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The Danish energy system is undergoing a transition from a system based on storable fossil fuels to a system based on fluctuating renewable energy sources. At the same time, more of and more of the energy system is becoming electrified; transportation, heating and fuel usage in industry and elsewhere. This article investigates the development of the Danish energy system in a medium year 2030 situation as well as in a long-term year 2050 situation. The analyses are based on scenario development by the Danish Climate Commission. In the short term, it is investigated what the effects will be of having flexible or inflexible electric vehicles and individual heat pumps, and in the long term it is investigated what the effects of changes in the load profiles due to changing weights of demand sectors are. The analyses are based on energy systems simulations using EnergyPLAN and demand forecasting using the Helena model. The results show that even with a limited short-term electric car fleet, these will have a significant effect on the energy system; the energy system’s ability to integrated wind power and the demand for condensing power generation capacity in the system. Charging patterns and flexibility have significant effects on this. Likewise, individual heat pumps may affect the system operation if they are equipped with heat storages. The analyses also show that the long-term changes in electricity demand curve profiles have little impact on the energy system performance. The flexibility given by heat pumps and electric vehicles in the long-term future overshadows any effects of changes in hourly demand curve profiles. International Journal of Sustainable Energy Planning and Management, Vol 7 (2015)

Department of Chemistry, Jai Narain Vyas University, Jodhpur-342 001, Rajasthan, India E-mail : krg2004@rediffmail.com Manuscript received 1 June 2006, revised 15 January 2007, accepted 17 January 2007 Brij-35, DTPA and Bismark Brown were used as surfactant, reductant and photosensitizer respectively in photogalvanic cell and photogalvanic effect was studied. The photopotential and photocurrent generated by this system were 786.0 m V and ll5.0 µA respectively. The observed conversion efficiency, fit! factor, cell performance in dark and maximum power obtained were observed 0.5192%, 0.48, 117.0 min and 54.00 µW, respectively.

Among the major applications of solar photovoltaics, Grid Interactive (GI) operation has maximum energy conversion efficiencies, easy to install & operate and offers faster paybacks. GI system’s performance is rated based on performance indicators like energy yields (daily, monthly & yearly) and Performance Ratio (PR). While the energy yields depends on intensity of sun radiation & temperature, the PR values are independent of sun radiation and PV array size, and solely dependent on the ambient temperature, Spectral Response(SR) of solar cells and sun spectrum distribution at site and time. Hence, PR values are site specific and technology dependent. For this reason it is imperative to identify site specific PV technologies those offer maximum yields based on PR values. Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE), Government of India initiated one of the world’s most ambitious Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission (JNNSM) programme targeting to establish 20GWp capacity of solar power plants in the country by 2020. The proposed studies by Solar Energy Centre (SEC) are in conjunction with MNRE programme and an initial step towards preparation of PR rating maps for the country. This paper presents SEC’s studies on PR values for three PV technology modules through outdoor test beds. 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 3566-3568

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the world's leading cause of mortality accounting for an estimated 31% of all deaths worldwide. Out of 17.9 million deaths per year due to CVDs, three-fourths of these deaths have occurred as there are no systems in place to predict the occurrence of a heart attack and warn the patient or doctor to take appropriate action. Data generated by clinical reports and examination reports by doctors are available for prediction through ERP models. Data science and reliable algorithms powered by AI can be used to develop medical devices that can predict such incidents of CVDs. In this paper, seven common classifiers are implemented that are computationally inexpensive and easily implementable and their performance metrics are compared. Two feature selection techniques are implemented and Grid Search is used for hyper-parameter tuning. Using k-fold cross-validation, classifiers are then evaluated, which generates classification metrics such as accuracy, f1-score, recall, and precision. It is evident from the study that the combination of Random Forest Classifier and SelectKBest feature selector has the highest accuracy of 89.706% and precision of 89.655%. To view and download the paper for free, visit: http://pices-journal.com/ojs/index.php/pices/article/view/283

Prediction of daylight illuminance has become the prime concern for building designers. This paper presents the daylight illuminance frequency distribution, correlation coefficients amongst climate variables and linear regression models developed for moderate climate zone. The emphasis of the present study is to predict daylight illuminance intensities and to investigate its relationship amongst the important climatic variables such as temperature, percentage sky clearance and percentage relative humidity at specific timings of the day, observed during different climatic conditions and seasons. The daylight illuminance data is collected with the help of digital ‘Lux’ meter across the Pune city (India). The daylight illuminance frequency distribution, correlation coefficients and the linear regression models derived for four climate specific months are presented and explained. The minimum illuminance level of 6260 Lux is observed at 8.00 am whereas the maximum is 147300 Lux at 12.00 noon in the month of July and the highest frequency of illuminance intensities falls in the range 140000-145000 Lux. A better association (positive) of illuminance intensities has been observed with percentage sky clearance variable; the correlation coefficients in the month of July are 0.678, 0.656 and 0.453. The percentage error between predicted and measured values of daylight illuminance levels derived from the developed regression models varies from 4.47% to 12.33%.

The tribological characteristics of biodiesel PME (Pongamia oil methyl ester) is analysed in this work. Three blends B20, B50 and B80 of pongamia methyl ester with diesel were prepared. Tribological studies were performed with these blends using fourball tribotester and reciprocating wear tester to analyse the friction and wear behavior at various operating parameters. It was observed that wear and frictional torque reduced with increase in biodiesel content. The frictional torque was found to decrease with time. Thus, higher blends have a lower coefficient of friction than lower blends. Wear in the steel ball for the B50 blend is 25% less than that for the B20 blend and the wear appears to stabilize for concentrations greater than B50. Reciprocating wear test on cylinder liner-piston ring suggested that PME could offer better lubricity between the sliding surfaces than that of pure diesel. SEM anlaysis of the worn surfaces suggested that the surface lubricated with PME blends were less affected during the wear process when compared to those with pure diesel.

Peer-reviewed journal article Applied Rheology

This paper discusses the combustion propensity of single cylinder direct injection engine fueled with palm kernel methyl ester (PKME), which is non- edible oil and a secondary co-injection of saturated Diethyl ether (DEE) with water. DEE along with water is fumigated through a high pressure nozzle fitted to the inlet manifold of the engine and the flow rate of the secondary injection was electronically controlled. DEE is known to improve the cold starting problem in engines when used in straight diesel fuel. However, its application in emulsion form is little known. Experimental results show that for 5% DEE- H2O solution injection, occurrence of maximum net heat release rate is delayed due to controlled premixed combustion, which normally helped in better torque conversion when the piston is in accelerated mode. Vibration measurements in the frequency range of 900Hz to 1300Hz revealed that a new mode of combustion has taken place with different excitation frequencies.

The Indian Power Sector(IPS) is under gradual transition from over-reliant fossil fuel (62%) to Sustainable Energy Source(SES), primarily to achieve targets of SDGs and the Paris Agreement to base 40% of the total power generation capacity on non-fossil fuel resources by 2030. In this context, the solar power generation is on the fast-track whereas, hydropower development is lagging behind due to various reasons causing time and cost escalation, hence the sustainability of IPS in terms of flexibility and reliability in integration with other Renewable Energy Source will remain a challenge. With this concern, the focus of this study is to (i) analyze and prioritize the hydropower potential (HPP) in the Indian Himalayan Region, (ii) identify the prime constraints in the way of hydropower development and (iii) discuss the way-forward for sustainable planning of hydropower development whilst appropriately managing time & cost over-runs including socio-environmental concerns. The methodology involves literature review and analysis of secondary data about IPS, hydropower resources and project-specific risks prevalent in ongoing HEPs in India. The result shows that the Indian Himalayan Region has enough (73%) balance HPP in 12 different States; sustainable harnessing of which requires proper addressing of the prime constraints viz., multiple public consultations in clearance process, litigations, high investment, socio-political and contractual issues, mainly through procedural reforms by the State Governments which have constitutional right over land and water in the federal structure of India. The finding of study will be useful for planning process of entrepreneurs, investors and policy makers in the direction to achieve the target of SES beyond India’s Nationally Determined Contribution. International Journal of Sustainable Energy Planning and Management, Vol. 28 (2020)