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In this paper, we have studied the solar radiation data available at two meteorological stations located in the south of Tunisia. Measurements of global solar radiation on horizontal surface are compared to predictions made by different methods. The first method is based on Angström-Prescott formula which correlates relative global solar radiation H/H0 to corresponding relative duration of bright sunshine SS/SS0. The second method, a model due to Mechlouch et al., uses cloud cover N, the hours of the day t and the quantum of the year q. The third method, an empirical relation due to Sivkov, uses the monthly sunshine duration nm and the noon altitude of the sun h. The models are compared and tested on the basis of statistical error tests (MBE, RMSE, MPE and R2) and the results are presented.

In this paper, we have studied the solar radiation data available at two meteorological stations located in the south of Tunisia. Measurements of global solar radiation on horizontal surface are compared to predictions made by different methods. The first method is based on Angström-Prescott formula which correlates relative global solar radiation H/H0 to corresponding relative duration of bright sunshine SS/SS0. The second method, a model due to Mechlouch et al., uses cloud cover N, the hours of the day t and the quantum of the year q. The third method, an empirical relation due to Sivkov, uses the monthly sunshine duration nm and the noon altitude of the sun h. The models are compared and tested on the basis of statistical error tests (MBE, RMSE, MPE and R2) and the results are presented.

The adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) is considered a promising solution to address the negative impacts of conventional vehicles on the environment and human health. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the current state of EVs, including their types, technology, adoption, government policies, environmental impact, and future prospects. The review reveals that EVs have the potential to significantly reduce air pollution, greenhouse gas emissions, and noise pollution. However, their adoption has been hindered by various factors such as perceived usefulness, ease of use, and risk, which can be addressed through policy interventions and infrastructure development. The paper highlights the significance of the Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of Electric Vehicles (FAME) scheme in India and other international policies and initiatives to support the adoption of EVs. The review also identifies the technological advances and battery development as promising opportunities for the future of EVs. The paper concludes by providing implications for policy and practice, including the need for incentives and infrastructure development to promote EV adoption and recommends further research on the consumer trends and challenges in the adoption of EVs.

The adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) is considered a promising solution to address the negative impacts of conventional vehicles on the environment and human health. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the current state of EVs, including their types, technology, adoption, government policies, environmental impact, and future prospects. The review reveals that EVs have the potential to significantly reduce air pollution, greenhouse gas emissions, and noise pollution. However, their adoption has been hindered by various factors such as perceived usefulness, ease of use, and risk, which can be addressed through policy interventions and infrastructure development. The paper highlights the significance of the Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of Electric Vehicles (FAME) scheme in India and other international policies and initiatives to support the adoption of EVs. The review also identifies the technological advances and battery development as promising opportunities for the future of EVs. The paper concludes by providing implications for policy and practice, including the need for incentives and infrastructure development to promote EV adoption and recommends further research on the consumer trends and challenges in the adoption of EVs.

Malaria is largely neglected in the South-East Asia Region (SEAR), although it has the highest number of people susceptible to the disease. Malaria in the SEAR exhibits special epidemiological characteristics such as "forest malaria" and malaria due to migration across international borders. The Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) has been a focal-point for the emergence of drug resistant malaria. With the recent emergence of artemisinin resistance, coupled with the limited availability of insecticides, malaria control efforts in the SEAR face a steep challenge. Indirect man-made factors such as climate change, as well as direct man-made factors such as the circulation of counterfeit drugs have added to the problem. Increased monitoring, surveillance, pharmacovigilance as well as cross-border collaboration are required to address these problems. Regional networking and data-sharing will keep all stakeholders updated about the status of various malaria control programmes in the SEAR. Cutting-edge technologies such as GIS/GPS (geographical information system/global positioning system) systems and mobile phones can provide information in "real-time". A holistic and sustained approach to malaria control by integrated vector management (IVM) is suggested, in which all the stakeholder countries work collaboratively as a consortium. This approach will address the malaria problem in a collective manner so that malaria control can be sustained over time.

Malaria is largely neglected in the South-East Asia Region (SEAR), although it has the highest number of people susceptible to the disease. Malaria in the SEAR exhibits special epidemiological characteristics such as "forest malaria" and malaria due to migration across international borders. The Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) has been a focal-point for the emergence of drug resistant malaria. With the recent emergence of artemisinin resistance, coupled with the limited availability of insecticides, malaria control efforts in the SEAR face a steep challenge. Indirect man-made factors such as climate change, as well as direct man-made factors such as the circulation of counterfeit drugs have added to the problem. Increased monitoring, surveillance, pharmacovigilance as well as cross-border collaboration are required to address these problems. Regional networking and data-sharing will keep all stakeholders updated about the status of various malaria control programmes in the SEAR. Cutting-edge technologies such as GIS/GPS (geographical information system/global positioning system) systems and mobile phones can provide information in "real-time". A holistic and sustained approach to malaria control by integrated vector management (IVM) is suggested, in which all the stakeholder countries work collaboratively as a consortium. This approach will address the malaria problem in a collective manner so that malaria control can be sustained over time.

This paper establishes the linkage of short duration pigeonpea adoption to farmers' perceptions on the issue of sustainability. Results from a formal on-farm survey and rapid rural appraisals conducted in a drought prone area in Central India, confirm that: a) farmers have a high degree of awareness regarding the effects of intensive cultivation of cash crops such as sugarcane or cotton in irrigated tracts - in terms of reduced yields and increasing use of inputs; b) appropriate crop/varietal adoption and management practices are consciously taken to maintain productivity levels in the context of existing and desired cropping systems; and c) farmers increase or maintain soil fertility by rotation with nitrogen fixing legumes and alternate pigeonpea in different plots each year. Farmers are aware of the nodulation capacity of legumes such as pigeonpea. For these reasons, short duration pigeonpea is chosen as most appropriate for profitable double cropping in deep black soils. The crop is also grown as a boundary crop to prevent soil erosion.

This paper establishes the linkage of short duration pigeonpea adoption to farmers' perceptions on the issue of sustainability. Results from a formal on-farm survey and rapid rural appraisals conducted in a drought prone area in Central India, confirm that: a) farmers have a high degree of awareness regarding the effects of intensive cultivation of cash crops such as sugarcane or cotton in irrigated tracts - in terms of reduced yields and increasing use of inputs; b) appropriate crop/varietal adoption and management practices are consciously taken to maintain productivity levels in the context of existing and desired cropping systems; and c) farmers increase or maintain soil fertility by rotation with nitrogen fixing legumes and alternate pigeonpea in different plots each year. Farmers are aware of the nodulation capacity of legumes such as pigeonpea. For these reasons, short duration pigeonpea is chosen as most appropriate for profitable double cropping in deep black soils. The crop is also grown as a boundary crop to prevent soil erosion.

Our earth is warming up. There is no denying to this fact that the gradual heating up of our globe has a tremendous effect on the climate. It in turn has affected the biotic factors that make up our biosphere, eventually directing the course of our socio-economic development. Some workers are, however, optimistic about this natural phenomenon. Various ways have been suggested to mitigate the effects of global warming, but the damage already done cannot be revoked. Hence, the thing that we are left with is to go for anticipatory adaptive measures so as to tone down the intensity of future implications of global warming.