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博士（工学） ; 日本大学

Recently, a microcomputer-controlled device for lowering oven temperature below 0℃ has become available for new types of gas chromatography (GC) instruments. This device was originally designed for rapid cooling of an oven to reduce the time for analysis. In our laboratories, we are using it for trapping volatile organic compounds (VOCs) inside a capillary column at cryogenic oven temperatures; as much as 5 ml of headspace vapor can be injected into a medium-bore capillary column without any loss, giving sensitivity 10-50 times higher than that by the conventional headspace GC method. In addition to the above high sensitivity, much better resolution (separation) of compounds can be also achieved, probably because VOCs are trapped at a cryogenic oven temperature in a quite narrow zone of the front part of a capillary column. The method is recommendable for wide use in forensic and environmental toxicology , because it is simple and requires no special GC operations in addition to the above high sensitivity and high resolution. In this review, some successful data obtained by the present capillary GC with cryogenic oven trapping are presented for analyses of chloroform, methylene chloride, trichloroethylene, ethyl ether, solvent thinner components, xylene isomers, cyanide and ethanol in human body fluids. The difference between the cryogenic oven trapping method and the cryo-focusing method is also explained. ; publisher

This research aims to clarify the characteristics and issues of the existence bases and sustainability of small-scale urban centers, especially those associated with mineral resource development, among urban development in arid regions related to desertification, which is one of the serious global environmental problems, Arizona, United States as an example. Arizona is one of the driest states in the United States, with vast stretches of desolate land. From the end of the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century, many workers settled here for the purpose of developing various mining resources, and many settlements were formed. Many of them were abandoned after resource depletion, or vulnerable to disasters such as large fires caused by drying, resulting in a rapid population decline or uninhabited ghost towns. Arizona's ghost towns are: (1) Due to the low reserves of resources, resources were exhausted in a short period of time and only ruins remained; (2) Old buildings and townscapes are preserved after becoming a ghost because the town survived for a certain period of time, such as the Tombstone Historic District; (3) Like the Jerome Historic District and Bisbee, the population in its peak was about 10,000 or more, and even after the mines were closed and ghosted, the residents remained. It turned out that there are three types of settlements that have regenerated and survived through efforts. Abandoned ghost towns and huge open-pit mining sites are difficult to restore vegetation and land use, and can be a factor in desertification. It is necessary to keep a close watch so that such developments are not repeated in developing countries in the 21st century.

ベンゼン, エタノール, 水系に対する共沸蒸留計算を緩和法を用いて行い, 種々の操作条件に対して分離数および熱力学的効率の両面から最適操作条件を検討した。気液モル流量比に関しては第1塔は1.3以下, 第2塔は1.2以下が望ましい。また塔内圧力が上昇すると, エタノールと水の分離が悪くなり, 分離数および熱力学的効率が低下する。さらにベンゼン相と水相の分離を良くするために, デカンターに水を供給した場合, エタノールと水の分離は良くなるが, リボイラー部での必要熱量が増加すること等の新しい知見を得た。 The relaxation method was used for azeotropic distillation calculations. For the Benzene-Ethanol-Water system, various operating conditions were examined by use of thermodynamic efficiency and separation number. For vapor-liquid calculations NRTL Eq. was used, and Eq. (3) was used for separation number calculations. Eqs. (4), (5), (6) were used for thermodynamic efficiency calculations. A schematic drawing of azeotropic distillation column is shown in Fig. 1. It was found from Figs. 3, 4, 5 that the ratio of liquid to vapor flow rate for the first column should be less than 1.3. From Figs. 6, 7, 8, it was also found that the ratio of liquid to vapor flow rate for the second column should be less than 1.2. Fig. 9 shows that both the thermodynamic efficiency and separation number were maximized when the temperature of the feed was in the boiling condition. The maximum thermodynamic efficiency was about 0.07. Figs. 10, 11, indicated that as the pressure of the column decreased, the separation of ethanol and water improved. Fig. 11, showed that as the pressure increased, the thermodynamic efficiency decreased. Fig. 12 shows the relation between mole fraction of bottom liquid and water feed rate to the decanter. It indicated that as the water feed rate to the decanter increased, the separation of bottom liquid in the second column improved. But from Fig. 13, it was observed that the greater the water feed rate to the decanter was the greater the reboiler duty.

Wind characteristics generated by the wind tunnel named Desert Environment Wind Tunnel, which can generate arbitrary pattern of wind speed variation by changing the angle of pitch of the blower blades, were investigated with both of a hot-wire anemometer and a ultrasonic anemometer. Distributions of the wind velocity components (v, w) in a plane perpendicular to the mainstream (u-direction), whose wind speed varies like a sine wave, were measured downstream at x = 1.5m from the exit of wind tunnel nozzle. The experimental results revealed that the flow expands when it accelerates and, in reverse, the flow contracts then slowing down.

2017年11月に中国地方の主要河川において，バイオマス利用を目的とする植物の育種素材としてオギ（Miscanthus sacchariflorus）遺伝資源の探索収集を行った．広島，岡山，鳥取，島根，山口の各県において，合計20点を収集し，いずれも河川敷や川沿いにおいて自生集団が認められた． ; To obtain breeding materials for biomass production, genetic resources of Miscanthus sacchariflorus were searched and collected along the main rivers in the Chugoku Region of Japan in November 2017. A total of 20 clones were collected in Hiroshima, Okayama, Tottori, Shimane and Yamaguchi, where natural M. sacchariflorus populations were found at riversides and riverbeds.

A solar still can make distilled water, not only while daytime, also after sunset due to remaining solar heat (designated as production inertia). In order to better understand the production inertia, we measured the production, evaporation and temperatures in a Tubular Solar Still (TSS) by turning infrared lamps on and off under three different radiant intensity, R_s, and two different water depths in a trough, H_w (amount of supplied water). The amount of production due to the production inertia, M_p, atter six hours of infrared heating, was about from three to four times greater for H_w = 0.04m than for H_w = 0.01m, regardless of R_s, This result may be caused by the fact, evaporation from the water surface during the production inertia was relatively greater for H_w = 0.04m because the water temperature fell more slowly for H_w =0.04m than for H_w =0.01m. Furthermore, the ratio of to the total production over the experiment became large with the decrease in R_s. It could be seen that the effect of the production inertia on the daily production of the TSS cannot be disregarded.