrication of polycrystalline silicon solar cells. The permeation of contaminants from MS has been studied using Deep Level Transient Spectroscopy (DLTS) technique as an indirect method of impurity detection in silicon. Dielectric barrier layers of a thickness, 1 μm were prepared using FOx solution by spin coating and conducting TiN barrier layers of similar thickness by cathodic arc evaporation. The potential impurities identified from the DLTS measurements are Fe and Ni. The results were reported and discussed in detail in view of the evaluation of choice of the metallic substrate and effective diffusion barrier. 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 21-25 September 2009, Hamburg, Germany; 2533-2536

The use of geothermal energy for more localised energy requirements is becoming more apparent with the use of geothermal heat pumps. The use of heat from the upper portion of the earth's crust can be useful and efficient method of energy saving. At around 50 m below the earth's surface the ambient temperature fluctuates between around 8-12 oC. This heat can be used by being transferred to the surface via a loop system using a high-efficiency refrigerant type of material.These systems are also typically more efficient than gas or oil-fired heating systems. They are more energy efficient than air-source heat pumps because they draw heat from, or release heat to, the earth, which has moderate temperatures all the year, rather than to the air. Geothermal heat pumps use the relatively constant temperature of the ground or water several meters below the earth's surface as source of heating and cooling. Geothermal heat pumps are appropriate for retrofit or new homes, where both heating and cooling are desired. In addition to heating and cooling, geothermal heat pumps can provide domestic hot water. They can be used for virtually any home size or lot in any region of the Czech Republic.