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The path congestion and communication risks of electric power communication network have emerged as the carried businesses are becoming more and more heavy. In this paper, a multi-objective optimization method for power communication network routing considering the importance of the carried businesses is proposed to reduce load imbalance and transmission risk. Firstly, information entropy is introduced as the objective of communication network load balancing optimization. And a risk assessment model for power communication network nodes and links is established. Then fuzzy membership functions are adopted to singularize the two objectives to jointly optimize path congestion and communication risks. The device nodes are dynamically divided according to the carried businesses to pursue the global optimization of the power communication network in which the Yen's algorithm is adopted. Finally, this paper uses the IEEE 30-bus communication network to carry out case simulations and analyzes the proposed method to verify the effectiveness and feasibility.

Abstract Domestic wind turbine manufacturing sector in China has experienced development stages starting from scratch to mass production. During the 11th FYP period (2006–2010), the main goal of wind power policy in China is to promote the commercialization of wind power by large-scale deployment of wind farms. This goal has been realized to a great extent and now the cost of wind power generation is nearly comparable to coal-fired power generation in China. The industry policy, which devotes to mass production of domestic wind turbines, is also largely successful. The purpose of the paper is to provide an overview on wind turbine manufacturing sector in China. The policy evolution in different stages, achievements and challenges pertinent to the sector are addressed in the paper. Key findings are that the misleading industry policy, which provides strong incentive to blind entrance and “competition for scale and price” and restrains innovation as well, is the key obstacle for the sustainable development of the sector. Deficient technology standard and qualification system and the misplaced franchise bidding system also indulge vicious competition and oversupply. Creating a level playground for all turbine supplies, providing strong incentive to innovative manufacturers, establishing thorough and practicable standard and qualification system, and fine-tuning the directive of the franchise bidding system towards technology and service are the primary policy implications proposed by our study.

Demand side management is a useful and necessary tool in smart grid energy management system to reduce total power demand during peak demand periods and hence, enhancing grid sustainability and reducing overall cost. This paper discusses a new load shifting approach for demand side management in smart grid energy management. This approach optimizes the consumption curves of household, commercial and industrial consumers. The proposed algorithm in this approach minimizes the cost incurred by users while taking into account users' individual preferences for the loads by setting priorities and preferred time intervals for load scheduling.

We researched China's climate and sustainable development goal with relevant and susceptible instruments capable of inducing and mitigating carbon emissions. Amidst the contributor to the global carbon emissions, China is caught in between mitigating its carbon emission and aiming towards placing its national contribution of emissions to the acceptable levels of 1.5 °C and below 2 °C. Following the intricacies surrounding China's sustainable development as it contains its economic and environmental performance, we adopt China's data of 1980 and 2018 with different scientific approaches (nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL), dynamic ordinary least square test, and bootstrap Granger causality) with different instruments (such as economic growth, financial development, renewable energy, and innovation policies) to research China's sustainable development. For clear exposition and insight into our findings with policies attached, we draw a conclusion from the outcomes of the mentioned approaches. From NARDL and dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS), we find that economic growth through economic activities is statistically significant in determining the trend (increase) of carbon emissions in China in both periods (short run and long run). However, other selected instruments (financial, renewable, and innovation policies) tend towards controlling and moderating the carbon emissions in China. Thus, China has good prospects to mitigate its carbon emissions if considered tailoring its policies towards favorable instruments. From bootstrap Granger causality, we find similar inferential results that support previous findings thereby confirming the positive implication of the selected instruments to China's sustainable development. Hence, the nexus that is established among the selected instruments clearly show the importance of technological innovation and renewable energy in mitigating carbon emissions.

Clean-tech industry, also identified as the advanced stage of eco-friendly industry and typical high-tech, has to gain enough financial support to develop. Meanwhile, it has provided substantial market opportunities as well as investment options for venture capitalist. In an attempt to form a comprehensive understanding of VC policy preferences in clean-tech sector, relevant studies have been done by researchers from organizations, universities, and firms, from various perspectives, forming an independent “niche” research field. Based on the interactive relation between industry development and clean-tech investing, this paper performs a time-sharing, multidimensional, and dynamic review on international clean-tech policies literatures, focusing primarily on investor preferences. We aim to provide references to the lenses and methods currently used for future research including policy tool design, investment attraction effects, and policy efficiency. Moreover, the findings facilitate the innovation and expansion of related research for China, by which it can form effective financial support for domestic clean-tech industry.

With the fast growth of the global economy, energy supply and demand have a strong impact on social, economic, and environmental aspects. As a consequence, this has pushed the decision-makers to formulate objectives, guiding economic policies toward sustainable goals. The process is known as Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) that have been proposed by the United Nations. This being said, the energy sector is a vital domain with a vast potential for improvments in terms of technologies and ligistalations. Solar energy is among the most efficient solutions proposed to reduce the economic and environmental footprints of energy. In this frame, the current paper aims to localize solar energy within SDGs and analyze the contribution of the solar energy towards the achievement of the SDGs. Moreover, the current work highlights the contributions of Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum (MBR) Solar Park in the United Arab Emirates to achieving the SDGs. Indeed, the MBR Solar Park concept offers valuable insights of environmental impacts by deploying clean and affordable energy sources in place of conventional fossil fuel power plants that are still heavily used in the region. The MBR Solar Park operation has already mitigated 6.5 million tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent and this number will likely rise when all phases are installed and operational. Moreover, it has been shown that MBR Solar Park achieve several SDGs such SDG 8: decent work and economic growth, SDG 9: industry, innovation and infrastructure, SDG 11: sustainable cities and communities, and SDG 15: life on land.

The power system ranks the first among the greatest engineering achievements in the 20th century. With “strong electric power” as the carrier, the power system constitutes the great aorta of modern society for energy transmission; while with “weak electric power” as the carrier, the information network constitutes the nervous system of modern society. Both of them penetrate into all aspects of human society (e.g., science, production, life, international relations), and then promote the modern civilization to achieve rapid development. In terms of science, the power system has promoted the developments of materials, physics, chemistry, automation, information, medicine, and so on. This way, the system of modern science and technology is constituted. In terms of production, the second industrial revolution marked by the wide application of “strong electric power” is also called the electric power technology revolution. It has promoted another major leap in the productivity of human society after the steam revolution. The third industrial revolution marked by the widespread application of “weak electricity” is also known as the information technology revolution, which promotes the continuous evolution of industrial civilization to a much higher level. And the fourth industrial revolution, which is centered on the energy revolution, will meet the needs of human beings at a higher level and get rid of the constraints of the environment on human activities. In terms of life, electric power has become the most indispensable part of human life, ranging from material life to spiritual life, from behavioral habits to thinking ways, and from personal life to social life. In terms of international relations, the development of the power system is conducive to the fundamental solution of energy and environmental problems, thus the international political and economic competition around energy and environment has turned to the competition centered on clean power systems to some extent. As the basic platform for energy production and supply, the development of the future power system must follow the general orientation of the energy revolution. The basic form, management mechanism and technical characteristics of the power system will also undergo tremendous changes as follows: (1) The proportion of renewable energy in the power system will be increased continuously, and the power system will be tightly coupled with gas system and thermal system to form an electricity-centric energy internet. (2) The development mode of building “higher, farther and larger” power grid will turn to the co-development mode of large power grid and small power grid, and the trend of power electronation of power system will be strengthened gradually. (3) Market competition will penetrate into the weak monopolies of the power system. Each subject can play a full game in each link, so as to obtain the optimal allocation of funds, technology and human resources. (4) Digitalization and intellectualization will be the most important technical characteristics of the future power system, which will achieve leapfrog development in observability, controllability and intellectualization.

Increasing the use of electric vehicles (EVs) is regarded as a step in the right direction to reduce air pollution and carbon emissions. However, a dramatic increase of EV and charging stations has raised voltage quality and harmonic distortion issues that affect the performance of integrated renewable power sources (wind and solar) and smart-grid electrical transmission networks. This paper models an integrated electric vehicle charging and battery storage system operating in the presence of unpredictable wind and solar power sources. The aim is to enable the design of an electrical control system that develops the correct duty cycle to stabilize and regulate the voltage at the dc/dc power conversion station. Simulations are performed to evaluate energy management by the proposed control system. The proposed system effectively manages the electric power on the grid by drawing power from the batteries at peak times and then charging them in off-peak times, reducing the load on the converter and enabling the reduction of charging time for electric vehicles. A constant voltage is achieved on the grid irrespective of fluctuations in renewable energy generation and in the load.

Closed-loop supply chain networks are gaining research popularity due to environmental, economic and social concerns. Such networks are primarily designed to overcome carbon footprints and to retrieve end of life products from customers. This study considers a multi echelon closed-loop supply chain in the presence of machine disruption. A multi-objective model is presented to optimize the total cost, the total time and emissions in a closed-loop supply chain network. The aim is to analyze the trade-off between the objectives of cost, time, and emissions and how these decisions are impacted by the selection of different available machines. A number of solution approaches are tested on a case study from the tire industry. The results suggest the improved performance of the hybrid heuristic and the importance of controlling disruption in a closed-loop supply chain network. Furthermore, there is a trade-off between the different objective functions which can help the decision maker to choose a particular solution according to the preference of an organization. Finally, conclusion and future research avenues are provided.