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Files for the manuscript “Radiocarbon Isotopic Disequilibrium Shows Little Incorporation of New Carbon in Soils and Fast Cycling of a Boreal Forest Ecosystem” 1. “Raw_Data” folder contains the files in .xlsx: - Lab_Atmospheric_Samples: D14C results from ambient air at the sampled heights. - Lab_Soil_Respiration: D14C results with date and integration time for the FFSR sampling campaign. - Lab_Solid_Samples: D14C and TOC results for soil, vegetation, roots, fungi and incubation samples.

As a relatively mature technology, biomass molded fuel (BMF) is widely used in distributed and centralized heating in China and has received considerable government attention. Although many BFM incentive policies have been developed, decreased domestic traditional fuel prices in China have caused BMF to lose its economic viability and new policy recommendations are needed to stimulate this industry. The present study built a regionalized net present value (NPV) model based on real production process simulation to test the impacts of each policy factor. The calculations showed that BMF production costs vary remarkably between regions, with the cost of agricultural briquette fuel (ABF) ranging from 86 US dollar per metric ton (USD/t) to 110 (USD/t), while that of woody pellet fuel (WPF) varies from 122 USD/t to 154 USD/t. The largest part of BMF’s cost composition is feedstock, which accounts for up 50%–60% of the total; accordingly a feedstock subsidy is the most effective policy factor, but in consideration of policy implementation, it would be better to use a production subsidy. For ABF, the optimal product subsidy varies from 26 USD/t to 57 USD/t among different regions of China, while for WPF, the range is 36 USD/t to 75 USD/t. Based on the data, a regional BMF development strategy is also proposed in this study.

Abstract. Regional land carbon budgets provide insights on the spatial distribution of the land uptake of atmospheric carbon dioxide, and can be used to evaluate carbon cycle models and to define baselines for land-based additional mitigation efforts. The scientific community has been involved in providing observation-based estimates of regional carbon budgets either by downscaling atmospheric CO2 observations into surface fluxes with atmospheric inversions, by using inventories of carbon stock changes in terrestrial ecosystems, by upscaling local field observations such as flux towers with gridded climate and remote sensing fields or by integrating data-driven or process-oriented terrestrial carbon cycle models. The first coordinated attempt to collect regional carbon budgets for nine regions covering the entire globe in the RECCAP-1 project has delivered estimates for the decade 2000–2009, but these budgets were not comparable between regions, due to different definitions and component fluxes reported or omitted. The recent recognition of lateral fluxes of carbon by human activities and rivers, that connect CO2 uptake in one area with its release in another also requires better definition and protocols to reach harmonized regional budgets that can be summed up to the globe and compared with the atmospheric CO2 growth rate and inversion results. In this study, for the international initiative RECCAP-2 coordinated by the Global Carbon Project, which aims as an update of regional carbon budgets over the last two decades based on observations, for 10 regions covering the globe, with a better harmonization that the precursor project, we provide recommendations for using atmospheric inversions results to match bottom-up carbon accounting and models, and we define the different component fluxes of the net land atmosphere carbon exchange that should be reported by each research group in charge of each region. Special attention is given to lateral fluxes, inland water fluxes and land use fluxes.

Here the processed experimental data of the accepted paper given below is documented and made available: Berger, F., Neuhaus, L., Onnen, D., Hölling, M., Schepers, G., and Kühn, M.: Experimental analysis of the dynamic inflow effect due to coherent gusts, Wind Energ. Sci. Discuss. [preprint], https://doi.org/10.5194/wes-2022-2, accepted, 2022.

In this study, the freshwater microalgae Selenastrum sp. was assessed for the effective degradation of pyrene and simultaneous production of biodiesel from pyrene-tolerant biomass. The growth of algae was determined based on the cell dry weight, cell density, chlorophyll content, and biomass productivity under different pyrene concentrations. Further, lipids from pyrene tolerant culture were converted into biodiesel by acid-catalyzed transesterification, which was characterized for the total fatty acid profile by gas chromatography. Increased pyrene concentration revealed less biomass yield and productivity after 20 days of treatment, indicating potent pyrene biodegradation by Selenastrum sp. Biomass yield was unaffected till the 20 mg/L pyrene. A 95% of pyrene bioremediation was observed at 20 days of culturing. Lipid accumulation of 22.14%, as evident from the estimation of the total lipid content, indicated a marginal increase in corroborating pyrene stress in the culture. Fatty acid methyl esters yield of 63.06% (% per 100 g lipids) was noticed from the pyrene tolerant culture. Moreover, fatty acid profile analysis of biodiesel produced under 10 mg/L and 20 mg/L pyrene condition showed escalated levels of desirable fatty acids in Selenastrum sp., compared to the control. Further, Selenastrum sp. and other freshwater microalgae are catalogued for sustainable development goals attainment by 2030, as per the UNSDG (United Nations Sustainable Development Goals) agenda. Critical applications for the Selenastrum sp. in bioremediation of pyrene, along with biodiesel production, are enumerated for sustainable and renewable energy production and resource management.

This repository contains the dataset linked to the following publication: Article title: Synergistic effects of warming and internal nutrient loading interfere with the long-term stability of lake restoration and induce sudden re-eutrophication Journal: Environmental Science & Technology DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c07181 Abstract: Phosphorus (P) precipitation is among the most effective treatments to mitigate lake eutrophication. However, after a period of high effectiveness, studies have shown possible re-eutrophication and the return of harmful algal blooms. While such abrupt ecological changes were attributed to the internal P loading, the role of lake warming and its potential synergistic effects with internal loading, thus far, has been understudied. Here, in a eutrophic lake in central Germany, we quantified the driving mechanisms of the abrupt re-eutrophication and cyanobacterial blooms in 2016 (30 years after the first P precipitation). A process-based lake ecosystem model (GOTM-WET) was established using a high-frequency monitoring dataset covering contrasting trophic states. Model analyses suggested that the internal P release accounted for 68% of the cyanobacterial biomass proliferation, while lake warming contributed to 32%, including direct effects via promoting growth (18%) and synergistic effects via intensifying internal P loading (14%). The model further showed that the synergy was attributed to prolonged lake hypolimnion warming and oxygen depletion. Our study unravels the substantial role of lake warming in promoting cyanobacterial blooms in re-eutrophicated lakes. The warming effects on cyanobacteria via promoting internal loading need more attention in lake management, particularly for urban lakes. SYNOPSIS: Warming synergistically promotes re-eutrophication with internal nutrient loading and exacerbates cyanobacterial blooms in urban lakes 30 years after phosphorus mitigation. Data description by Xiangzhen Kong (xzkong@niglas.ac.cn), 2023-02-20 ---Wet chemical analysis on water samples taken at five depths (0.5, 2.5, 5.0, 7.0 and 9.0 m) from the deepest point in the lake (BA1) at biweekly intervals from 2018.5-2021.8. File name: BAB_BA1_TN_mgL.obs (total nitrogen concentration) BAB_BA1_NH4_mgL.obs (ammonium nitrogen concentration) BAB_BA1_NO3_mgL.obs (nitrate nitrogen concentration) BAB_BA1_TP_mgL.obs (total phosphorus concentration) BAB_BA1_SRP_mgL.obs (Soluble reactive phosphorus concentration) BAB_BA1_DP_mgL.obs (dissolved P concentration) BAB_BA1_DOC_mgL.obs (Dissolved organic carbon concentration) BAB_BA1_Si_mgL.obs (dissolved silicon concentration) BAB_BA1_Chla_HPLC_DIN_mgL.obs (Chl-a concentration) ---CTD probe profile data from the deepest point in the lake (BA1) from 2017.8 to 2021.8 at biweekly basis with approximately 0.1 m vertical resolution File name: t_prof_file_barleber_ctm644.obs (water temperature) oxy_prof_file_barleber_ctm644 (Dissolved oxygen) turb_prof_file_barleber_ctm644.obs (Turbidity) chla_prof_file_barleber_ctm644.obs (Chl-a concentration) ---BBE probe profile data from the deepest point in the lake (BA1) from 2017.8 to 2021.8 at biweekly basis with approximately 0.1 m vertical resolution File name: totalChla_prof_file_barleber_FP2101.obs (Chl-a concentration) bluegreen_prof_file_barleber_FP2101.obs (Blue-green algae Chl-a concentration) green_prof_file_barleber_FP2101.obs (Green algae Chl-a concentration) diatom_prof_file_barleber_FP2101.obs (Diatom Chl-a concentration)

Project: GCOS Earth Heat Inventory - A study under the Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) concerted international effort to update the Earth heat inventory (EHI), and presents an updated international assessment of ocean warming estimates, and new and updated estimates of heat gain in the atmosphere, cryosphere and land over the period from 1960 to present. Summary: The file “GCOS_EHI_1960-2020_Earth_Heat_Inventory_Ocean_Heat_Content_data.nc” contains a consistent long-term Earth system heat inventory over the period 1960-2020. Human-induced atmospheric composition changes cause a radiative imbalance at the top-of-atmosphere which is driving global warming. Understanding the heat gain of the Earth system from this accumulated heat – and particularly how much and where the heat is distributed in the Earth system - is fundamental to understanding how this affects warming oceans, atmosphere and land, rising temperatures and sea level, and loss of grounded and floating ice, which are fundamental concerns for society. This dataset is based on a study under the Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) concerted international effort to update the Earth heat inventory published in von Schuckmann et al. (2020), and presents an updated international assessment of ocean warming estimates, and new and updated estimates of heat gain in the atmosphere, cryosphere and land over the period 1960-2020. The dataset also contains estimates for global ocean heat content over 1960-2020 for different depth layers, i.e., 0-300m, 0-700m, 700-2000m, 0-2000m, 2000-bottom, which are described in von Schuckmann et al. (2022). This version includes an update of heat storage of global ocean heat content, where one additional product (Li et al., 2022) had been included to the initial estimate. The Earth heat inventory had been updated accordingly, considering also the update for continental heat content (Cuesta-Valero et al., 2023).