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  • Energy Research
  • 15. Life on land
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  • University of North Texas

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    Authors: orcid Claudio S. Quilodrán;
    Claudio S. Quilodrán
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    orcid Erik M. Sandvig;
    Erik M. Sandvig
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    Francisco Aguirre; orcid Juan Rivero de Aguilar;
    Juan Rivero de Aguilar
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    Juan Rivero de Aguilar in OpenAIRE
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    AbstractA natural laboratory is a place supporting the conditions for hypothesis testing under non-anthropogenic settings. Located at the southern end of the Magellanic sub-Antarctic ecoregion in southwestern South America, the Cape Horn Biosphere Reserve (CHBR) has one of the most extreme rainfall gradients in the world. Subject to oceanic climate conditions, it is also characterized by moderate thermal fluctuations throughout the year. This makes it a unique natural laboratory for studying the effects of extreme rainfall variations on forest bird communities. Here, we monitor the bird species richness in the different forest types present in the CHBR. We found that species richness decreased with increasing precipitation, in which an increase of 100 mm in average annual precipitation showed about 1% decrease in species richness. Similar patterns were found among different forest types within the CHBR. These results provide a baseline to investigate the interactions between physical and biotic factors in a subpolar region that climatically contrasts with boreal forests, which is subject to continental climatic conditions. This research highlights the importance of ecological and ornithological long-term studies in the CHBR, which can contribute both to a higher resolution of the heterogeneity of climate changes in different regions of the world, and to orient conservation policies in the Magellanic sub-Antarctic ecoregion in the face of growing development pressures.

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    Biodiversity and Conservation
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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    Biodiversity and Conservation
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      Biodiversity and Conservation
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    Authors: orcid bw László Nagy;
    László Nagy
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    László Nagy in OpenAIRE
    orcid bw Cleiton B. Eller;
    Cleiton B. Eller
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    Cleiton B. Eller in OpenAIRE
    orcid Lina M. Mercado;
    Lina M. Mercado
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    orcid Francisco Cuesta;
    Francisco Cuesta
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    Francisco Cuesta in OpenAIRE
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    Contexte : La surveillance basée sur des placettes a fourni de nombreuses informations sur la diversité taxonomique et le stockage du carbone (C) dans les forêts tropicales de plaine du bassin amazonien. Cela a permis de mieux comprendre la relation entre la dynamique de la biomasse forestière des plaines et les facteurs du changement mondial, tels que le changement climatique et la concentration atmosphérique de CO 2. Beaucoup moins d'attention a été accordée aux écosystèmes montagneux d'Amérique du Sud qui comprennent les forêts montagnardes et la végétation alpine (páramo, puna, prairies des hautes Andes, zones humides et bruyère alpine).Ce complexe de végétation fournit une variété de services écosystémiques et forme un laboratoire naturel le long de divers gradients d'histoire/biogéographie physiographique, géologique et évolutive, et d'histoire de l'utilisation des terres.Images : Ici, nous passons en revue la compréhension empirique existante et les approches basées sur des modèles pour quantifier la contribution des écosystèmes de montagne à la fourniture de services écosystémiques dans le contexte socio-écologique en évolution rapide des montagnes sud-américaines.L' objectif de cet article est de définir une feuille de route générale pour la mise en œuvre de la végétation de montagne dans des modèles dynamiques de végétation mondiale (DGVM) à utiliser dans les modèles du système terrestre (ESM), sur la base de notre compréhension actuelle de leur structure et de leur fonction et de leur réactivité aux facteurs du changement global.Nous identifions également les processus de la limite des arbres, critiques dans les écosystèmes de montagne, comme des éléments manquants clés dans les DGVM/mes, et explorons ainsi en outre un modèle de limite des arbres.Méthodes : Un bilan de la disponibilité des données empiriques a été entrepris à partir de huit sites de recherche le long des Andes et dans le sud-est du Brésil.Parmi huit sites, deux (un au Venezuela et un au Brésil) avaient potentiellement des données climatiques, écologiques et écophysiologiques convenant au paramétrage d'une DGVM.Les données sur la biomasse des arbres étaient disponibles pour six sites.Une évaluation préliminaire de la DGVM du Joint UK Land Environment Simulator (JULES) a été réalisée pour identifier les lacunes dans les données disponibles et leurs impacts sur le paramétrage et l'étalonnage du modèle.En outre, l'élévation potentielle de la limite des arbres déterminée par le climat a été modélisée pour vérifier la DGVM quant à sa capacité à identifier la transition entre la forêt montagnarde et la végétation alpine.Résultats : Les résultats de l'évaluation du modèle de surface terrestre JULES ont identifié les processus clés suivants dans les forêts montagnardes : diminution liée à la température de la production primaire nette, respiration et allocation à la biomasse aérienne et augmentation des stocks de C dans le sol avec l'altitude.Il y avait un accord variable entre la biomasse simulée et celles dérivées des mesures sur le terrain via des équations allométriques.Conclusions : Nous avons identifié des écarts majeurs entre la disponibilité des données et les besoins de modélisation basée sur les processus de la végétation de montagne sud-américaine et de sa dynamique dans les DGVM.Pour combler cet écart, nous proposons un réseau transdisciplinaire, composé de membres des communautés théoriques/de modélisation et scientifiques empiriques, pour étudier la dynamique naturelle des écosystèmes de montagne et leurs réponses aux facteurs de changement mondiaux au niveau local, régional et continental, dans un cadre de système socio-écologique.Les travaux présentés ici constituent la base de la conception de la collecte de données à partir des mesures sur le terrain et des stations de surveillance instrumentales pour paramétrer et vérifier les DGVM.Le réseau est conçu pour collaborer et compléter les recherches à long terme existantes Antecedentes: El monitoreo basado en parcelas ha arrojado mucha información sobre la diversidad taxonómica y el almacenamiento de carbono (C) en los bosques tropicales de tierras bajas de la cuenca amazónica. Esto ha resultado en una mejor comprensión de la relación entre la dinámica de la biomasa forestal de las tierras bajas y los impulsores del cambio global, como el cambio climático y la concentración atmosférica de CO 2. Se ha prestado mucha menos atención a los ecosistemas de montaña de América del Sur que comprenden bosques montanos y vegetación alpina (páramo, puna, pastizales altoandinos, humedales y brezales alpinos).Este complejo de vegetación proporciona una variedad de servicios ecosistémicos y forma un laboratorio natural a lo largo de varios gradientes fisiográficos, geológicos y evolutivos de historia/biogeografía e historia del uso de la tierra. Objetivos: Aquí, revisamos la comprensión empírica existente y los enfoques basados en modelos para cuantificar la contribución de los ecosistemas de montaña a la prestación de servicios ecosistémicos en el entorno socioecológico rápidamente cambiante de las montañas sudamericanas. El objetivo de este documento es esbozar una amplia hoja de ruta para la implementación de la vegetación de montaña en modelos dinámicos de vegetación global (DGVM) para su uso en Modelos del Sistema Terrestre (ESM), basados en nuestra comprensión actual de su estructura y función y de su capacidad de respuesta a los impulsores del cambio global. También identificamos los procesos arbóreos, críticos en los ecosistemas de montaña, como elementos clave que faltan en las DGVM/ESM, y por lo tanto exploramos además un modelo arbóreo. Métodos: Se realizó un inventario de la disponibilidad de datos empíricos de ocho sitios de investigación a lo largo de los Andes y en el sureste de Brasil. De los ocho sitios, dos (uno en Venezuela y otro en Brasil) tenían algunos datos climáticos, ecológicos y ecofisiológicos potencialmente adecuado para parametrizar una DGVM. Se disponía de datos de biomasa de árboles para seis sitios. Se realizó una evaluación preliminar de la DGVM del Simulador Conjunto de Medio Ambiente Terrestre del Reino Unido (JULES) para identificar lagunas en los datos disponibles y sus impactos en la parametrización y calibración del modelo. Además, se modeló la posible elevación determinada por el clima de la línea de árboles para verificar la DGVM en cuanto a su capacidad para identificar la transición entre el bosque montano y la vegetación alpina. Resultados: Los resultados de la evaluación del modelo de superficie terrestre de JULES identificaron los siguientes procesos clave en los bosques montanos: disminución relacionada con la temperatura en la producción primaria neta, la respiración y la asignación a la biomasa sobre el suelo y aumento de las poblaciones de suelo C con elevación. Hubo un acuerdo variable entre la biomasa simulada y las derivadas de las mediciones de campo a través de ecuaciones alométricas. Conclusiones: Identificamos grandes brechas entre la disponibilidad de datos y las necesidades de modelado basado en procesos de la vegetación de montaña sudamericana y su dinámica en las DGVM. Para cerrar esta brecha, proponemos una red transdisciplinaria, compuesta por miembros de las comunidades científicas teóricas/de modelado y empíricas, para estudiar la dinámica natural de los ecosistemas de montaña y sus respuestas a los impulsores del cambio global a nivel local, regional y continental, dentro de un marco de sistema socioecológico. El trabajo presentado aquí forma la base para el diseño de la recopilación de datos a partir de mediciones de campo y estaciones de monitoreo instrumental para parametrizar y verificar las DGVM. La red está diseñada para colaborar y complementar la investigación existente a largo plazo. Background: Plot-based monitoring has yielded much information on the taxonomic diversity and carbon (C) storage in tropical lowland forests of the Amazon basin.This has resulted in an improved understanding of the relationship between lowland forest biomass dynamics and global change drivers, such as climate change and atmospheric CO 2 concentration.Much less attention has been paid to the mountain ecosystems of South America that comprise montane forests and alpine vegetation (páramo, puna, high Andean grasslands, wetlands, and alpine heath).This vegetation complex provides a variety of ecosystem services and forms a natural laboratory along various physiographic, geological and evolutionary history/biogeography, and land use history gradients.Aims: Here, we review existing empirical understanding and model-based approaches to quantify the contribution of mountain ecosystems to ecosystem service provision in the rapidly changing socioecological setting of the South American mountains.The objective of this paper is to outline a broad road map for the implementation of mountain vegetation into dynamic global vegetation models (DGVM) for use in Earth System Models (ESM), based on our current understanding of their structure and function and of their responsiveness to global change drivers.We also identify treeline processes, critical in mountain ecosystems, as key missing elements in DGVMs/ESMs, and thus explore in addition a treeline model.Methods: Stocktaking of the availability of empirical data was undertaken from eight research sites along the Andes and in south-eastern Brazil.Out of eight sites, two (one each in Venezuela and Brazil) had some climate, ecological and ecophysiological data potentially suitable to parametrise a DGVM.Tree biomass data were available for six sites.A preliminary assessment of the Joint UK Land Environment Simulator (JULES) DGVM was made to identify gaps in available data and their impacts on model parametrisation and calibration.Additionally, the potential climate-determined elevation of the treeline was modelled to check the DGVM for its ability to identify the transition between the montane forest and alpine vegetation.Results: Outcomes of the evaluation of the JULES land surface model identified the following key processes in montane forests: temperature-related decrease in net primary production, respiration, and allocation to above-ground biomass and increase in soil C stocks with elevation.There was a variable agreement between simulated biomass and those derived from field measurements via allometric equations.Conclusions: We identified major gaps between data availability and the needs for process-based modelling of South American mountain vegetation and its dynamics in DGVMs.To bridge this gap, we propose a transdisciplinary network, composed of members of the theoretical/modelling and empirical scientific communities, to study the natural dynamics of mountain ecosystems and their responses to global change drivers locally, regionally and at the continental scale, within a social-ecological system framework.The work presented here forms the basis for the design of data collection from field measurements and instrumental monitoring stations to parametrise and verify DGVMs.The network is designed to collaborate with and complement existing long-term research معلومات أساسية: أسفر الرصد القائم على قطعة الأرض عن الكثير من المعلومات حول التنوع التصنيفي وتخزين الكربون (C) في غابات الأراضي المنخفضة الاستوائية في حوض الأمازون. وقد أدى ذلك إلى فهم أفضل للعلاقة بين ديناميات الكتلة الحيوية للغابات المنخفضة ومحركات التغير العالمي، مثل تغير المناخ وتركيز ثاني أكسيد الكربون في الغلاف الجوي. وقد تم إيلاء اهتمام أقل بكثير للنظم الإيكولوجية الجبلية في أمريكا الجنوبية التي تشمل الغابات الجبلية والغطاء النباتي في جبال الألب (بارامو، بونا، الأراضي العشبية في أعالي الأنديز، الأراضي الرطبة، وصحة جبال الألب). يوفر مجمع الغطاء النباتي هذا مجموعة متنوعة من خدمات النظام الإيكولوجي ويشكل مختبرًا طبيعيًا على طول مختلف التاريخ الفيزيائي والجيولوجي والتطوري/الجغرافيا الحيوية، وتدرجات تاريخ استخدام الأراضي. الأهداف: نستعرض هنا الفهم التجريبي الحالي والنهج القائمة على النماذج لقياس مساهمة النظم الإيكولوجية الجبلية في توفير خدمات النظام الإيكولوجي في البيئة الاجتماعية والبيئية المتغيرة بسرعة لجبال أمريكا الجنوبية. الهدف من هذه الورقة هو تحديد خريطة طريق واسعة لتنفيذ الغطاء النباتي الجبلي في نماذج نباتية عالمية ديناميكية (DGVM) لاستخدامها في نماذج نظام الأرض (ESM)، بناءً على فهمنا الحالي من هيكلها ووظيفتها واستجابتها لمحركات التغير العالمي. كما نحدد عمليات خطوط الأشجار، الحرجة في النظم الإيكولوجية الجبلية، كعناصر رئيسية مفقودة في DGVMs/ESMs، وبالتالي نستكشف بالإضافة إلى ذلك نموذج خط الأشجار. الأساليب: تم إجراء جرد لتوافر البيانات التجريبية من ثمانية مواقع بحثية على طول جبال الأنديز وفي جنوب شرق البرازيل. من بين ثمانية مواقع، كان لدى موقعين (واحد في كل من فنزويلا والبرازيل) بعض البيانات المناخية والبيئية والفسيولوجية البيئية المحتملة مناسبة لتحديد معالم DGVM. كانت بيانات الكتلة الحيوية الثلاثية متاحة لستة مواقع. تم إجراء تقييم أولي لمحاكي بيئة الأراضي المشترك في المملكة المتحدة (JULES) DGVM لتحديد الثغرات في البيانات المتاحة وتأثيراتها على تحديد معالم النموذج ومعايرته. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، تم نمذجة الارتفاع المحتمل المحدد بالمناخ لخط الأشجار للتحقق من DGVM لقدرته على تحديد الانتقال بين الغابة الجبلية والغطاء النباتي في جبال الألب. النتائج: حددت نتائج تقييم نموذج سطح الأرض JULES العمليات الرئيسية التالية في الغابات الجبلية: الانخفاض المرتبط بدرجة الحرارة في صافي الإنتاج الأولي، والتنفس، والتخصيص للكتلة الحيوية فوق الأرض و زيادة مخزونات التربة C مع الارتفاع. كان هناك اتفاق متغير بين الكتلة الحيوية المحاكية وتلك المستمدة من القياسات الميدانية عبر المعادلات المتجانسة. الاستنتاجات: حددنا الفجوات الرئيسية بين توافر البيانات والاحتياجات إلى النمذجة القائمة على العمليات للغطاء النباتي الجبلي في أمريكا الجنوبية وديناميكياته في DGVM. لسد هذه الفجوة، نقترح شبكة متعددة التخصصات، تتألف من أعضاء المجتمعات العلمية النظرية/النمذجة والتجريبية، لدراسة الديناميكيات الطبيعية للنظم الإيكولوجية الجبلية واستجاباتها لمحركات التغيير العالمي محليًا وإقليميًا وعلى المستوى القاري، ضمن إطار النظام الاجتماعي الإيكولوجي. يشكل العمل المقدم هنا الأساس لتصميم جمع البيانات من القياسات الميدانية ومحطات المراقبة الآلية إلى بارامتير والتحقق من DGVM. تم تصميم الشبكة للتعاون مع البحوث القائمة طويلة الأجل واستكمالها

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    Plant Ecology & Diversity
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      Plant Ecology & Diversity
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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      https://dx.doi.org/10.60692/s6...
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    Authors: orcid Snow, D. D.;
    Snow, D. D.
    ORCID
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    Snow, D. D. in OpenAIRE
    orcid Chakraborty, P.;
    Chakraborty, P.
    ORCID
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    Chakraborty, P. in OpenAIRE
    Uralbekov, B.; Satybaldiev, B.; +5 Authors

    The Syr Darya is one of two major rivers in Central Asia supplying critical fresh water to the Aral Sea. In spite of the river's importance and agriculturally-intensive history, few studies have provided a modern evaluation of and the occurrence of pesticide residues potential effects to aquatic life. The primary goal of this investigation was to determine seasonal variations in ambient concentrations of modern and legacy pesticides in bottom sediment and water of the Syr Darya in Kazakhstan (KZ) downstream from an agriculturally-intensive watershed in Uzbekistan. Grab samples and passive samplers were used at five remote sampling stations during June 2015 to provide a baseline for ecotoxicological evaluation. Results were compared with samples collected during and after the agricultural growing season. Polar organic chemical integrative samplers (POCIS) were used in June and calibrated for time-weighted average concentrations of current use pesticides. Among legacy chlorinated pesticides measured in grab samples from the river, lindane (γ-HCH) was detected most frequently with the highest concentrations occurring during June. For all the sampling events, residues of lindane (γ-HCH) ranged from 0.014 to 0.24 μg/L detected in water samples, are among the highest concentrations reported for rivers globally. Concentrations of γ-HCH, p,p'-DDE and dieldrin were highest in October when dieldrin concentrations approached 0.4 μg/L. Sources of legacy pesticides may be either illicit upstream use or evidence of previous atmospheric contamination of glacial meltwater. Chronic exposure to these residues may lead to ecological risk to lower order organisms in both the sediment and water column.

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    Water Research
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    Authors: Sonia M. Kreidenweis; Wei Min Hao; William C. Malm; Judith C. Chow; +10 Authors

    We characterized the gas‐ and speciated aerosol‐phase emissions from the open combustion of 33 different plant species during a series of 255 controlled laboratory burns during the Fire Laboratory at Missoula Experiments (FLAME). The plant species we tested were chosen to improve the existing database for U.S. domestic fuels: laboratory‐based emission factors have not previously been reported for many commonly burned species that are frequently consumed by fires near populated regions and protected scenic areas. The plants we tested included the chaparral species chamise, manzanita, and ceanothus, and species common to the southeastern United States (common reed, hickory, kudzu, needlegrass rush, rhododendron, cord grass, sawgrass, titi, and wax myrtle). Fire‐integrated emission factors for gas‐phase CO2, CO, CH4, C2–4hydrocarbons, NH3, SO2, NO, NO2, HNO3, and particle‐phase organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), SO42−, NO3−, Cl−, Na+, K+, and NH4+generally varied with both fuel type and with the fire‐integrated modified combustion efficiency (MCE), a measure of the relative importance of flaming‐ and smoldering‐phase combustion to the total emissions during the burn. Chaparral fuels tended to emit less particulate OC per unit mass of dry fuel than did other fuel types, whereas southeastern species had some of the largest observed emission factors for total fine particulate matter. Our measurements spanned a larger range of MCE than prior studies, and thus help to improve estimates of the variation of emissions with combustion conditions for individual fuels.

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    Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres
    Article . 2009 . Peer-reviewed
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      Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres
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    Authors: White, William A.; McGraw, Maryann; Gustavson, Thomas C.;

    Preliminary environmental data, including current land use, substrate lithology, soils, natural hazards, water resources, biological assemblages, meteorological data, and regulatory considerations have been collected and analyzed for approximately 150 km/sup 2/ of land: (1) near Chocolate Bayou, Brazoria County, Texas, where a geopressured-geothermal test well was drilled in 1978, and (2) near the rural community of Armstrong, Kenedy County, Texas, where future geopressured-geothermal test well development may occur. The study was designed to establish an environmental data base and to determine, within spatial constraints set by subsurface reservoir conditions, environmentally suitable sites for geopressured-geothermal wells.

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    Authors: orcid Ingrid Kögel-Knabner;
    Ingrid Kögel-Knabner
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    Johannes Lehmann; orcid Ivan A. Janssens;
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    Ivan A. Janssens in OpenAIRE
    Susan E. Trumbore; +12 Authors

    Globally, soil organic matter (SOM) contains more than three times as much carbon as either the atmosphere or terrestrial vegetation. Yet it remains largely unknown why some SOM persists for millennia whereas other SOM decomposes readily--and this limits our ability to predict how soils will respond to climate change. Recent analytical and experimental advances have demonstrated that molecular structure alone does not control SOM stability: in fact, environmental and biological controls predominate. Here we propose ways to include this understanding in a new generation of experiments and soil carbon models, thereby improving predictions of the SOM response to global warming.

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    Nature
    Article . 2011 . Peer-reviewed
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    http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/natu...
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    https://dx.doi.org/10.5167/uzh...
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    Nature
    Article . 2012
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    Authors: Loucks, R.G.; Richmann, D.L.; Milliken, K.L.;

    Differing extents of diagenetic modification is the factor primarily responsible for contrasting regional reservoir quality of Tertiary sandstones from the Upper and Lower Texas Gulf Coast. Detailed comparison of Frio sandstones from the Chocolate Bayou/Danbury Dome area, Brazoria County, and Vicksburg sandstones from the McAllen Ranch Field area, Hidalgo County, reveals that extent of diagenetic modification is most strongly influenced by (1) detrital mineralogy and (2) regional geothermal gradients. Vicksburg sandstones from the McAllen Ranch Field area are less stable, chemically and mechanically, than Frio sandstones from the Chocolate Bayou/Danbury dome area. Vicksburg sandstones are mineralogically immature and contain greater proportions of feldspars and rock fragments than do Frio sandstones. Thr reactive detrital assemblage of Vicksubrg sandstones is highly susceptible to diagenetic modification. Susceptibility is enhanced by higher than normal geothermal gradients in the McAllen Ranch Field area. Thus, consolidation of Vicksburg sandstones began at shallower depth of burial and precipitation of authigenic phases (especially calcite) was more pervasive than in Frio sandstones. Moreover, the late-stage episode of ferroan calcite precipitation that occluded most secondary porosity in Vicksburg sandstones did not occur significantly in Frio sandstones. Therefore, regional reservoir quality of Frio sandstones from Brazoria County is far better than more » that characterizing Vicksburg sandstones from Hidalgo County, especially at depths suitable for geopressured geothermal energy production. « less

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    Authors: Vanhercke, T.; El Tahchy, A.; orcid Liu, Q.;
    Liu, Q.
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    Liu, Q. in OpenAIRE
    Zhou, XueRong; +14 Authors

    SummaryHigh biomass crops have recently attracted significant attention as an alternative platform for the renewable production of high energy storage lipids such as triacylglycerol (TAG). While TAG typically accumulates in seeds as storage compounds fuelling subsequent germination, levels in vegetative tissues are generally low. Here, we report the accumulation of more than 15% TAG (17.7% total lipids) by dry weight in Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco) leaves by the co‐expression of three genes involved in different aspects of TAG production without severely impacting plant development. These yields far exceed the levels found in wild‐type leaf tissue as well as previously reported engineered TAG yields in vegetative tissues of Arabidopsis thaliana and N. tabacum. When translated to a high biomass crop, the current levels would translate to an oil yield per hectare that exceeds those of most cultivated oilseed crops. Confocal fluorescence microscopy and mass spectrometry imaging confirmed the accumulation of TAG within leaf mesophyll cells. In addition, we explored the applicability of several existing oil‐processing methods using fresh leaf tissue. Our results demonstrate the technical feasibility of a vegetative plant oil production platform and provide for a step change in the bioenergy landscape, opening new prospects for sustainable food, high energy forage, biofuel and biomaterial applications.

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    Plant Biotechnology Journal
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    Plant Biotechnology Journal
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      Plant Biotechnology Journal
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    Authors: orcid Mihai Adamescu;
    Mihai Adamescu
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    Mihai Adamescu in OpenAIRE
    orcid Ricardo Rozzi;
    Ricardo Rozzi
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    Ricardo Rozzi; orcid Daniel E. Orenstein;
    Daniel E. Orenstein
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    Daniel E. Orenstein in OpenAIRE
    +5 Authors

    Over the past decade, long-term socio-ecological research (LTSER) has been established to better integrate social science research and societal concerns into the goals and objectives of the International Long-Term Ecological Research (ILTER) network, an established global network of long-term ecologicalmonitoring sites. TheHorizon 2020 eLTER project, currently underway, includes as one of its key objectives to evaluate the performance of LTSER platforms.This article reflects part of this evaluation: six LTSER platformswere assessed through site visits of the lead author, coupledwith reflections and insights of the platform managers, whoare also co-authors.We provide background for the mission and goals of LTSER, then assess the six international LTSERplatforms—Baltimore Ecosystem Study LTER, USA; Braila Island LTSER, Romania; Cairngorms LTSER, UK;Doñana LTSER, Spain;OmoraEthnobotanical Park CapeHorn LTER,Chile; and Sierra Nevada LTSER, Spain. While based on a strong theoretical foundation in socio-ecological research, there has been a steep learning curve for scientists applying the concept in practice at LTSERplatforms.We show positive impacts that have been achieved, including contributions to policy, land-use planning, and natural resourcemanagement.Weexplain key aspects of LTSERplatforms that have proven challenging, includingmanagement, interdisciplinary integration, and stakeholder collaboration.Wecharacterize the tensions between top-down desires for network harmonization, bottom-up demands such as local policy relevance, and platform-level constraints such as time and budget. Finally,we discuss challenges, such as local context dominating the character of LTSERplatforms, and the fact that scientists are often disincentivized from engaging in transdisciplinary science. Overall, we conclude that while the internationalnetwork offers important advantages to itsmembers, a more productive balance between local and global goals could be achieved, and membersmay need to temper their expectations of what the network can and cannot offer at the local level. Peer reviewed

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    Environmental Research Letters
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    Environmental Research Letters
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      Environmental Research Letters
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      Environmental Research Letters
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    Authors: Debout, D. G.; Weise, B. R.; Gregory, A. R.; Edwards, M. B.;

    The following subjects are included: regional setting, stratigraphic sections, Lower Wilcox sandstone distribution, formation pressure, formation temperature used to delineate geothermal fairways, Zapata Fairway, Duval Fairway, Live Oak Fairway, De Witt Fairway, Colorado Fairway, and Harris Fairway. Depositional and structural style, formation pressures and temperatures, porosity and permeability, formation water salinity, and Cuero Prospect are covered for De Witt Fairway. Depositional and structural style, formation and fluid properties, and Eagle Lake Prospect are covered for Colorado Fairway. (MHR)

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