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Hyper competition and forthcoming challenges are need of emerging economies. The notion of empowering the human resource capital appears to be the basic requirement of globalizing economies, therefore adequate planning of careers tends to pave a secure path. Moreover, employee career development is equally significant for both the employer and employee. In order to be successful an organization must ensure timely development of its personnel in accordance with timely governed changes. Contemporarily succession planning has resulted as a significant postulate of career developmental practices. This paper enquires the influence of individual career planning on employee career development particularly. The banking sector of Karachi was considered as the target market. SPSS correlational and linear regression analysis was considered to study the statistical characteristics. A sample of 190 participants was brought under consideration which elaborated an insignificant relationship amongst both the variables. Moreover, discussion and testimonials were made in order to advocate the evidence.

The focus of this paper is to analyze the factors on which a developing country such as Pakistan may adopt the e-Government culture and provide the basis in its adoption with supply and demand perspectives. For this purpose UTAUT model is used as the demand perspectives to incorporate the demand side factors. The obstacles and challenges are also analyzed when adoption of e-Government culture occur. The analyze methods are based on survey with the help of questionnaire in order to collect the qualitative data with a particular sample size. This study focus on citizens with different backgrounds are interviewed. The statistical analysis such as factor analysis, reliability and validity, correlation test, ANOVA and regression analysis which will be supportive in testing the hypotheses related to the supply side and demand side factors in this research.

This study delves into the intricate relationship between carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and crucial variables in Europe and Central Asia from 1990-2021. By examining the impact of renewable energy, industry value added, foreign direct investment (FDI), gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, and population density on CO2 emissions using the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) method, the study uncovers intriguing findings. The study reveals a significant negative correlation between linear per capita income and CO2 emissions in both the short and long run. Moreover, it confirms the inverted N-shaped environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) relationship between the variables. The study further highlights the unfavorable impact of renewable energy and industry value added on CO2 emissions, pointing to the fact that their growth increases CO2 emissions. On the other hand, population density is found to be a vital factor in reducing CO2 emissions. FDI is identified to have a negative and insignificant impact on CO2 emissions, suggesting that it may not be an effective tool for reducing carbon emissions in the region. The insights from this study have significant implications for policymakers in the region to design and implement effective strategies to reduce CO2 emissions.

A set of indicators for sustainable development were identified to be employed in developing countries. The selected indicators provided a good understanding of social and engineering outputs of a water resources project. Results of the study revealed that there are significant positive impacts of dam construction but they were not same as the targeted objectives envisaged in the feasibility report of the project. It means that after construction of the dam and irrigation system, development didn?t match with the targeted goals of the project. This study argues the world-wide controversy against construction of dam in arid zone which is ill-founded and based on a few short term, mitigable negative impacts, ignoring many positive long term inputs alleviating chronic poverty in arid regions. The study meticulously looks into the pre dam bio-physical and socio-economic conditions in one of the arid region of Iran under the area commanded by Minab dam. This dam was constructed in Hormozgan province of Iran in 1983 and its irrigation system was completed in 1986 which was followed by progressive expansion of irrigated agriculture which almost doubled in year 2006. Literacy rate has increased from 41% (pre-project) to 74% in 2006. Similarly, significant improvements were observed in health care, sanitation, education, and other disciplines.

A study was planned to investigate the effects of different doses of ethanol on body organs of Japanese quails. A total of 120 quails were randomly divided into five groups, A, B, C, D and E. Quails of groups A, B, C and D were given ethanol at concentrations of 2, 4, 8 and 16%, respectively in drinking water for four weeks, while birds of group E served as untreated control. The results at the end of 4th week revealed a significant effect on relative weight of heart, kidney and lungs in most treated groups. The increase in heart and lung weight was significant (P<0.05) in quail given 4% and higher ethanol, of kidney given 2 to 8% ethanol, while statistically no effect was observed on relative weight of liver. The relative weight of the proventriculus and the intestine at 4th week also showed statistically no difference compared to control group. However, the weight of the gizzard at 4th week increased significantly (P0.05) in groups given 8 to 16% ethanol and the increase was 42% in these groups compared with control group. The lymphoid organs at the end of 4th week revealed significant difference in weight of the bursa of Fabricius in quails given 16% ethanol and of the thymus in quails given 4 to 16% ethanol. Statistically, no difference was observed in spleen weight of treated groups compared to control group. The gross and light microscopic examination failed to reveal significant changes in these organs with routine methods of examination. Ethanol showed a significant effect on feed conversion ratio which was poor in ethanol treated groups; at the end of 4th week, it varied from 232 to 442% in groups given 8 and 16% ethanol, respectively. These data suggest that ethanol has significant effects on relative weight of heart, kidney, lungs, thymus, and on feed conversion ratio in the Japanese quails.

To highlight the accessibility issues of rural households, the data were collected from the rural subregion of Badin, Sindh, Pakistan. The purpose of the data-collection was to offer policy proposal?s inputs, as concerned planning agencies could be able to know the ground realities and implement their planned decisions accordingly. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate about the normality of the data, collected through the questionnaire survey from the sampled population of the study area. Total hundred questionnaires were completed from sampled rural households. Mostly, the household?s demographic and socioeconomic aspects were targeted in this regard, including travel- time and distance characteristics. The data were successfully analyzed in SPSS-17.0 and results were generated accordingly. The results exhibited the symmetry in household-size aspect due to clustering; whereas, household income, traveldistance and time depicted enormous variations.

In this paper the unified Bond Graph model of the left ventricle ejection phase is presented, simulated and validated. The integro-differential and ordinary differential equations obtained from the bond graph models are simulated using ODE45 (Ordinary Differential Equation Solver) on MATLAB and Simulink. The results, thus, obtained are compared with CVS (Cardiovascular System) physiological data present in Simbiosys (a software for simulating biological systems) and also with the CVS Wiggers diagram of heart cycle. As the cardiac activity is a multi domain process that includes mechanical, hydraulic, chemical and electrical events; therefore, for modeling such systems a unified modeling approach is needed. In this paper the unified Bond Graph model of the left ventricle ejection phase is proposed. The Bond Graph conventionalism approach is a graphical method principally powerful to portray multi-energy systems, as it is formulated on the portrayal of power exchanges. The model takes into account a simplified description of the left ventricle which is close to the medical investigation promoting the apperception and the dialogue between engineers and physiologists.

This study conducts a comparative empirical analysis of 132 developed and developing economies to explore the links of ICT with environment over the period 1980-2016. The empirical analysis is based on Pooled Ordinary Least Squares (POLS) and Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) estimation techniques. Theoretically environmental effects of ICT are ambiguous. To settle it empirically, this study points out the heterogeneous consequences of ICT for environment in developed and developing countries. Findings of the study suggest that ICT has the power to determine ecological future of the world. However, its favorable outcomes are observed only in developed countries while adverse impacts prevail in developing countries. The empirical results confirm „Greening through ICT‟ hypothesis for developed countries implying that ICT is an effective tool to mitigate environmental degradation. Moreover, „Environmental Kuznets‟ hypothesis is also confirmed which implies that the relationship between CO2 emissions and GDP per capita is non-monotonic. The empirical analysis is based on novel measures of ICT such as online service, telecommunication infrastructure and electronic government unlike previous literature that generally emphasized only internet as a measure of ICT. Moreover, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first study of its kind that identifies heterogeneous outcomes of ICT between developed and developing countries. Findings of the study imply that investment in ICT infrastructure is essential for environmental sustainability only in the case of developed countries.

Entrepreneurship has long been discussed due to its capabilities to generate employment in country, tax generation and business growth. It cannot be ignored that businesses often face many troubles at different stages, including internal as well as external problems which may stop company\'s performance without any doubt. However, entrepreneurs learn from mistakes and problems occurring in businesses therefore, they consider problems as opportunities. Furthermore, data in this paper is gathered from scholarly publications, online data, entrepreneurship and economics literature from international and domestic publications. Primary data has been obtained with the help of questionnaire and personal interactions with business owners, mangers of SMEs (Small and Medium Enterprises) situated in province of Sindh, Pakistan. Moreover, the data collected was only theoretical therefore, statistical tools have been applied to get the required outcome in numbers, facts and figures. In this paper, external factors called macro environmental factors have also been taken into account which help in creating positive prospect for businesses such as consumer, marketing, advertisement, competitiveness, suppliers and media.