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Two types of wind lidar?s have become available for ground-based vertical mean wind and turbulence profiling. A continuous wave (CW) wind lidar, and a pulsed wind lidar. Although they both are build upon the same recent 1.55 μ telecom fibre technology, they possess fundamental differences between their temporal and spatial resolution capabilities. A literature review of the two lidar systems spatial and temporal resolution characteristics will be presented, and the implication for the two lidar types vertical profile measurements of mean wind and turbulence in the lower atmospheric boundary layer will be discussed.

Two types of wind lidar?s have become available for ground-based vertical mean wind and turbulence profiling. A continuous wave (CW) wind lidar, and a pulsed wind lidar. Although they both are build upon the same recent 1.55 μ telecom fibre technology, they possess fundamental differences between their temporal and spatial resolution capabilities. A literature review of the two lidar systems spatial and temporal resolution characteristics will be presented, and the implication for the two lidar types vertical profile measurements of mean wind and turbulence in the lower atmospheric boundary layer will be discussed.

Twelve male albino rats of 6-8 weeks old, weighing 150-200 gm each were divided into two groups of 6 rats each. Group A was used as control while Group B was given ethanol at a dose of 0.6 ml (0.5 gm)/100 gm/day for 8 weeks. Serum enzymes and liver histology was determined in both groups. Statistically significant increase in the mean enzyme levels, liver weight and volume were observed in the ethanol treated group compared to the controls. Histologically, hepatocytes contained large number of cytoplasmic vacuoles, pyknotic nuclei, and lymphocytic infiltration in treated animals. Ethanol appeared to be hepatotoxic in albino rats.

Twelve male albino rats of 6-8 weeks old, weighing 150-200 gm each were divided into two groups of 6 rats each. Group A was used as control while Group B was given ethanol at a dose of 0.6 ml (0.5 gm)/100 gm/day for 8 weeks. Serum enzymes and liver histology was determined in both groups. Statistically significant increase in the mean enzyme levels, liver weight and volume were observed in the ethanol treated group compared to the controls. Histologically, hepatocytes contained large number of cytoplasmic vacuoles, pyknotic nuclei, and lymphocytic infiltration in treated animals. Ethanol appeared to be hepatotoxic in albino rats.

A key topic of the European CL‐Windcon project, and specifically WP1 of the project, is the accurate modelling of wind turbine and wind farm dynamics at a varying range of fidelities. Hence, this document describes the different numerical models employed throughout the project and presents their arrangement and fidelity classification based on the different capabilities, limitations and complexity of their underlying physics. The description of the four categories selected: steady‐state models, control‐oriented dynamical models, medium‐fidelity simulation models, and high‐fidelity simulation models is included and discussed in the document.

A key topic of the European CL‐Windcon project, and specifically WP1 of the project, is the accurate modelling of wind turbine and wind farm dynamics at a varying range of fidelities. Hence, this document describes the different numerical models employed throughout the project and presents their arrangement and fidelity classification based on the different capabilities, limitations and complexity of their underlying physics. The description of the four categories selected: steady‐state models, control‐oriented dynamical models, medium‐fidelity simulation models, and high‐fidelity simulation models is included and discussed in the document.