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Bottled water consumption is one of the human activities that contributes to climate change. The dissertation focuses on psychological and sociodemographic factors that could explain adolescents’ and their parents’/guardians’ bottled water consumption in the context of the Comprehensive Action Determination Model (Klöckner & Blöbaum, 2010). The aim of the first part of the dissertation is to investigate how normative, habitual, intentional, and situational factors can explain adolescents’ and their parents’/guardians’ bottled water consumption. The second part focuses on the relationships between adolescents’ and their parents’/guardians’ awareness of policies that are targeted toward bottled water consumption in Lithuania and their bottled water consumption. The third part is devoted to addressing the roles of normative, habitual, intentional, and situational factors in explaining bottled water consumption in clusters of adolescents and their parents/guardians with different sociodemographic characteristics. The results of the current study indicated that psychological factors are important in explaining adolescents’ and their parents’/guardians’ bottled water consumption. The dissertation gives new insights regarding bottled water consumption from the environmental psychology perspective which could be relevant in developing and implementing the strategies aimed to promote pro-environmental behavior. ; Geriamojo vandens buteliuose vartojimas yra priskiriamas prie tų žmogaus veiklų, kurios prisideda prie klimato kaitos. Disertacijoje yra nagrinėjami psichologiniai bei sociodemografiniai paauglių bei jų tėvų/globėjų geriamojo vandens buteliuose vartojimo veiksniai Išsamaus elgesio determinacijos modelio (Klöckner & Blöbaum, 2010) kontekste. Pirmoji disertacijos dalis yra skirta įvertinti kaip normatyviniai, įpročio, ketinimo bei situaciniai veiksniai gali paaiškinti geriamojo vandens buteliuose vartojimą bendrose paauglių bei jų tėvų/globėjų imtyse. Antroje dalyje yra nagrinėjamos paauglių bei jų tėvų/globėjų žinojimo apie Lietuvoje vykdomą geriamojo vandens buteliuose vartojimo mažinimo politiką ir geriamojo vandens buteliuose vartojimo sąsajos. Trečioji dalis yra skirta išsiaiškinti normatyvinių, įpročio, ketinimo bei situacinių veiksnių vaidmenį geriamojo vandens buteliuose vartojimui paauglių bei jų tėvų/globėjų klasteriuose pagal sociodemografines charakteristikas. Tyrimo rezultatai atskleidė, kad psichologiniai veiksniai yra svarbūs, prognozuojant paauglių bei jų tėvų/globėjų geriamojo vandens buteliuose vartojimą. Disertacijoje pateikiamos naujos žinios apie geriamojo vandens buteliuose vartojimą iš aplinkos psichologijos perspektyvos gali būti aktualios, kuriant ir įgyvendinant aplinkai draugiško elgesio skatinimo strategijas.

The development of renewable energy is one of the key challenges in managing climate change today, and the sector has been chosen as the context for research because of its global significance. As the development of this sector is influenced by interest groups, the dissertation assesses the impact of interest groups on institutional regulation, which is also significant for science in order to modernize the interaction between these two phenomena. On the one hand, the dissertation deals with the problem of interaction of interest groups with institutional regulation in Lithuania, on the other hand, the main scientific problem of this work is touched upon - what criteria and methods could be used to measure the impact of interest groups on institutional regulation in the Lithuanian renewable energy sector. As the scientific space lacks a specific methodology for assessing the impact of interest groups on individual areas regulated by institutional regulation, it was formed in the methodological part of the work and adapted to the Lithuanian case by looking at the interaction of these two phenomena through the prism of game theory. The study analyzes the documents of the Environmental Protection Committee of the Seimas of the Republic of Lithuania and an expert interview, later depicting these data with various tools, summarizing and interpreting them, and presents suggestions for improving the interaction of interest groups with institutional regulation.

Implementing Renewable energy directive all EU Member States promotes the production of energy from renewable energy sources. The Directive does not set the methods or schemes of renewable energy promotion. Every Member State can choose the most suitable promotion measure depending on its economical or environmental conditions. The enacted promotion measures have to keep balance between the aim to attract private investors and not to generate unreasonable profit for private business. In Lithuania the government set unreasonably high feed in tariff for purchasing electricity produced from solar energy. Later this feed in tariff was reduced; however it caused a huge discontent of private investors and litigations in the courts. The aim of the article is to analyze the changes of legal regulation in the promotion scheme of solar energy, which caused legal disputes in the court between private investors and government. In order to reach above mentioned aim the raised tasks are: (1) to analyze the schemes of solar energy promotion and changes in legal regulation; (2) to examine the case law; (3) to examine the practice of foreign countries in developing renewable energy. Legal expectations can be limited only by the reason of public interest. However the public interest not always has to override the private interest. In solar energy case two protected interests have confronted. The legal expectations of the private investors were infringed by the changes of legal regulation in promotion scheme of solar energy. The government grounded necessity of such changes on protection of public interest. The development of renewable energy is very closely connected to the governmental policy. Irrational schemes of renewable energy promotion are harmful to the national economy and private business. The governments should create long-term renewable energy policies. As in other sectors of economy, the key factor for sustainable development and stable private investments in renewable energy sector is sound legal regulation. ; Energijos gamyba iš atsinaujinančiųjų energijos išteklių yra skatinama visose valstybėse narėse įgyvendinant ES atsinaujinančiųjų energijos išteklių direktyvą. Direktyva nenustato atsinaujinančiųjų energijos išteklių skatinimo būdų ir metodų. Kiekviena valstybė narė turi pasirinkti jos ekonomines, gamtines sąlygas geriausiai aptinkančius skatinimo būdus. Nustatant skatinimo būdus yra visada būtina išlaikyti balansą tarp siekio pritraukti privačius investuotojus į atsinaujinančiosios energetikos vystymą ir skatinimo priemonėmis nesukurti nepagrįstų viršpelnių privačiam verslui. Šios straipsnio tikslas apžvelgti saulės energetikos plėtros skatinimo schemą ir teisinio reguliavimo pokyčius lėmusius teisminius ginčus tarp privačių investuotojų ir valstybės.

Energy security is an integral part of national security, for this reason the role of the state to ensure the smooth functioning of the energy sector is very important. Regulation of the energy sector will never be left to the market laws, because economic and social well-being depends on it. One of the characteristics of the energy sector is its inertness, so it is indispensable the long-term planning and settings of development policies. The last National Energy Strategy (hereinafter – NES (2012)) was approved on the 26 th of June 2012, but the new National Energy Strategy Project (hereinafter - NESP) is ready. The guidelines of energy sector, which are determined by the state, are especially important for potential investors, as the construction of energy facilities require a very large initial investments and their service life can reach 50 years. Only the energy strategy, which is long-term, based on economic calculations, independent of the election results and maintaining the continuity of strategic goals can attract private investment in the energy sector. The aim of this article is to compare the framework and strategic objectives of current National Energy Strategy o with the Project of National Energy Strategy. The main objectives are: (i) to analyze the influence of stability of the energy strategies on the development of the energy sector; (ii) to compare the general provisions of NES (2012) with the general provisions of NESP; (iii) to compare the strategic objectives of NES (2012) with the strategic objectives NESP. It is likely that many discussions will be on NESP in political life and public space, so the comparative analysis and insight, which is made in this article, are relevant to today's life in Lithuania. NES (2012) and NESP apply the same strategic objectives in the energy sector, only NESP provide one additional objective - efficient use of energy. NESP differs from NES (2012) in their flexibility and multiple analysis of alternatives depending on the current situation. Meanwhile, NES (2012) observed that it can be only one correct way without any possible alternatives. It even very clearly indicates what damage will occur if Lithuania does not implement identified energy projects. Presumably, because of inflexible approach of NES (2012), identified strategic projects no longer meet today's realities. ; Energetinis saugumas yra neatsiejama nacionalinio saugumo dalis, todėl valstybės vaidmuo užtikrinat sklandų energetikos sektoriaus funkcionavimą yra kertinis. Energetikos sektoriaus reguliavimas niekada nebus paliktas tik rinkos dėsniams, nes nuo jo priklauso valstybės ekonominė ir socialinė gerovė. Viena iš energetikos sektoriaus savybių yra jo inertiškumas, todėl yra būtinas ilgalaikis planavimas ir plėtros krypčių nustatymas. Paskutinė Nacionalinė energetinės nepriklausomybės strategija buvo patvirtinta 2012 m. metų birželio 26 d., tačiau jau dabar yra parengtas naujas Nacionalinės energetikos strategijos projektas. Šio straipsnio tikslas: palyginti šiuo metu galiojančios Nacionalinės energetinės nepriklausomybės strategijos bendrąsias nuostatas bei strateginius tikslus elektros energetikos sektoriuje su Nacionalinės energetikos strategijos projektu.

For the time being a lot of attention is paid to the research into sustainability development with the focus on the fields of environment protection, economics, management, institutional, social and educational issues. Researchers and practitioners identify different approaches to sustainability development, sustainability leadership and sustainability communication. Trying to reveal the basic grounds of sustainability development, the article analysis sustainability development theories, dimensions and characteristics. The theoretical part of the article encompasses the concept of sustainability development and its philosophical framework. The paradigm of sustainable development in organizations is based on the restrospection and definitions of sustainability development, leadership competence, characteristics of sustainability development analysing those elements separately and unifying them into a coherent system. The qualitative research (interview) was performed interviewing different level of managers in organizations in Lithuania. The study aimed to find out managers‘ attitudes to the experiences and challenges of sustainability development in organizations. ; Darnumo vystymo tyrimams pastaraisiais dešimtmečiais daug dėmesio skiria įvairių mokslo sričių (aplinkosaugos, ekonomikos, socialinių, vadybos ir kitų mokslų) teoretikai ir praktikai, išryškindami skirtingus požiūrius aiškindami darnumo vystymo esmę ir bruožus. Siekiant atskleisti darnumo vystymo filosofiją, esmę ir prielaidas visų pirma nagrinėjama darnumo vystymo koncepcijos raida. Darnumo vystymo teorinė apibrėžtis apima darnaus vystymosi sąvokos, apibrėžimų, koncepcijos retrospektyvą, darnumo vystymosi, vadovo kompetencijos ir jo bruožų svarbą organizacijose, visus šiuos parametrus nagrinėjant atskirai bei susiejant juos į vieningą visumą. Atliktas kokybinis tyrimas, apklausiant įvairių lygių vadovus Lietuvoje. Tyrimu siekta išsiaiškinti vadovų požiūrį į darnumo vystymo patirtis ir iššūkius organizacijose.