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This deliverable includes the methodology in EnergyPROSPECTS for an in-depth study of energy citizenship. It features the criteria used for selecting the cases for indepth study, the list of cases selected for in-depth study as well as key research foci and empirical research questions.

Owing to their high luminous efficiency and tunable emission in both red light and far-red light regions, Mn4+ ion-activated phosphors have appealed significant interest in photoelectric and energy conversion devices such as white light emitting diode (W-LED), plant cultivation LED, and temperature thermometer. Up to now, Mn4+ has been widely introduced into the lattices of various inorganic hosts for brightly red-emitting phosphors. However, how to correlate the structure-activity relationship between host framework, luminescence property, and photoelectric device is urgently demanded. In this review, we thoroughly summarize the recent advances of Mn4+ doped phosphors. Meanwhile, several strategies like co-doping and defect passivation for improving Mn4+ emission are also discussed. Most importantly, the relationship between the protocols for tailoring the structures of Mn4+ doped phosphors, increased luminescence performance, and the targeted devices with efficient photoelectric and energy conversion efficiency is deeply correlated. Finally, the challenges and perspectives of Mn4+ doped phosphors for practical applications are anticipated. We cordially anticipate that this review can deliver a deep comprehension of not only Mn4+ luminescence mechanism but also the crystal structure tailoring strategy of phosphors, so as to spur innovative thoughts in designing advanced phosphors and deepening the applications.

Indian agriculture has made a significant progress in recent years, but of late it is facing many challenges due to the adverse effect of climate change. Moreover, the increasing population pressurizes the agricultural sector for enhanced food production. To face the challenges of food security and climate change, the country needs to reorient its land use and agriculture with the state-of-the-art technologies and policy initiatives. DST through its research initiatives, has partnered with three institutions viz., Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore; International Crop Research Institute on Semi-Arid Tropics, Hyderabad and Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi to develop potential techniques and technologies for adaptation in agriculture to increase resilience against climate change in sustaining crop production. The paper briefly presents outcome of these studies.

Rainfed agriculture (1.25 billion hectares out of 1.55 billion hectares arable area) plays an important role globally in improving livelihoods and food security as it covers 63 per cent of total agriculture in Asia and 97 per cent in Africa. These areas are not only the hotspots of poverty but are also food insecure, hotspots of malnutrition, water scarcity, prone to severe land degradation and more vulnerable to the impacts of climate change.1 With increasing demand for food production to meet the needs of the growing population (9 billion by 2050), growing incomes and changing food habits, water scarcity will also intensify. The per-capita availability of water has declined considerably; for example, in India water availability was 1,820 cubic metres per person in 2001 compared to 5,177 cubic metres in 1951, and it is expected to decrease further to 1,341 cubic metres by 2025 and 1140 cubic metres by 2050.

This report sets out to analyse South Korea’s positioning in non-traditional security. Since the end of the Cold War, non-traditional threats have become more central to the national security of countries everywhere across the world. South Korea is no exception. However, most existing analyses of South Korea’s security tend to focus on traditional issues and great power politics, most notably North Korea’s military capabilities or Sino-American rivalry and the threat that each of them poses to South Korea. This report helps to address this imbalance in our understanding of threats to South Korean national security. The report analyses non-traditional security by focusing on four key domains: cyber, energy, maritime and trade.

Various energy storage devices are highly demanded by o ur modern society. The use of solar energy, an important green energy source, is extremely attractive for future energy storage. Recently, photo-assisted energy storage devices have rapidly developed as they efficiently convert and store solar energy, while their configurations are simple and their external energy decline is much reduced. Light-assisted energy storage devices thus provide a potential way to utilize sunlight at a large scale that is both affordable and limitless. Considering rapid development and emerging problems for photo-assisted energy storage devices, this review starts with the fundamentals of batteries and supercapacitors and follows with the state-of-the-art photo-assisted energy storage devices where device components, working principles, types, and practical applications are explained. After the detailed demonstration of some photo-assisted energy storage devices examples, the bottleneck of such light-assisted energy storage devices is discussed and the prospects of the light-assisted rechargeable devices are further outlined. X.D. thanks the China Scholarship Council (CSC) for the financial support (No. 202106250006). X.C. thanks the China Scholarship Council (CSC) for the financial support (No. 202008420219). N.Y. thanks the financial support from the Deutsche Forschungsgemein-schaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under the Project No. 457444676.

No abstract available

Seasonal variability in the physico-chemical features, zooplankton standing stock (biomass) and faunal composition in the Mandovi-Zuari estuarine system of Goa, India, during January to December 1990 were studied. Hydrobiological characteristics were influenced by the southwest monsoon. Salinity fluctuations were drastic (0.1 to 36.6 x 10 sup(-3)). This appeared to cause variations in plankton production and heterogeneity of various taxa. Zooplankton biomass and total numerical counts varied significantly between seasons and estuaries. Highest biomass values (1.9 ml/m sup(3)) were recorded in the Zuari Estuary but the maximum counts (25700/m sup(3)) were obtained in the Mandovi Estuary. Crustaceans particularly copepods predominated (54.9 to 70.6%). Invertebrate larvae, luciferied shrimps, cladocerans and chaetognaths were the other common zooplankton groups. Distribution and abundance of majority of constituent groups and species were influenced by various hydrographical characteristics of the environment.