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  • DocTA - Doctoral Theses Archive

  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: CHIAZZESE, MURJAL;

    The effect of greenhouse gases (GHG) on climate change led many experts to consider the reduction of GHGs emissions as a crucial strategy to tackle the predicted global warming. In particular, atmospheric warming is caused mainly by carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O). It is widely accepted that the main anthropogenic source of GHG (except CO2) is due to agriculture activities. The purpose of this study was to help define concepts and tools to facilitate agricultural sector to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. In particular we based our focus on measuring systems for CO2 emissions, testing the performance of novel system (SASSFlux) and its features in different condition with two widely used instruments (Bruel&Kjaer and gas chromatography). Moreover we testing two process-based models, DNDC and SPACSYS, evaluating their performance and the agreement between simulated and measured data on a experiment carried out on lysimeters. At the end we applied all the knowledge acquired on a field experiment evaluating CO2 and N2O emissions from different organic and mineral fertilizers and tillage. The complete thesis aims to provide a comprehensive view of the different aspects to be addressed in the assessment of GHG emissions from different scenarios of agricultural management. L'effetto dei gas serra sul cambiamento climatico ha portato molti esperti a considerare la riduzione delle emissioni di gas serra come strategia per il riscaldamento globale. In particolare tale fenomeno è causato dall’anidride carbonica (CO2), metano (CH4) e il protossido di azoto (N2O). E 'ampiamente accettato che la principale fonte antropica di gas a effetto serra (tranne CO2) è dovuta alle attività agricole. Lo scopo di questo studio è quello di definire concetti e strumenti per facilitare il settore agricolo a ridurre le emissioni di gas serra. In particolare, abbiamo posto la nostra attenzione ai sistemi di misurazione delle emissioni dal suolo, testando un nuovo sistema (SASSFlux) e le sue caratteristiche a confronto con due strumenti ampiamente utilizzati (Bruel & Kjaer e gascromatografia). Inoltre abbiamo testato due modelli di simulazione (DNDC e SPACSYS) valutando i dati simulati e quelli misurati su un esperimento effettuato su lisimetri. In fine abbiamo applicato le conoscenze acquisite in pieno campo per la valutazione delle emissioni di CO2 e N2O con diversi concimi e lavorazione del terreno. La tesi si propone di fornire una visione completa dei diversi aspetti da affrontare nella valutazione delle emissioni di gas serra provenienti da diversi scenari di gestione agricola.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ DocTA - Doctoral The...arrow_drop_down
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ DocTA - Doctoral The...arrow_drop_down
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    Authors: GEREMIA, MARTA;

    Obiettivo della tesi è l’esplorazione di aspetti della relazione tra consumatori eticamente orientati ed aziende, considerando molteplici manifestazioni di relazioni problematiche consumatori-impresa o dalla cui relazione scaturiscono modificazioni sociali e di mercato. Nel primo studio si è indagata la capacità trasformativa dei consumatori eticamente orientati organizzati in GAS (Gruppi di Acquisto Solidali) mediante l’engagement relazionale con le imprese. Attraverso un duplice livello di engagement, tra membri del gruppo e del gruppo con i fornitori, si determinano collaborazioni impresa-consumatori basate sui valori che spingono alla modificazione di meccanismi di mercato alternativi rispetto a quelli mainstream. Nel secondo studio si è indagata la relazione, talora problematica tra consumatori-cittadini etici e non nei confronti di business sostenibili, nel caso specifico la produzione di energia da biomassa. Nonostante il business sia considerato sostenibile, la relazione dei consumatori etici con tali business può risultare non lineare e generare comportamenti positivi o negativi dei consumatori-cittadini nei confronti della fonte energetica. Infine, adottando la prospettiva dell’impresa, si è esplorato come business sostenibili, nel caso specifico setting di ricerca sono i servizi di car sharing, sono in grado di modificare atteggiamenti e comportamenti degli utenti attraverso l’uso del servizio. The dissertation aims at exploring multifaceted aspects of ethical consumers-organization relationships. It takes into consideration multiple manifestations of issues aroused by the relationship and the market transformations lead by said relationships. The first study explores the potential of collective ethical consumers grouped in Solidarity Purchasing Groups (GAS) engaged with organizations to cooperate in order to affect market mechanisms and determine ethical transformations. A collaboration enhanced at switching mainstream market mechanisms towards improving sustainability values based markets is established between the ethical consumers groups and producers. On the second study a questionable ethical and non ethical consumers relationship with sustainable businesses, specifically biomass energy producers, has been taken into consideration. Though being sustainable, the consumer-citizen relationship with the firm could lead both to positive and negative behaviours. The last research, stemming from a car sharing organization’s perspective, explores the potential of a sustainable business model to affect and modify towards sustainability features consumers’ attitudes and behaviours through the use of sustainable business model as the car sharing services.

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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ DocTA - Doctoral The...arrow_drop_down
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    Authors: GRAZIANO, PAOLA;

    The aim of the work is to provide a theoretical framework regarding the multidimensional concept of vulnerability of local systems, then applying it to a case study on Italian provinces. The first chapter outlines a theoretical framework of this concept, using a reading of the phenomenon according to a systemic mold, whereby the risk is positively correlated with spatial vulnerability factors and negatively with resilience factors. Region is represented in the three dimensions of sustainability, that is the economic, social and environmental ones, following a holistic approach. The second one applies the theoretical framework for a study on the Italian provinces. We have adopted a method of synthesis by successive steps, which provides the application of multivariate techniques. We arrive at an indicators system and composite indices of economic, social and environmental vulnerability and resilience. In the third one we reach the composite indices of vulnerability and resilience of local systems, comparing different methods of aggregation among themselves. Systems are identified as most at risk, because more vulnerable and less gifted with factors of response to change. Elements of originality are highlighted in terms of theoretical project for the treatment of the theme in the distinct dimensions Economy, Society and Environment, as well as, at empirical level, the usage of hybrid synthesis methods. L’obiettivo della tesi è ideare uno schema teorico del concetto multidimensionale di rischio territoriale, applicandolo successivamente ad un caso di studio sulle province italiane. Nel primo capitolo si delinea uno schema teorico del concetto di rischio territoriale, utilizzando una lettura del fenomeno di stampo sistemico, secondo cui il rischio è correlato positivamente a fattori di vulnerabilità territoriale e negativamente a fattori di resilienza. Il territorio viene rappresentato nelle tre dimensioni della sostenibilità, quella economica, sociale e ambientale, seguendo un approccio olistico. Nel secondo si applica lo schema teorico ad uno studio sulle province italiane. Si adotta una metodologia di sintesi a passaggi successivi, che prevede l’applicazione di tecniche multivariate. Si giunge ad un sistema di indicatori ed indici sintetici di vulnerabilità e resilienza economica, sociale e ambientale. Nel terzo si giunge agli indici sintetici di vulnerabilità e resilienza territoriale, confrontando metodi di aggregazione differenti. Si individuano così i sistemi locali più a rischio, perchè più vulnerabili e meno dotati di fattori di risposta al cambiamento. Si evidenziano elementi di originalità a livello di disegno teorico, per la trattazione del tema nelle dimensioni distinte Economia, Società e Ambiente, e a livello empirico, per l’utilizzo di metodologie di sintesi ibride.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ DocTA - Doctoral The...arrow_drop_down
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ DocTA - Doctoral The...arrow_drop_down
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: orcid SANDRINI, SIMONA;
    SANDRINI, SIMONA
    ORCID
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    SANDRINI, SIMONA in OpenAIRE

    L’intensità del trasporto alimentare è un trend destinato ad aumentare nella sua complessità. La ricerca attesta come sia rilevante analizzare “come il cibo viaggia”, forse più di “quanto il cibo viaggia”, nel mercato globalizzato dei prodotti agroalimentari, nelle realtà urbane che modificano le abitudini di consumo e nel “global food system” composto da cinque tipologie di sistemi agroalimentari. Gli impatti in sostenibilità sono strettamente dipendenti dall’efficienza del trasporto e della logistica, di merci agroalimentari e di persone che si spostano per l’approvvigionamento, dal campo al consumatore e viceversa. Eppure il concetto di food miles si è ampiamente diffuso tra gruppi di consumatori, attestando mutamenti culturali significativi. Si pensi all’idea tutta italiana di “km-zero”. “Può il trasporto del cibo essere economicamente, socialmente e culturalmente sostenibile, per conservare l'ecosistema?” Questa domanda, approfondita pedagogicamente, può essere riformulata: “How can consumers, economical stakeholders and policy makers become environmentally friendly about transportation of food?” Il quesito conduce all’interrogativo di quale formazione e ricerca interdisciplinare progettare per orientare gli sforzi verso questo fine. Una nuova formulazione concettuale potrebbe promuovere azioni sostenibili per la mobilità e i trasporti sulle lunghe, medie e corte distanze, per la filiera lunga e corta: il “Kmetro verde”. The transportation of agro-alimentary products is constantly evolving. The research has been focusing on long distances, tied with the global market. But results in a lack of investigations in medium and short distances which also possess some efficiency gain. The investigation of these shorter mode of transport is paramount as they have significant impact on the triptych of sustainability. In this context, the concepts of "food miles" and of "km-zero" have spread widely among the consumers, attesting the community awareness regarding sustainability issues. However, as environmental concerns arise, such concept has showed it's limit. Therefore the question, "Can transportation of food become economically, socially and culturally sustainable, to preserve the ecosystem?", that lead to this concept, needs to be reassessed. Starting from a pedagogical standpoint, this question can be rephrased as “How can consumers, economical stakeholders and policy makers become environmentally friendly about transportation of food, to preserve the ecosystem?”. For a successful undertaking of such problematic, it is paramount to evaluate the need of novel training practises as well as the design of interdisciplinary research. A new formulation of such concept, embodied in "kmeter green", would aim to promote sustainable mobility on all the distances and chains' lengths.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ DocTA - Doctoral The...arrow_drop_down
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    Authors: MAZZOLI, SERENA;

    The undeniable truth of the serious consequences inflicted to our planet by a progress that is exclusively linked to quantitative growth and profit has paved the way for new development models based on the value of sustainability. However, sustainability is rarely spontaneously achieve: it is the result of an educational process through which individuals becomes aware of the interconnections that bind them to nature, to society and to humanity itself. It is relevant, therefore, to identify promising training environments to promote effective educational activities on sustainability, with the goal of nudging young people towards adequate lifestyles, creating dignified, creative and “green” jobs. Among these potentially relevant educational and training environments, work-related learning (Alternanza scuola-lavoro in Italian) and the paths for transversal skills and guidance (Percorsi per le competenze trasversali e per l’orientamento in Italian), provided in Italy for all students in the last three years of secondary schools, can represent successful educational opportunities to acquire, through active learning models, the tools needed to face the evolution of the educational processes and work- related dynamics, as well as to construct a responsible and competent citizenship, favoring a fair and lasting development for the benefit of current and future generations. L’innegabile evidenza delle gravi conseguenze a carico del nostro pianeta generate da un progresso legato esclusivamente alla crescita quantitativa e al profitto, ha aperto la strada a nuovi modelli di sviluppo centrati sul valore della sostenibilità. Tuttavia, la sostenibilità non nasce in maniera spontanea ma è il risultato di un processo di educazione attraverso il quale la persona prende coscienza delle interconnessioni che la legano, indissolubilmente, alla natura, alla società, all’umanità stessa. Diventa importante, dunque, individuare ambiti formativi promettenti per promuovere efficaci azioni educative riguardo alla sostenibilità, con l’obiettivo di orientare i giovani all’acquisizione di stili di vita adeguati e di posti di lavoro dignitosi, creativi, “verdi”. Tra questi, l’alternanza scuola-lavoro e i percorsi per le competenze trasversali e per l’orientamento, previsti in Italia per tutti gli studenti dell’ultimo triennio delle scuole secondarie di secondo grado, possono rappresentare fruttuose opportunità educative per acquisire, attraverso modalità di apprendimento attivo, strumenti idonei a fronteggiare l’evoluzione dei processi formativi e delle dinamiche professionali, nonché l’esercizio di una cittadinanza responsabile e competente in favore di uno sviluppo equo e durevole a vantaggio delle generazioni presenti e future.

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    Authors: MERLI, MARIA CLARA;

    A seguito degli scenari imposti dal cambio climatico il miglioramento dell’efficienza di uso dell’acqua (WUE) delle colture sono divenuti obiettivi fondamentali da perseguire. Il seguente studio pone al centro la WUE come parametro fisiologico cardine nella definizione del comportamento della vite in caso di riduzione della disponibilità idrica e si pone come obiettivo di valutarne le diverse forme di espressione, per individuare quale di queste sia meglio correlata alle performance delle varietà considerate, al fine di ottenere dati oggettivi che consentano di derivare consigli per la messa a punto di una più idonea tecnica irrigua. Nel triennio è stata valutata la risposta fisiologica di Sangiovese e Montepulciano, sottoposti a stress idrico di differente intensità in fasi fenologiche diverse. Inoltre, sono state saggiate le potenzialità genetiche della vite in condizioni di limitata disponibilità idrica attraverso il confronto delle performance di viti di Sangiovese innestate su due diversi portinnesti, ovvero confrontando un genotipo tradizionalmente sensibile, SO4, con uno selezionato in funzione della resistenza allo stress idrico, ovvero M4. Tutte le ricerche sono state condotte implementando apparati di misura innovativi che hanno permesso di ottenere la stima dell’efficienza di uso dell’acqua dell’intera chioma per la durata complessiva di ciascuna prova, poi confrontata con le forme più usuali di espressione di questo parametro fisiologico. Il lavoro rimette in discussione la metodologia e le deduzioni che si possono trarre da determinazioni di WUE condotte su singola foglia che, nella grande maggioranza dei casi, non hanno trovato corrispondenza nelle misure che hanno interessato l’intera chioma. Within the current climate change scenario, the optimization of irrigation water use in vineyards by improving its water use efficiency (WUE) is a core subject of interest to assure sustainability in viticulture. The following research focuses on the physiological parameter WUE as pivotal in defining the behavior of grapevine under water stress. The aim is to assess the various forms of expression of the parameter, to identify which of these better correlates to the performance of the considered varieties, in order to obtain objective data and to derive recommendations for a more suitable irrigation technique. Over three years we evaluated physiological responses of Sangiovese and Montepulciano vines subjected to progressive water deficit either pre and post-veraison. Moreover, the genetic potential of grapevine under conditions of limited water availability was tested through the comparison of the performance of Sangiovese vines grafted on two different rootstocks; SO4, a traditional susceptible genotype and M4, a recently selected scion supposed to be tolerant to water stress. During the research we also designed, implemented and tested an innovative apparatus able to run automated water deficit experiments and to concurrently monitor whole canopy even for a season long time frame. These measurements were compared to traditional single leaf readings and a general conclusion was that, in most cases, single leaf WUE assessment did not match with the measures obtained from the whole canopy enclosure system.

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