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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Ndiaye, Aminata; Ndiaye, Paul;

    Le changement climatique exige une compréhension de son fonctionnement pour bâtir des politiques de gestion efficaces, car la variabilité climatique contemporaine a engendré des bouleversements des écosystèmes naturels et produit une désarticulation sociale. Il est donc nécessaire de revisiter certains concepts clés (dégradation, ressources naturelles, acteurs, etc.), avant d'examiner la réalité de la dégradation environnementale, au regard de facteurs peu souhaitables par rapport auxquels il faut pourtant essayer d'esquisser un futur désirable. Les dynamiques environnementales en cours génèrent, en effet, des mutations peu avantageuses et conduisent à des conflits redoutables sur l'eau, la terre et toutes les autres ressources dites naturelles. Dès lors, de nombreux défis se font jour ; ils appellent des solutions qui tiennent compte à la fois de l'illusion et du forçage du destin, car les expériences douloureuses imposent la prudence, mais les potentialités indiscutables fondent, a contrario, de réelles ambitions de sortie des situations difficiles dans lesquelles se trouve l'Afrique. Il s'agit d'un pari sur l'avenir, pour le continent, en tablant d'abord, sur une triple durabilité (institutionnelle, socio-économique et environnementale) mais aussi, sur sa capacité à s'adapter à l'adversité du changement climatique et à améliorer l'utilisation peu efficiente de ses ressources naturelles par une option claire et holistique pour les stratégies d'intégration régionale. C'est le miracle que l'Afrique se doit de faire dès à présent, et pendant ce siècle ! Mots clés : environnement, dégradation, changement climatique, ressources naturelles, acteurs.

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  • Authors: Lukoye Atwoli; Gregory E. Erhabor; Aiah A Gbakima; Abraham Haileamlak; +17 Authors

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Sy, Sams Dine;

    While the level of uncertainty enriched by the climate wars hypothesis, controversial moves on the finance field. Breaking with development aid and the conventional financial system, the climate financing enters a period of radical uncertainty. Data and information collected over the COP held, can lay the groundwork for a financial prospective. The study proposes socio-economic and financial scenarios inspired by the IPCC approach in assessing transformation with representative socioeconomic evolution pathways. The vision of long-term cooperative action allows to raise more funds to expand developing countries participation in the effort of data collection, development of good practice and guidelines. But reducing the time taken for adaptation and mitigation may lead to more radical solutions are needed to lower the temperature. The study proposes that Africa should adhere to the vision of development erga omnes around a futureresilient financial system. The study recommends the setting of an Inter-Governmental Panel on Climate Financing to solve the problem of the transformation of global savings in very long term investment and to periodically report on the performance of the Global Investment Fund. Africa will also integrate the global value chain of carbon finance and to structure the innovation system with "clean tech" and "green business". Finally the study recommends several initiatives to provide financial support for large scale geoengeneering through reforestation, sequestration and storage of CO2 and solar radiation management. Keywords: Africa | climate | financing| prospective | resilience| development | innovation

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: African Capacity Building Foundation;

    Le Rapport sur les Capacités en Afrique (RICA) et les indicateurs qu'il propose offrent les intrants nécessaires pour éclairer les choix en matière d'appui au renforcement des capacités. Pour la plupart des pays, l'environnement institutionnel est très propice, et les processus de mise en œuvre sont en place. Cependant, les résultats de développement ne suivent pas, et encore moins les résultats en matière de renforcement des capacités. Le rapport et ses indicateurs soulignent également les réformes institutionnelles et en matière de règlementation qui sont nécessaires pour mieux soutenir les partenariats public-privé en matière d'investissement et de renforcement des capacités, ainsi que les investissements nécessaires pour renforcer davantage l'administration publique. De même, ils soulignent l'importance de la volonté politique dans l'inclusion sociale et le développement. Chaque rapport présente un thème annuel d'une importance clé pour le programme de développement de l'Afrique. Cette année, l'accent est mis sur les exigences de capacités pour l'intégration régionale, qui font partie du mandat de l'ACBF, et sur les capacités des communautés économiques régionales (CER). Le rapport dégage les points ci-après qui sont nécessaires pour renforcer les CER : intégrer le renforcement des capacités dans l'ensemble des efforts visant à réaliser un développement durable ; assurer des ressources administratives et financières suffisantes ; mettre l'accent sur la rétention et l'utilisation des compétences, et pas seulement sur leur acquisition ; et assurer le suivi-évaluation de tous les efforts de renforcement des capacités. Dans le cadre de l'intégration régionale, la dimension capacités est essentielle de nos jours puisque les pays, les CER, les institutions régionales spécialisées et les organisations régionales de développement, sont en train de développer des cadres stratégiques régionaux et de renforcer leurs capacités en vue de poursuivre l'intégration régionale à travers le continent. Les nombreuses ...

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  • Authors: Lukoye Atwoli; Gregory E. Erhabor; Aiah A Gbakima; Abraham Haileamlak; +17 Authors

    No hay resumen disponible. Aucun résumé disponible. No abstract available. لا يوجد ملخص متاح.

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Ragazzi, Graziella;

    To face the climate change, energy transition is required. Energy transition is a societal transition, which is really challenging because of its singularities. The multi-level governance is necessary in order to act now for the energy transition. Indeed States take action by negotiating international agreements for the climate on the one hand, and on the other hand by legislating their national regulatory framework. Local authorities intervene too owing to their competencies which give them a high influence power on decentralized production system and on energy consumption. The local scale plays a major role because they benefit from closed and trustful relationships which foster collective action and act as a real leverage. It is at the territories level that energy transition projects emerge and that fight against global warming become true. That's why it is necessary to understand what types of local projects for the energy transition arise, and what is their economic, social and environmental performance. This can allow public authorities to identify what are the performant projects and to encourage to replicate them on the one hand, and on the other hand to remove barriers in order to make arise innovant projects. In the long run, we must understand what kinds of projects will unfold and generalize as part of the energy transition depending on the value they will generate. To answer this, the business models perspective is highly appropriate: it constitutes an analytical framework which allows to describe the project features (its value proposition, its value configuration) and to determine its viability and sustainability according to the (economic, financial, social, environmental) values creation it builds. The thesis puts forward a typology of energy transition business models at the local scale, an analytical framework for projects adapted to the energy transition societal stake. Finally the thesis suggests some public policy recommandation in terms of assessment of the economic, social and environmental performance of the local projects for the energy transition.; Face à l'urgence dans la lutte contre le réchauffement climatique, la transition énergétique bas carbone est une transition sociétale constituant un véritable défi du fait de ses singularités. Les conditions de sa réalisation résident dans un pilotage politique multi-niveaux afin d'agir dès à présent sur les différents leviers d'action possibles. En effet les Etats interviennent d'une part lors des négociations internationales afin de parvenir à un accord universel sur le climat, et d'autre part dans la législation de leur cadre réglementaire national. Les collectivités locales interviennent également du fait de leurs compétences leur conférant un pouvoir d'influence conséquent sur les modes de production décentralisés et sur la consommation d'énergie. L'échelle locale joue un rôle de premier ordre car elle bénéficie des liens de proximités et de confiance qui favorisent l'action collective et constitue un véritable effet de levier. C'est au niveau des territoires que les projets de la transition énergétique émergent et que la lutte contre le réchauffement climatique se concrétise. C'est pourquoi il est nécessaire de comprendre quels types de projets locaux pour la transition énergétique émergent, et quelle est leur performance tant d'un point de vue économique, que social et environnemental. Cela permettra d'une part aux pouvoirs publics d'identifier les types de projets performants pour impulser leur développement, et d'autre part quels sont les freins à lever le cas échéant pour faire émerger des projets innovants. Sur le long-terme, il s'agit de comprendre quels types de projets se déploieront et se généraliseront dans le cadre de la transition énergétique en fonction du type de valeur qu'ils parviendront à générer. Pour répondre à cela, l'approche des business models est pertinente : elle constitue en effet une grille d'analyse permettant de déterminer les caractéristiques de chaque projet, en décrivant sa proposition de valeur et la configuration de cette valeur, et de déterminer sa viabilité et sa durabilité en fonction de la création (ou destruction) de valeurs (économique, financière, sociale, environnementale) qu'il génère. La thèse propose ainsi une typologie des business models de la transition énergétique à l'échelle locale, une grille d'analyse de projet adaptée à l'enjeu sociétal que représente la transition énergétique et propose enfin des recommandations pour la politique publique en matière d'évaluation de la performance économique, sociale et environnementale de projets locaux de transition énergétique.

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    Authors: Plénet, Daniel; Jeannequin, Benoit; Chauvin, Jean-Eric;

    National audience; The fruit, vegetable and potato (FLP) sectors are characterised by a high structural diversity linked to the many species and varieties cultivated and to very varied production and marketing structures. The very strong competition imposed by the long distribution and import-export channels has gradually led, for reasons of economic rationality, to a specialisation of the production basins and part of the farms with standardisation of production means and products, but also the disappearance of many small farms. Overall, these changes have resulted in an erosion of surfaces and a decrease in the volumes produced for the majority of sectors with the exception of potatoes and certain nuts. Nevertheless, the dynamism of certain "product" sectors has led to a revival of competitiveness and/or a better Plénet D. et al. 80 Innovations Agronomiques 68 (2018), 79-105 development of the offer thanks to approaches relating to the development of high-tech systems, the reduction in the use of synthetic products, segmentation and commercial differentiation, and the creation of quality signs. In addition, the renewal of short and local circuits has recently made it possible to develop a very diversified network of farms in all regions. The emergence of high expectations for organic farming products and for healthy and sustainable agro-food systems offers new opportunities today. To benefit from them, the FLP sectors will have to develop coherent strategies to strengthen complementarities and synergies between different production, processing and marketing systems. These diversity enhancement strategies will contribute to increasing the economic and environmentalrobustness of the FLP sectors.; Les filières fruits, légumes et pomme de terre (FLP) se caractérisent par une diversité structurelle importante liée aux nombreuses espèces et variétés cultivées et à des structures de production et de commercialisation très variées. La très forte concurrence imposée par les circuits longs de la grande distribution et de l’import-export a progressivement entrainé pour des raisons de rationalité économique une spécialisation des bassins de production et d’une partie des exploitations avec une standardisation des moyens de production et des produits, mais aussi la disparition de nombreuses petites exploitations. Globalement, ces évolutions se sont traduites par une érosion des surfaces et une diminution des volumes produits pour la majorité des filières à l’exception de la pomme de terre et de certains fruits à coque. Néanmoins, le dynamisme de certaines filières « produit » a entrainé un regain de compétitivité et/ou une meilleure valorisation de l’offre grâce à des démarches portant sur le développement de systèmes à haute technicité, la réduction d’utilisation des produits de synthèse, la segmentation et la différenciation commerciale, et la création de signes de qualité. Par ailleurs, le renouveau des circuits courts et de proximité permet depuis peu de développer dans toutes les régions un tissu d’exploitations très diversifiées. L’émergence d’une forte attente pour les produits de l’agriculture biologique et pour des systèmes agro-alimentaires sains et durables offre aujourd’hui de nouvelles opportunités. Pour en bénéficier, les filières FLP devront élaborer des stratégies cohérentes afin de renforcer les complémentarités et les synergies entre différents systèmes de production, de transformation et de commercialisation. Ces stratégies de valorisation de la diversité contribueront à accroitre la robustesse économique et environnementale des filières FLP.

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  • Authors: Michel Ange, Régis;

    Durant deux années, Haïti est frappé successivement de plusieurs catastrophes, le cout humain est considérable, comment faire face? Oxfam tente alors de renouer des liens avec une organisation locale avec qui il y avait eu des différends dans le passé. série « Partnering for Impact » Le partenariat est le pilier de la façon dont Oxfam conçoit le monde et contribue activement au changement. Toutes nos activités sont guidées par ce principe: du développement à long terme à l’intervention humanitaire et la prévention des catastrophes, en passant par les campagnes et le plaidoyer. Mais que cela signifie-t-il pour notre personnel? Chaque jour apporte de nouveaux défis et de nouvelles opportunités, comment gérer tout cela ? Suite a un atelier d’écriture, cette série d’études de cas a été développé afin de partager et d’examiner ce qu’on apprit des professionnels confirmés a propos du partenariat. ; Durant deux années, Haïti est frappé successivement de plusieurs catastrophes, le cout humain est considérable, comment faire face? Oxfam tente alors de renouer des liens avec une organisation locale avec qui il y avait eu des différends dans le passé. série « Partnering for Impact » Le partenariat est le pilier de la façon dont Oxfam conçoit le monde et contribue activement au changement. Toutes nos activités sont guidées par ce principe: du développement à long terme à l’intervention humanitaire et la prévention des catastrophes, en passant par les campagnes et le plaidoyer. Mais que cela signifie-t-il pour notre personnel? Chaque jour apporte de nouveaux défis et de nouvelles opportunités, comment gérer tout cela ? Suite a un atelier d’écriture, cette série d’études de cas a été développé afin de partager et d’examiner ce qu’on apprit des professionnels confirmés a propos du partenariat.

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    Authors: Lopoukhine, N.; Crawhall, N.; Dudley, N.; Figgis, P.; +5 Authors

    Protected areas remain a cornerstone of global conservation efforts. The double impacts of climate change and biodiversity loss are major threats to achieving the Millennium Development Goals, especially those relating to environmental sustainability, poverty alleviation and food and water security. The growing awareness of the planet’s vulnerability to human driven changes also provides an opportunity to re-emphasize the multiple values of natural ecosystems and the services that they provide. Protected areas, when integrated into landuse plans as part of larger and connected conservation networks, offer practical, tangible solutions to the problems of both species loss and adaptation to climate change. Natural habitats make a significant contribution to mitigation by storing and sequestering carbon in vegetation and soils, and to adaptation by maintaining essential ecosystem services which help societies to respond to, and cope with, climate change and other environmental challenges. Many protected areas could be justified on socioeconomic grounds alone yet their multiple goods and services are largely unrecognized in national accounting. This paper argues that there is a convincing case for greater investment in expanded and better- connected protected area systems, under a range of governance and management regimes that are specifically designed to counter the threats of climate change, increased demand and altered patterns of resource use. The new agenda for protected areas requires greater inclusivity of a broader spectrum of actors and rights holders, with growing attention to landscapes and seascapes protected by indigenous peoples, local communities, private owners and other actors which complement conservation areas managed by state agencies. Greater attention also needs to be focused on ways to integrate and mainstream protected areas into sustainable development, including promotion of “green” infrastructure as a strategic part of responses to climate change.

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    Article . 2012
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19 Research products
  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Ndiaye, Aminata; Ndiaye, Paul;

    Le changement climatique exige une compréhension de son fonctionnement pour bâtir des politiques de gestion efficaces, car la variabilité climatique contemporaine a engendré des bouleversements des écosystèmes naturels et produit une désarticulation sociale. Il est donc nécessaire de revisiter certains concepts clés (dégradation, ressources naturelles, acteurs, etc.), avant d'examiner la réalité de la dégradation environnementale, au regard de facteurs peu souhaitables par rapport auxquels il faut pourtant essayer d'esquisser un futur désirable. Les dynamiques environnementales en cours génèrent, en effet, des mutations peu avantageuses et conduisent à des conflits redoutables sur l'eau, la terre et toutes les autres ressources dites naturelles. Dès lors, de nombreux défis se font jour ; ils appellent des solutions qui tiennent compte à la fois de l'illusion et du forçage du destin, car les expériences douloureuses imposent la prudence, mais les potentialités indiscutables fondent, a contrario, de réelles ambitions de sortie des situations difficiles dans lesquelles se trouve l'Afrique. Il s'agit d'un pari sur l'avenir, pour le continent, en tablant d'abord, sur une triple durabilité (institutionnelle, socio-économique et environnementale) mais aussi, sur sa capacité à s'adapter à l'adversité du changement climatique et à améliorer l'utilisation peu efficiente de ses ressources naturelles par une option claire et holistique pour les stratégies d'intégration régionale. C'est le miracle que l'Afrique se doit de faire dès à présent, et pendant ce siècle ! Mots clés : environnement, dégradation, changement climatique, ressources naturelles, acteurs.

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  • Authors: Lukoye Atwoli; Gregory E. Erhabor; Aiah A Gbakima; Abraham Haileamlak; +17 Authors

    No hay resumen disponible. Aucun résumé disponible. No abstract available. لا يوجد ملخص متاح.

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Sy, Sams Dine;

    While the level of uncertainty enriched by the climate wars hypothesis, controversial moves on the finance field. Breaking with development aid and the conventional financial system, the climate financing enters a period of radical uncertainty. Data and information collected over the COP held, can lay the groundwork for a financial prospective. The study proposes socio-economic and financial scenarios inspired by the IPCC approach in assessing transformation with representative socioeconomic evolution pathways. The vision of long-term cooperative action allows to raise more funds to expand developing countries participation in the effort of data collection, development of good practice and guidelines. But reducing the time taken for adaptation and mitigation may lead to more radical solutions are needed to lower the temperature. The study proposes that Africa should adhere to the vision of development erga omnes around a futureresilient financial system. The study recommends the setting of an Inter-Governmental Panel on Climate Financing to solve the problem of the transformation of global savings in very long term investment and to periodically report on the performance of the Global Investment Fund. Africa will also integrate the global value chain of carbon finance and to structure the innovation system with "clean tech" and "green business". Finally the study recommends several initiatives to provide financial support for large scale geoengeneering through reforestation, sequestration and storage of CO2 and solar radiation management. Keywords: Africa | climate | financing| prospective | resilience| development | innovation

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: African Capacity Building Foundation;

    Le Rapport sur les Capacités en Afrique (RICA) et les indicateurs qu'il propose offrent les intrants nécessaires pour éclairer les choix en matière d'appui au renforcement des capacités. Pour la plupart des pays, l'environnement institutionnel est très propice, et les processus de mise en œuvre sont en place. Cependant, les résultats de développement ne suivent pas, et encore moins les résultats en matière de renforcement des capacités. Le rapport et ses indicateurs soulignent également les réformes institutionnelles et en matière de règlementation qui sont nécessaires pour mieux soutenir les partenariats public-privé en matière d'investissement et de renforcement des capacités, ainsi que les investissements nécessaires pour renforcer davantage l'administration publique. De même, ils soulignent l'importance de la volonté politique dans l'inclusion sociale et le développement. Chaque rapport présente un thème annuel d'une importance clé pour le programme de développement de l'Afrique. Cette année, l'accent est mis sur les exigences de capacités pour l'intégration régionale, qui font partie du mandat de l'ACBF, et sur les capacités des communautés économiques régionales (CER). Le rapport dégage les points ci-après qui sont nécessaires pour renforcer les CER : intégrer le renforcement des capacités dans l'ensemble des efforts visant à réaliser un développement durable ; assurer des ressources administratives et financières suffisantes ; mettre l'accent sur la rétention et l'utilisation des compétences, et pas seulement sur leur acquisition ; et assurer le suivi-évaluation de tous les efforts de renforcement des capacités. Dans le cadre de l'intégration régionale, la dimension capacités est essentielle de nos jours puisque les pays, les CER, les institutions régionales spécialisées et les organisations régionales de développement, sont en train de développer des cadres stratégiques régionaux et de renforcer leurs capacités en vue de poursuivre l'intégration régionale à travers le continent. Les nombreuses ...

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  • Authors: Lukoye Atwoli; Gregory E. Erhabor; Aiah A Gbakima; Abraham Haileamlak; +17 Authors

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Ragazzi, Graziella;

    To face the climate change, energy transition is required. Energy transition is a societal transition, which is really challenging because of its singularities. The multi-level governance is necessary in order to act now for the energy transition. Indeed States take action by negotiating international agreements for the climate on the one hand, and on the other hand by legislating their national regulatory framework. Local authorities intervene too owing to their competencies which give them a high influence power on decentralized production system and on energy consumption. The local scale plays a major role because they benefit from closed and trustful relationships which foster collective action and act as a real leverage. It is at the territories level that energy transition projects emerge and that fight against global warming become true. That's why it is necessary to understand what types of local projects for the energy transition arise, and what is their economic, social and environmental performance. This can allow public authorities to identify what are the performant projects and to encourage to replicate them on the one hand, and on the other hand to remove barriers in order to make arise innovant projects. In the long run, we must understand what kinds of projects will unfold and generalize as part of the energy transition depending on the value they will generate. To answer this, the business models perspective is highly appropriate: it constitutes an analytical framework which allows to describe the project features (its value proposition, its value configuration) and to determine its viability and sustainability according to the (economic, financial, social, environmental) values creation it builds. The thesis puts forward a typology of energy transition business models at the local scale, an analytical framework for projects adapted to the energy transition societal stake. Finally the thesis suggests some public policy recommandation in terms of assessment of the economic, social and environmental performance of the local projects for the energy transition.; Face à l'urgence dans la lutte contre le réchauffement climatique, la transition énergétique bas carbone est une transition sociétale constituant un véritable défi du fait de ses singularités. Les conditions de sa réalisation résident dans un pilotage politique multi-niveaux afin d'agir dès à présent sur les différents leviers d'action possibles. En effet les Etats interviennent d'une part lors des négociations internationales afin de parvenir à un accord universel sur le climat, et d'autre part dans la législation de leur cadre réglementaire national. Les collectivités locales interviennent également du fait de leurs compétences leur conférant un pouvoir d'influence conséquent sur les modes de production décentralisés et sur la consommation d'énergie. L'échelle locale joue un rôle de premier ordre car elle bénéficie des liens de proximités et de confiance qui favorisent l'action collective et constitue un véritable effet de levier. C'est au niveau des territoires que les projets de la transition énergétique émergent et que la lutte contre le réchauffement climatique se concrétise. C'est pourquoi il est nécessaire de comprendre quels types de projets locaux pour la transition énergétique émergent, et quelle est leur performance tant d'un point de vue économique, que social et environnemental. Cela permettra d'une part aux pouvoirs publics d'identifier les types de projets performants pour impulser leur développement, et d'autre part quels sont les freins à lever le cas échéant pour faire émerger des projets innovants. Sur le long-terme, il s'agit de comprendre quels types de projets se déploieront et se généraliseront dans le cadre de la transition énergétique en fonction du type de valeur qu'ils parviendront à générer. Pour répondre à cela, l'approche des business models est pertinente : elle constitue en effet une grille d'analyse permettant de déterminer les caractéristiques de chaque projet, en décrivant sa proposition de valeur et la configuration de cette valeur, et de déterminer sa viabilité et sa durabilité en fonction de la création (ou destruction) de valeurs (économique, financière, sociale, environnementale) qu'il génère. La thèse propose ainsi une typologie des business models de la transition énergétique à l'échelle locale, une grille d'analyse de projet adaptée à l'enjeu sociétal que représente la transition énergétique et propose enfin des recommandations pour la politique publique en matière d'évaluation de la performance économique, sociale et environnementale de projets locaux de transition énergétique.

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    Authors: Plénet, Daniel; Jeannequin, Benoit; Chauvin, Jean-Eric;

    National audience; The fruit, vegetable and potato (FLP) sectors are characterised by a high structural diversity linked to the many species and varieties cultivated and to very varied production and marketing structures. The very strong competition imposed by the long distribution and import-export channels has gradually led, for reasons of economic rationality, to a specialisation of the production basins and part of the farms with standardisation of production means and products, but also the disappearance of many small farms. Overall, these changes have resulted in an erosion of surfaces and a decrease in the volumes produced for the majority of sectors with the exception of potatoes and certain nuts. Nevertheless, the dynamism of certain "product" sectors has led to a revival of competitiveness and/or a better Plénet D. et al. 80 Innovations Agronomiques 68 (2018), 79-105 development of the offer thanks to approaches relating to the development of high-tech systems, the reduction in the use of synthetic products, segmentation and commercial differentiation, and the creation of quality signs. In addition, the renewal of short and local circuits has recently made it possible to develop a very diversified network of farms in all regions. The emergence of high expectations for organic farming products and for healthy and sustainable agro-food systems offers new opportunities today. To benefit from them, the FLP sectors will have to develop coherent strategies to strengthen complementarities and synergies between different production, processing and marketing systems. These diversity enhancement strategies will contribute to increasing the economic and environmentalrobustness of the FLP sectors.; Les filières fruits, légumes et pomme de terre (FLP) se caractérisent par une diversité structurelle importante liée aux nombreuses espèces et variétés cultivées et à des structures de production et de commercialisation très variées. La très forte concurrence imposée par les circuits longs de la grande distribution et de l’import-export a progressivement entrainé pour des raisons de rationalité économique une spécialisation des bassins de production et d’une partie des exploitations avec une standardisation des moyens de production et des produits, mais aussi la disparition de nombreuses petites exploitations. Globalement, ces évolutions se sont traduites par une érosion des surfaces et une diminution des volumes produits pour la majorité des filières à l’exception de la pomme de terre et de certains fruits à coque. Néanmoins, le dynamisme de certaines filières « produit » a entrainé un regain de compétitivité et/ou une meilleure valorisation de l’offre grâce à des démarches portant sur le développement de systèmes à haute technicité, la réduction d’utilisation des produits de synthèse, la segmentation et la différenciation commerciale, et la création de signes de qualité. Par ailleurs, le renouveau des circuits courts et de proximité permet depuis peu de développer dans toutes les régions un tissu d’exploitations très diversifiées. L’émergence d’une forte attente pour les produits de l’agriculture biologique et pour des systèmes agro-alimentaires sains et durables offre aujourd’hui de nouvelles opportunités. Pour en bénéficier, les filières FLP devront élaborer des stratégies cohérentes afin de renforcer les complémentarités et les synergies entre différents systèmes de production, de transformation et de commercialisation. Ces stratégies de valorisation de la diversité contribueront à accroitre la robustesse économique et environnementale des filières FLP.

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  • Authors: Michel Ange, Régis;

    Durant deux années, Haïti est frappé successivement de plusieurs catastrophes, le cout humain est considérable, comment faire face? Oxfam tente alors de renouer des liens avec une organisation locale avec qui il y avait eu des différends dans le passé. série « Partnering for Impact » Le partenariat est le pilier de la façon dont Oxfam conçoit le monde et contribue activement au changement. Toutes nos activités sont guidées par ce principe: du développement à long terme à l’intervention humanitaire et la prévention des catastrophes, en passant par les campagnes et le plaidoyer. Mais que cela signifie-t-il pour notre personnel? Chaque jour apporte de nouveaux défis et de nouvelles opportunités, comment gérer tout cela ? Suite a un atelier d’écriture, cette série d’études de cas a été développé afin de partager et d’examiner ce qu’on apprit des professionnels confirmés a propos du partenariat. ; Durant deux années, Haïti est frappé successivement de plusieurs catastrophes, le cout humain est considérable, comment faire face? Oxfam tente alors de renouer des liens avec une organisation locale avec qui il y avait eu des différends dans le passé. série « Partnering for Impact » Le partenariat est le pilier de la façon dont Oxfam conçoit le monde et contribue activement au changement. Toutes nos activités sont guidées par ce principe: du développement à long terme à l’intervention humanitaire et la prévention des catastrophes, en passant par les campagnes et le plaidoyer. Mais que cela signifie-t-il pour notre personnel? Chaque jour apporte de nouveaux défis et de nouvelles opportunités, comment gérer tout cela ? Suite a un atelier d’écriture, cette série d’études de cas a été développé afin de partager et d’examiner ce qu’on apprit des professionnels confirmés a propos du partenariat.

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    Authors: Lopoukhine, N.; Crawhall, N.; Dudley, N.; Figgis, P.; +5 Authors

    Protected areas remain a cornerstone of global conservation efforts. The double impacts of climate change and biodiversity loss are major threats to achieving the Millennium Development Goals, especially those relating to environmental sustainability, poverty alleviation and food and water security. The growing awareness of the planet’s vulnerability to human driven changes also provides an opportunity to re-emphasize the multiple values of natural ecosystems and the services that they provide. Protected areas, when integrated into landuse plans as part of larger and connected conservation networks, offer practical, tangible solutions to the problems of both species loss and adaptation to climate change. Natural habitats make a significant contribution to mitigation by storing and sequestering carbon in vegetation and soils, and to adaptation by maintaining essential ecosystem services which help societies to respond to, and cope with, climate change and other environmental challenges. Many protected areas could be justified on socioeconomic grounds alone yet their multiple goods and services are largely unrecognized in national accounting. This paper argues that there is a convincing case for greater investment in expanded and better- connected protected area systems, under a range of governance and management regimes that are specifically designed to counter the threats of climate change, increased demand and altered patterns of resource use. The new agenda for protected areas requires greater inclusivity of a broader spectrum of actors and rights holders, with growing attention to landscapes and seascapes protected by indigenous peoples, local communities, private owners and other actors which complement conservation areas managed by state agencies. Greater attention also needs to be focused on ways to integrate and mainstream protected areas into sustainable development, including promotion of “green” infrastructure as a strategic part of responses to climate change.

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    Article . 2012
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