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AbstractCOURSE 50 aims at developing technologies to reduce CO2 emissions by approximately 30% through suppression of CO2 emissions from blast furnaces as well as capture - separation and recovery - of CO2 from blast furnace gas (BFG), and establishing the technologies by ca. 2030 with the final goal of industrializing and transferring the developed technologies by 2050.(CO2 Ultimate Reduction in Steelmaking process by Innovative technology for cool Earth 50)

Abstract In core disruptive accident (CDA) of sodium-cooled fast reactors (SFRs), fuel and steel can melt to form a molten pool. The objective of the present work is to investigate design measures for core of SFR to prevent recriticality. This paper studied core geometry of convex cross-section shape to increase neutron leakage from core surface in case of core compaction. In order to evaluate effective neutron multiplication factor, 70-group neutron diffusion calculations were performed by changing parameters related to the convex core geometry (i.e. ratio of inner height to inner diameter). Neutron diffusion code and nuclear data library employed in those calculations are CITATION and JENDL-3.3, respectively. By optimizing core configuration, the compaction reactivity of the convex shaped core showed drastic reduction from 2.07 % of reference cylindrical core (Japan Sodium-cooled Fast Reactor) to -3.28 %.

AbstractThin film solar cells having structure CuInS2/In2S3 were fabricated using chemical spray pyrolysis (CSP) technique over ITO coated glass. Top electrode was silver film (area 0.05cm2). Cu/In ratio and S/Cu in the precursor solution for CuInS2 were fixed as 1.2 and 5 respectively. In/S ratio in the precursor solution for In2S3 was fixed as 1.2/8. An efficiency of 0.6% (fill factor -37.6%) was obtained. Cu diffusion to the In2S3 layer, which deteriorates junction properties, is inevitable in CuInS2/In2S3 cell. So to decrease this effect and to ensure a Cu-free In2S3 layer at the top of the cell, Cu/In ratio was reduced to 1. Then a remarkable increase in short circuit current density was occurred from 3mA/cm2 to 14.8mA/cm2 and an efficiency of 2.13% was achieved. Also when In/S ratio was altered to 1.2/12, the short circuit current density increased to 17.8mA/cm2 with an improved fill factor of 32% and efficiency remaining as 2%. Thus Cu/In and In/S ratios in the precursor solutions play a crucial role in determining the cell parameters.

Abstract Empty fruit bunch, as one product from oil palm and one of renewable energy that has the potential to replace fossil fuel in the future. Remote sensing offers the better alternative for oil palm age measurement over the conventional approach to solving the problem in the lack of information in the spatial distribution of empty fruit bunch resources. Forest Canopy Density model was employed to estimate the age of oil palm trees that used to count the amount of empty fruit bunch production in the research area. Time series remote sensing data analysis was performed to detailing the class of stands age. Based on oil palm trees age, empty fruit bunch production was estimated with the result Cikasungka area has the biggest potential production with 1.98 KT/year following by Cimulang with 1.75 KT/year and Candali with 1.72 KT/year.

Abstract To protect the environment changing, coal combustion must reduce its CO 2 emission by capture and storage. Chemical looping is a potentially high technology for coal combustion with CO 2 capture efficiently. A chemical-looping-combustion system, using circulating fluidized bed witch consist two main reactors, a fuel reactor and an air reactor. An oxygen carrier, typically a metal oxide, is employed to transfer oxygen from the air reactor to the fuel reactor, and circulates between these two reactors. During 2012-2014, JCOAL, MHPS (Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems (2012-2013 Babcock-Hitachi)) and IAE(The Institute of Applied Energy) have a project funded by NEDO (New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization) to surveyed chemical looping technology development in the world, studied market needs of chemical looping combustion, investigated carrier costs and reactivity, etc., in order to reduce CO 2 separation recovery cost to 2,500 yen/ton of CO 2 or less. A small-scale reactor was used to study the behaviors of the direct reaction of coal with an oxygen carrier. It was found that the coal conversion efficiency increases with increasing iron level in the carrier, that the volume of unreacted CO gas increases when oxygen use in the carrier exceeds the range of Fe 2 O 3 --> Fe 3 O 4 , and that there is no notable surface melting that could obstruct particle circulation at 950C or less. A basic model of the CLC process was produced using the AspenPlus software and used to analyze the process under the conditions of a 250MWth plant. It found that the volume of circulating CLC carrier is roughly the same as the circulation of CFBC medium, and that inner desulfurization and ultra-low NO X combustion are possible. Using the results of research and process analysis, a three-tower chemical looping coal combustion technology that consists primarily of an air reactor (AR), coal reactor (CR), and volatiles reactor (VR) was selected, and an conceptual design was produced for the reactor configuration and technical parameters.

AbstractAs a part of the project “Total System of Zero-emission Coal-fired Power Generation Project” led by New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO), we have conducted a feasibility study on the CO2 geological storage in three candidate sites (sites A, B and C) offshore Japan. We present the results of the cost estimates for commercial-scale projects at the above sites with an injection rate of 1.54 million tons per year for 20 years. The overall storage costs range from approximately JPY 23 to 31 billion for the representative cases for each site.

AbstractAntibiotic mycelial dreg (AMD) is one of typical industrial wastes with high moisture and nitrogen contents which are difficult to be dealt with. The previous works demonstrated that the hydrothermal pretreatment is feasible for removing moisture and nitrogen contents from AMD so as to upgrade this waste into solid biofuel. Nevertheless, the NO emission characteristics of its combustion are still unknown and needed to be tested. The present work was aimed to clarify this understanding in a laboratory drop tube reactor under the temperature of 1273K. The raw AMD, the hydrothermally pretreated AMD and coal were respectively supplied into the reactor for combustion. The concentration of NO in the flue gas for different samples were measured and compared to evaluate the emission performance of the fuels. Compared to raw AMD, the NO emission of mono-combustion of hydrothermally pretreated AMD was dramatically reduced, whose reduction rate was above 30%. In order to investigate the mechanism of NO reduction, some analyses using Thermo Gravimetric Analyzer (TGA), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and others were performed to reveal the properties of the raw AMD, hydrothermally pretreated AMD and coal. It was shown that the intermediates produced from releasing volatile maters act as reductants for the reduction of NO. The hydrothermal pretreatment can control the NO emission.