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AbstractWe measured dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) stable isotopes (813CDIC in ‰) of brine from an observation well within the first aquifer above the CO2 reservoir at the Ketzin pilot site, to test weather these can detect potential CO2 leakage. The monitoring revealed that DIC concentrations and 813CDIC values were masked by the used high alkaline drilling mud, even eight months after well development. However, subsequent changes in 813CDIC and DIC from of -27 ‰ and 165mg L−1 to -23.5 ‰ and 116mg L−1 reflect most likely a shift towards pristine values of the aquifer.

Abstract To improve food security a conceptual integration beyond the scope of production in the agricultural sector due to examination of critical supply chain system compartments and levels of services (“integrated food production and supply systems”) is proposed. For creating systematic results, a platform integrating various perspectives of experts has been established following the principle of triple helix stakeholdership (business practice, public management/policy and also science). During a series of workshops, the main actors, success factors, challenges and communication strategies have been identified for shaping sustainable food supply chains under use of systems thinking and the application of Participatory Systems mapping (PSM). In this line, the paper presents how “system maps” based on the method of PSM are used to gain insights into sustainable logistics services facilitating sustainable consumption patterns, enabling participatory considerations and the productive exchange of knowledge.

AbstractThe CO2 Field Lab project consisted in an injection of 1.7 tons of CO2 at a 20 m depth within a shallow aquifer located in fluvio-glacial deposits. Baseline acquisitions, leakage monitoring and post-injection monitoring were performed in the water phase at different depths (5, 10 and 15 m).Strong deviations of pH, specific conductance or alkalinity were observed and monitored at the horizons affected by the CO2 intrusion. The complex distribution of waters in the ridge deposits not only induced water/rock interactions but also mixing of saline and fresh waters. This points out the complexity of natural environments and the challenge in identifying CO2 leakage from deeper-seated reservoirs.

AbstractFrance Nord project is a Joint Industry Project that has grouped 4 public research institutes (BRGM, IFPEN, INERIS and Eifer) and 7 industrial partners (Total, GDF SUEZ, Storengy, EDF, Air Liquide, Lafarge and Vallourec) from 2008 to 2012. The first step of the France Nord project was to identify in the deep saline aquifers of the Paris Basin a geological site providing a storage capacity of at least 200 Mt of CO2 during 40 years of injection. This level of capacity is considered as appropriate for a project of industrial size. In parallel, a review of the CO2 emitters in Northern France was performed and potential CO2 transportation solutions were reviewed. The second step was to implement a CCS pilot in a CO2 storage target identified previously. An R&D program has also been implemented, reviewing key elements of the CCS chain.Five potential CO2 storage targets were analyzed in detail, following a regional geological assessment, a geological modeling and dynamical flow simulations. However, on the basis of available data, it was not possible during the project to identify a CO2 storage site with the target capacity of 200 Mt of CO2. As a consequence, the demonstration pilot was not implemented.These results are discussed and compared to past CO2 storage assessments of the Paris Basin that provided much higher estimations of the saline aquifer CO2 storage capacity of the basin.

AbstractCurrent world-wide scientific activities addressing geological CO2 storage highlight one question of utmost importance for the general feasibility of CO2 storage in saline aquifers: What is the risk for freshwater reservoirs by potential upward brine migration as a result of pressure elevation in the storage formations? A vertical 1D model from reservoir depth to the surface was applied of a prospective storage site in the North German Basin to study the sealing capacity of a multi barrier system. Results emphasize that saltwater does not reach into the groundwater resources through intact caprocks.

Disposal of food and drink wastes, including packaging wastes, has a significant cost and environmental impact. All carbon containing wastes have an energy potential and the food industry should focus on recovering that energy to offset their reliance on fossil-fuel derived energy sources. This paper focuses on the novel use of intermediate pyrolysis for decarbonizing the food chain, through the treatment of food and packaging waste, to recover energy. The TCR is a versatile technology which overcomes many of the traditional problems associated with fast pyrolysis and can thermo-chemically convert a range of different feedstocks, including inaccessible lignin and some inorganic, recalcitrant materials. The feedstocks are converted into new fuel sources; char, bio-oil (thermally stable) and permanent gases, for further electrical and heat generation. Ultimately with the use of the TCR technology, the food production industry could look to using decentralized power generation located on-site of large food processing facilities to optimize their energy efficiencies.

AbstractSamples of differently heat treated high alloyed stainless injection-pipe steels AISI 420 X46Cr13, AISI 420J X20Cr13 as well as X5CrNiCuNb16-4 AISI 630 were kept at T=60°C and ambient pressure as well as p=100bar for 700h - 8000h in a CO2- saturated synthetic aquifer environment similar to possible geological on-shore CCS-sites in the northern German Basin. Corrosion rates and scale growth are lowest after long term exposure for steels hardened and tempered at 600 to 670°C and pits - indicating local corrosion- decrease in diameter but increase in number as a function of carbon content of the steel. Martensitic microstructure is preferred with respect to this particular CCS-site.