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The supporting information of the journal article "Evaluation of sugar feedstocks for bio-based chemicals: A consequential, regionalized life cycle assessment" from Fabbri et al. (2022) includes one file with the following content: S1 Details of consequential modelling: feedstock S1.1 Identification type of changes (demand or supply) S1.2 Identification of constrains in the market S1.3 Identification of product substitutions S1.4 Identification of affected production technology S1.5 Identification of marginal crop and marginal supplier S2 Details of consequential modelling: by-products S3 Model parameters and unit processes S3.1 Sugar beet S3.2 Sugar cane S3.3 Wheat S3.4 Maize S3.5 Wood S3.6 Residual woodchips and sawdust S4 Review of land use change accounting methods S4.1 Direct land use change (dLUC) S4.2. Indirect land use change (iLUC) S5 Additional results S5.1 Influence of spatial differentiation in LCIA S5.2 Influence of indirect land use change (iLUC) S6 References This work was funded by the Innovation Fund Denmark under the Grand Solutions instrument; project ReMEG "Renewable Mono Ethylene Glycol for PET Plastic".

The concept and methodology of a magnetocaloric heating network is proposed. A small thermal network consisting of several magnetocaloric heat pumps (MCHP) is considered from the point of their scaling and connection properties. We found a linear scaling law following the heating power variation with AMR mass, which can be included in an MCHP lookup table produced by a 1D transient AMR model. To estimate the performance of networks with different number of MCHPs, a set of single MCHPs coupled through temperature boundary conditions are modelled and network formulas are applied for the reference case of Gd packed beds. A performance optimum is found for specific design points compliant with building heating applications.

Database prepared in Excel including four elements, as background information for RIBuild Deliverable D1.1 about the historic building stock: Historic buildings stock energy consumption (1) Historic building stock description (2) Building construction elements (3) Case studies (4) Element (1)-(3) are referring to the historic building stock in RIBuild partner countries in general, while element (4) contains examples of carried out renovation projects, involving internal insulation of a historic building. If available, the case study sheets contain information about the floor area, present use, the building envelope (thickness, materials), renovation history, pre- and post-energy usage and renovation cost. Further, information about typical defects and the main driving forces for the renovation project, planning or design tools used, whether the goal with the renovation was achieved and the satisfaction of the users. Overview of data files to be found in 'RIBuild data WP1' as part of this dataset.

The Danish energy system is undergoing a transition from a system based on storable fossil fuels to a system based on fluctuating renewable energy sources. At the same time, more of and more of the energy system is becoming electrified; transportation, heating and fuel usage in industry and elsewhere. This article investigates the development of the Danish energy system in a medium year 2030 situation as well as in a long-term year 2050 situation. The analyses are based on scenario development by the Danish Climate Commission. In the short term, it is investigated what the effects will be of having flexible or inflexible electric vehicles and individual heat pumps, and in the long term it is investigated what the effects of changes in the load profiles due to changing weights of demand sectors are. The analyses are based on energy systems simulations using EnergyPLAN and demand forecasting using the Helena model. The results show that even with a limited short-term electric car fleet, these will have a significant effect on the energy system; the energy system’s ability to integrated wind power and the demand for condensing power generation capacity in the system. Charging patterns and flexibility have significant effects on this. Likewise, individual heat pumps may affect the system operation if they are equipped with heat storages. The analyses also show that the long-term changes in electricity demand curve profiles have little impact on the energy system performance. The flexibility given by heat pumps and electric vehicles in the long-term future overshadows any effects of changes in hourly demand curve profiles. International Journal of Sustainable Energy Planning and Management, Vol 7 (2015)

This is the introductory lecture to the course "Data science essentials for the energy sector: the case of wind energy: Harness the power of data in the digitalized energy sector". The course was held from 8th to 12th of April 2019 at DTU RISØ Campus, Denmark. The course is designed for future energy domain professionals, that wish to be equipped with data science essentials and tools to address the challenges of the renewable energy transition to renewables. The course aims at giving the competences and knowledge to identify the opportunities hidden in the big data and trigger innovative thinking to make significant, strategic changes that minimize costs and maximize efficiency outcomes and values.

Utilization of biomass as wood or straw in large suspension­fired boilers is an efficient method to reduce the use of fossil fuels consumption and to reduce the net CO2 formation. However, the presence of chlorine and alkali metals in biomass (straw) generate ash with a low melting point and induce large problems of ash deposit formation on the superheater tubes. Full scale studies on biomass ash deposition and removal had been done on biomass grate boilers, while only limited data is available from biomass suspension­firing. The aim of this study was to investigate deposit mass uptake, heat uptake reduction, fly ash and deposit characteristics, and deposit removal by using an advanced online deposit probe in a suspension­fired boiler using wood and straw pellets as fuel. The influence of fuel type and probe exposure time on the ash deposition rate, the heat uptake, the fly ash and deposit characteristics, and deposit removal have been investigated. The final deposit mass signal after a residence time of 3 to 5 days region was 1041, 1475, 1520 and 1670 g/m2 for 35, 65, 80 and 100% straw share respectively in the superheater region (flue gas temperature, 800­900 oC), while the mass uptake was very small in the tube bank region (flue gas temperature, 550­605 oC) during pure wood­firing. It was found that during suspension­firing of pure straw at low boiler load, the overall weight uptake is comparable with grate­firing, even though the amount of fly ash generated was significantly higher during suspension­firing. Deposit removal through debonding was the main mechanism of deposit shedding when no plant sootblower was in operation. Elemental analysis of fly ashes and deposit samples was made in order to determine concentrations of the major elements Al, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Na, P, Si, S and Cl. It was identified that the straw suspension­firing fly ashes contain high contents of Si and Ca, while grate­firing fly ashes contain higher contents of volatile elements K, Cl and S. Proceedings of the 18th European Biomass Conference and Exhibition, 3-7 May 2010, Lyon, France, pp. 1094-1100

EU has determined that 10 % of all fuel used in 2020 should be replaced by a biofuel. That substitute could be biodiesel. This project deals with the possibility of replacing 10 % of the used fuel in Denmark by biodiesel. Furthermore a comparison of the economic evaluation of two different plants was done. The crucial difference between the plants was purchase of the catalyst, enzymatic or chemical, with a difference of 17.3 mil. kr. The residual from both plants is glycerol. A smaller plant was designed to produce arcrolein from glycerol. An economic evaluation of this plant was done.