- home
- Search
- Energy Research
- 2. Zero hunger
- 15. Life on land
- PL
- CH
- Energies
- Energy Research
- 2. Zero hunger
- 15. Life on land
- PL
- CH
- Energies
description Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2022Publisher:MDPI AG Authors: Joanna Irena Odzijewicz;Elżbieta Wołejko;
Elżbieta Wołejko
Elżbieta Wołejko in OpenAIREUrszula Wydro;
Urszula Wydro
Urszula Wydro in OpenAIREMariola Wasil;
+1 AuthorsMariola Wasil
Mariola Wasil in OpenAIREJoanna Irena Odzijewicz;Elżbieta Wołejko;
Elżbieta Wołejko
Elżbieta Wołejko in OpenAIREUrszula Wydro;
Urszula Wydro
Urszula Wydro in OpenAIREMariola Wasil;
Mariola Wasil
Mariola Wasil in OpenAIREAgata Jabłońska-Trypuć;
Agata Jabłońska-Trypuć
Agata Jabłońska-Trypuć in OpenAIREdoi: 10.3390/en15249653
Biomass is one of the most important sources of renewable energy in the energy industry. It is assumed that by 2050 the global energy deposit could be covered in 33–50% of biomass combustion. As with conventional fuels, the combustion of biomass produces combustion by-products, such as fly ash. Therefore, along with the growing interest in the use of biomass as a source of energy, the production of ash as a combustion by-product increases every year. It is estimated that approximately 476 million tons of ashes per year can be produced from biomass combustion. For example, the calorific value of dry wood mass tends to be between 18.5 MJ × kg−1 and 19.5 MJ × kg−1, while the ash content resulting from thermal treatment of wood is from 0.4 to 3.9% of dry fuel mass. However, biomass ash is a waste that is particularly difficult to characterize due to the large variability of the chemical composition depending on the biomass and combustion technology. In addition, this waste is, on the one hand, a valuable fertilizer component, as it contains significant amounts of nutrients, e.g., calcium (Ca), potassium (K) and microelements, but on the other hand, it may contain toxic compounds harmful to the environment, including heavy metals and substances formed as a result of combustion, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) or volatile organic compounds (VOCs). PAHs and VOCs are formed mainly in the processes of incomplete combustion of coal and wood in low-power boilers, with unstable operating conditions. However, it is important to remember that before the fly ash is used in various industries (e.g., zeolite synthesis, recovery of rare earth metals or plastic production) as an additive to building materials or fertilizers for cultivation, a number of analyses are to be conducted so that the by-products of combustion could be used to allow the by-product of combustion to be used. It is important to conduct tests for the content of heavy metals, chlorides, sulphates, microelements and macroelements, grain and phase composition and organic compounds. If such ash is characterized by low pollution levels, it should be used in agriculture and reclamation of degraded land and not directed to landfills where it loses its valuable properties. The purpose of this review is to present the properties of ashes generated as a result of biomass combustion in Poland and the world, to discuss factors influencing changes in its composition and to present the possibilities of their reuse in the environment and in various branches of industry.
add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.3390/en15249653&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess Routesgold 62 citations 62 popularity Top 10% influence Top 10% impulse Top 1% Powered by BIP!
more_vert add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.3390/en15249653&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Other literature type 2023Publisher:MDPI AG Authors:Ksawery Kuligowski;
Ksawery Kuligowski
Ksawery Kuligowski in OpenAIREAdam Cenian;
Adam Cenian
Adam Cenian in OpenAIREIzabela Konkol;
Izabela Konkol
Izabela Konkol in OpenAIRELesław Świerczek;
+4 AuthorsLesław Świerczek
Lesław Świerczek in OpenAIREKsawery Kuligowski;
Ksawery Kuligowski
Ksawery Kuligowski in OpenAIREAdam Cenian;
Adam Cenian
Adam Cenian in OpenAIREIzabela Konkol;
Izabela Konkol
Izabela Konkol in OpenAIRELesław Świerczek;
Lesław Świerczek
Lesław Świerczek in OpenAIREKatarzyna Chojnacka;
Katarzyna Chojnacka
Katarzyna Chojnacka in OpenAIREGrzegorz Izydorczyk;
Dawid Skrzypczak; Paulina Bandrów;Grzegorz Izydorczyk
Grzegorz Izydorczyk in OpenAIREdoi: 10.3390/en16093883
The automotive upholstery industry, which processes bovine leathers, has struggled with vast amounts of solid waste, of which the majority are fractions, such as shavings and splits and offcuts, both containing chromium (Cr) and free of Cr. In this work, a novel leather waste-to-fertiliser approach has been tested: four lightly processed (incubation with effective microorganisms) and three aggressively processed (using pyrolysis or hydrolysis processes) tanned leather waste fractions were used. They were applied as organic nitrogen-based fertilisers in two separate glasshouse experiments, consisting of four subsequent harvests, under spring–autumn conditions in northern Poland. The Cr stressing effect caused by bovine shavings containing Cr and splits and offcuts containing Cr stimulated an increase in ryegrass growth after 30 days, providing twice the dry matter yield than bovine shavings free of Cr and splits and offcuts free of Cr, then (after 90 and 120 days) it inhibited growth. The Monod kinetics model was developed using the best fitting procedure (R2 > 0.94) for the efficiency of internal N use in ryegrass for the lightly processed fractions of tanned leather-waste fractions and each harvest. In the case of the processed leather waste-fractions, the relation was quasi linear, evidencing less growth inhibition and no over-fertilisation effects. The acid hydrolysate of bovine shavings containing Cr showed the best performance, reaching a relative agronomic effectiveness (RAE, N utilization-based) equal to 89%, 95%, 19%, and 38% for 30, 60, 90, and 120 days, respectively, and 71% in total. For the lightly processed fractions, it was lower than 12%. The future perspective should focus on steps including scaling up the tests to field conditions; transportation, storage, and application methods; effectiveness for other crops; usage in crop rotation systems; environmental impact assessment; production carbon footprint; commercial potential; and optimizing the production processes.
Energies arrow_drop_down EnergiesOther literature type . 2023License: CC BYFull-Text: http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/9/3883/pdfData sources: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Instituteadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.3390/en16093883&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess Routesgold 14 citations 14 popularity Top 10% influence Average impulse Top 10% Powered by BIP!
more_vert Energies arrow_drop_down EnergiesOther literature type . 2023License: CC BYFull-Text: http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/9/3883/pdfData sources: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Instituteadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.3390/en16093883&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Journal , Other literature type 2021Publisher:MDPI AG Authors:Władysława Łuczka;
Władysława Łuczka
Władysława Łuczka in OpenAIRESławomir Kalinowski;
Nadiia Shmygol;Sławomir Kalinowski
Sławomir Kalinowski in OpenAIREdoi: 10.3390/en14144208
This paper assesses the extent, scope and importance of financial support for Polish organic farming from 2004 to 2019. The analysis focuses particularly on how the changes in the amount and structure of organic farming payments affected farmers’ interest in specific organic crops during three financing periods: the 2004–2006 Rural Development Plan, the 2007–2013 Rural Development Programme (RDP) and the 2014–2020 Rural Development Programme. This paper aims to answer the question of whether and to what extent the organic farming support policy impacted the development trends followed by, and transformation processes affecting, this sector. It follows from this analysis that in the first decade after joining the European Union, Poland implemented a policy of making payments easily available. It was primarily focused on the quantitative growth of organic farming rather than on stimulating supply. As the payments were easily accessible and decoupled from production, subsidy-oriented farmers were additionally encouraged to seek political rent. This resulted in the instability of a large group of farms who discontinued their organic farming activity in 2014. That year, the policy was amended because of the need to improve the allocation efficiency of subsidies and to couple them with the provision not only of environmental public goods but also of private goods in the form of organic farming products. The current support policy opens up greater opportunities for leveraging the potential of organic farming while reaping environmental and socioeconomic benefits and contributing more than ever to sustainable development.
Energies arrow_drop_down EnergiesOther literature type . 2021License: CC BYFull-Text: http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/14/4208/pdfData sources: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Instituteadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.3390/en14144208&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess Routesgold 38 citations 38 popularity Top 1% influence Top 10% impulse Top 1% Powered by BIP!
more_vert Energies arrow_drop_down EnergiesOther literature type . 2021License: CC BYFull-Text: http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/14/4208/pdfData sources: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Instituteadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.3390/en14144208&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Other literature type 2020Publisher:MDPI AG Authors:Marcin Sońta;
Marcin Sońta
Marcin Sońta in OpenAIREAndrzej Łozicki;
Andrzej Łozicki
Andrzej Łozicki in OpenAIREMagdalena Szymańska;
Magdalena Szymańska
Magdalena Szymańska in OpenAIRETomasz Sosulski;
+4 AuthorsTomasz Sosulski
Tomasz Sosulski in OpenAIREMarcin Sońta;
Marcin Sońta
Marcin Sońta in OpenAIREAndrzej Łozicki;
Andrzej Łozicki
Andrzej Łozicki in OpenAIREMagdalena Szymańska;
Magdalena Szymańska
Magdalena Szymańska in OpenAIRETomasz Sosulski;
Ewa Szara;Tomasz Sosulski
Tomasz Sosulski in OpenAIREAdam Wąs;
Gijs W. P. van Pruissen; René L. Cornelissen;Adam Wąs
Adam Wąs in OpenAIREdoi: 10.3390/en13205261
This paper presents the results of an interdisciplinary study aimed at assessing the possibility of using duckweed to purify and recover nutrients from the effluent remaining after struvite precipitation and ammonia stripping from a liquid fraction of anaerobic digestate in a biorefinery located at a Dutch dairy cattle production farm. The nutritional value of duckweed obtained in a biorefinery was assessed as well. Duckweed (Lemna minuta) was cultured on a growth medium with various concentrations of effluent from a biorefinery (EFL) and digested slurry (DS) not subjected to the nutrient recovery process. The study’s results showed that duckweed culture on the media with high contents of DS or EFL was impossible because they both inhibited its growth. After 15 days of culture, the highest duckweed yield was obtained from the ponds with DS or EFL contents in the medium reaching 0.39% (37.8 g fresh matter (FM) and 16.8 g FM per 8500 mL of the growth medium, respectively). The recovery of N by duckweed was approximately 75% and 81%, whereas that of P was approximately 45% and 55% of the growth media with EFL0.39% and DS0.39%, respectively. Duckweed obtained from the biorefinery proved to be a valuable high-protein feedstuff with high contents of α-tocopherol and carotenoids. With a protein content in duckweed approximating 35.4–36.1%, it is possible to obtain 2–4 t of protein per 1 ha from EFL0.39% and DS0.39% ponds, respectively.
Energies arrow_drop_down EnergiesOther literature type . 2020License: CC BYFull-Text: http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/20/5261/pdfData sources: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Instituteadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.3390/en13205261&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess Routesgold 18 citations 18 popularity Top 10% influence Top 10% impulse Top 10% Powered by BIP!
more_vert Energies arrow_drop_down EnergiesOther literature type . 2020License: CC BYFull-Text: http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/20/5261/pdfData sources: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Instituteadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.3390/en13205261&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Other literature type 2022Publisher:MDPI AG Authors: Anna Bartkowiak;Piotr Bartkowiak;
Piotr Bartkowiak
Piotr Bartkowiak in OpenAIREGrzegorz Kinelski;
Grzegorz Kinelski
Grzegorz Kinelski in OpenAIREdoi: 10.3390/en15176260
Currently, one of the main directions of agricultural development in Poland is the pursuit of sustainable development, rational management of material resources, and striving for energy self-sufficiency, while maintaining low greenhouse gas emissions. It is an alternative to constantly supported coal solutions. Sustainable development in the sense of processes taking place in enterprises affects many key areas of their activity. One of them is the measurement of efficiency, another is the compatibility with nature and the environment, and the perception of humans and their role. Measures of enterprises’ effectiveness should be considered in relation to the objectives of the enterprise. Biorefineries play a special role in shaping the new energy reality, being a system that connects various devices and biomass conversion processes to produce energy, fuel, and other valuable products. The essence of the functioning of biorefineries is as value chains; that is, a series of interrelated activities of specific importance and market value. The study aims to identify the determinants and efficiency of value chains in agricultural biorefineries according to the concept of sustainable development and the use of biomass resources in biorefining processes. Identifying and analyzing individual stages allows one to demonstrate the effectiveness of the implementation of technology using renewable energy sources, according to the concept of sustainable development and the implementation of the direction of the circular economy.
Energies arrow_drop_down EnergiesOther literature type . 2022License: CC BYFull-Text: http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/17/6260/pdfData sources: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Instituteadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.3390/en15176260&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess Routesgold 6 citations 6 popularity Top 10% influence Average impulse Top 10% Powered by BIP!
more_vert Energies arrow_drop_down EnergiesOther literature type . 2022License: CC BYFull-Text: http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/17/6260/pdfData sources: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Instituteadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.3390/en15176260&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Journal , Other literature type 2021Publisher:MDPI AG Authors:Anna Kuczuk;
Anna Kuczuk
Anna Kuczuk in OpenAIREKatarzyna Widera;
Katarzyna Widera
Katarzyna Widera in OpenAIREdoi: 10.3390/en14216959
In line with the assumptions of the European Green Deal, it is planned to allocate 25% of agricultural land to organic farming by 2030. However, the question arises: what share of organic farming and under what additional conditions is it able to feed the population of a given country? The aim of the article is to try to answer the above question for the example of Poland. In particular, the authors analyze: the problem of satisfying people’s nutritional needs, reducing food wastage, and finally the relationship between sustainable consumption and increasing the share of organic farming in Poland. Attention was also paid to possible potential changes in the agricultural land area with the growing share of organic farming. The proposed scenarios for the transition to organic farming concern the year 2030. We propose to increase the share in 20%, 40% and 60%, imposing them on changes in sustainable consumption of +/−25%, +/−50% and +/−75%. The available FAOSTAT (Statistic Data of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations) and Statistics Poland data from 2008–2018 were used for the analysis. The model scenario analysis showed that the total food demand will be met in most of the scenarios. It has also been shown that with a higher level of transition to organic farming, it becomes necessary to reduce food wastage. Changing the consumption style not only creates opportunities for a wider development of organic farming in Poland but can also generate free areas on arable land (e.g., even more than 26% of free area in the +/−75% scenario). This may create potential opportunities for their use in the production of consumer crops, but also in the protection of the natural and agricultural environment.
Energies arrow_drop_down EnergiesOther literature type . 2021License: CC BYFull-Text: http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/21/6959/pdfData sources: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Instituteadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.3390/en14216959&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess Routesgold 4 citations 4 popularity Top 10% influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!
more_vert Energies arrow_drop_down EnergiesOther literature type . 2021License: CC BYFull-Text: http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/21/6959/pdfData sources: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Instituteadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.3390/en14216959&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Journal , Other literature type 2021Publisher:MDPI AG Authors:Bogusława Waliszewska;
Bogusława Waliszewska
Bogusława Waliszewska in OpenAIREMieczysław Grzelak;
Mieczysław Grzelak
Mieczysław Grzelak in OpenAIREEliza Gaweł;
Agnieszka Spek-Dźwigała; +2 AuthorsEliza Gaweł
Eliza Gaweł in OpenAIREBogusława Waliszewska;
Bogusława Waliszewska
Bogusława Waliszewska in OpenAIREMieczysław Grzelak;
Mieczysław Grzelak
Mieczysław Grzelak in OpenAIREEliza Gaweł;
Agnieszka Spek-Dźwigała; Agnieszka Sieradzka;Eliza Gaweł
Eliza Gaweł in OpenAIREWojciech Czekała;
Wojciech Czekała
Wojciech Czekała in OpenAIREdoi: 10.3390/en14061669
Analyses were conducted on 10 grass species from permanent grasslands in the Noteć Leniwa and Noteć Bystra valley. Their chemical composition was assayed, and their heat of combustion and heating value were determined. The cellulose content ranged from 33.38% to 38.68%, while the content of lignin ranged from 15.42% to 21.99%, and that of hemicellulose from 30.27% to 34.31%. The heating value of grasses was comparable to that of wood from 2- to 3-year-old willows and other fast-growing energy crops. However, the calorific value of naturally dried grasses may be slightly lower. The quantities of minerals in these grasses, exceeding those in wood, did not result in a lowering of their heat of combustion. The analyses clearly showed that the investigated grass species may be successfully used for energy generation purposes.
Energies arrow_drop_down EnergiesOther literature type . 2021License: CC BYFull-Text: http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/6/1669/pdfData sources: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Instituteadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.3390/en14061669&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess Routesgold 43 citations 43 popularity Top 1% influence Top 10% impulse Top 1% Powered by BIP!
more_vert Energies arrow_drop_down EnergiesOther literature type . 2021License: CC BYFull-Text: http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/6/1669/pdfData sources: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Instituteadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.3390/en14061669&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Journal , Other literature type 2021Publisher:MDPI AG doi: 10.3390/en14227826
The analysis of the economic efficiency of agriculture has been the subject of numerous studies. An economically efficient agricultural sector is not always environmentally efficient. Agriculture is a large emitter of greenhouse gases. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change states that food production and agriculture are responsible for 21–37% of total global CO2 emissions. Due to the comprehensive assessment of the agricultural efficiency, it is worthwhile to apply to its measurement an integrated approach based on economic, energy and environmental aspects. These aspects were the main reasons for undertaking this research. The purpose of the study was to determine the economic, energy and environmental efficiency of agriculture in the EU Member States in 2019. The environmental analyses relate to the period 1990–2019. A total of 26 member states of the European Union (excluding Malta and Luxembourg) were selected for research. The sources of materials were Eurostat and the European Environmental Agency. This study was based on the Data Envelopment Analysis method, and used the DEA model focused on minimizing inputs. The research also adopts energy productivity and greenhouse gas emission efficiency indicators. The DEA model features the following variables: one effect (value of agricultural production) and four inputs (land, labour, use of fertilizers and use of energy). It was found that seven out of the 26 studied EU countries have efficient agriculture. The efficient agriculture group included The Netherlands, Denmark, Greece, Cyprus, the United Kingdom, Italy and Ireland. Based on the DEA method, benchmarks have been defined for countries with inefficient agriculture. On the basis of these benchmarks for inefficient agricultural sectors, it was possible to determine how they could improve efficiency to achieve the same results with fewer inputs. This issue is particularly important in the context of sustainable agricultural development. In the next stage of the research, the analysis of economic and energy efficiency was combined with the analysis of GHG emission efficiency in agriculture. Four groups of countries have been distinguished: eco-efficiency leaders, eco-efficiency followers, environmental slackers, eco-efficiency laggards. The leaders of the classification were The Netherlands, Italy, Greece, Cyprus and Portugal.
Energies arrow_drop_down EnergiesOther literature type . 2021License: CC BYFull-Text: http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/22/7826/pdfData sources: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Instituteadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.3390/en14227826&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess Routesgold 14 citations 14 popularity Top 10% influence Average impulse Top 10% Powered by BIP!
more_vert Energies arrow_drop_down EnergiesOther literature type . 2021License: CC BYFull-Text: http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/22/7826/pdfData sources: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Instituteadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.3390/en14227826&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Journal , Other literature type 2019Publisher:MDPI AG Authors:Tomasz Urych;
Tomasz Urych
Tomasz Urych in OpenAIREAdam Smoliński;
Adam Smoliński
Adam Smoliński in OpenAIREdoi: 10.3390/en12163093
Determining the characteristics of the dynamic behavior of carbon dioxide in a rock mass is a stage in the process of assessing a potential CO2 storage reservoir. The aim of this study was to analyze the process of CO2 storage in saline aquifers of the selected regions of the Upper Silesian Coal Basin in Poland. The construction of dynamic simulation models was based on static models of real deposit structures developed on a regional scale. Different simulation variants of the CO2 storage process were adopted, varying in terms of injection efficiency and duration of individual simulation phases. The analysis examined the influence of the degree of hydrodynamic openness of the structure on the CO2 storage process, in each of the variants. The results of numerical simulations showed that among the three analyzed geological formations, the Dębowiec formation is the most prospective for potential CO2 storage and is characterized by the most favorable geological and hydrogeological parameters. In the best variant of the simulation, in which the safety of CO2 storage in the rock mass was taken into account, the total amount of CO2 injected in a single directional well was approximately 8.54 million Mg of CO2 during 25 years of injection.
Energies arrow_drop_down EnergiesOther literature type . 2019License: CC BYFull-Text: http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/12/16/3093/pdfData sources: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Instituteadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.3390/en12163093&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess Routesgold 11 citations 11 popularity Top 10% influence Average impulse Top 10% Powered by BIP!
more_vert Energies arrow_drop_down EnergiesOther literature type . 2019License: CC BYFull-Text: http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/12/16/3093/pdfData sources: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Instituteadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.3390/en12163093&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Other literature type 2023Publisher:MDPI AG Authors:Sławomir Kędzior;
Sławomir Kędzior
Sławomir Kędzior in OpenAIRELesław Teper;
Lesław Teper
Lesław Teper in OpenAIREdoi: 10.3390/en16073219
The area studied covers unmined Pennsylvanian Ćwiklice and Dankowice coal deposits located in the southern part of the Upper Silesian Coal Basin, Poland. The geological structure of the area clearly affects the current distribution of methane. The content of methane is lower in coal seams lying within porous and permeable sandstones (Łaziska sandstones), whereas it is higher in seams that occur in sequences (Mudstone Series) where impermeable shales and mudstones occur. Due to the previous attempts to extract methane from boreholes, this area, characterized by a dense network of exploratory and prospecting drillings, is worth analyzing with regard to the conditions of methane occurrence in terms of extraction possibilities. Using contour maps, cross-sections and profiles, the variability of methane content and resources, as well as the moisture and ash content of coal seams, were analyzed. Methane content isolines are parallel to the boundary between the Cracow Sandstone Series and the Mudstone Series and to main faults. Coal moisture contents clearly reduce methane contents. A high methane content >8 m3/t coaldaf is typical for coal seams in which moisture contents do not exceed 5%. High- and medium-volatile bituminous coal in the area is characterized by low methane saturation, though saturation increases with depth. Coal permeability is variable (from 0.2 to more than 100 mD), but, below a depth of 1200 m, a clear trend of decreasing permeability with depth is evident. From the point of view of coalbed methane (CBM) recovery, relatively low coal permeabilities and methane saturation levels could make CBM output problematic in the studied area. Methane production will be more probable as a result of demethanation of the Dankowice 1 deposit, where coal mining is planned. This will result in the emission of methane into the atmosphere from ventilation shafts and methane drainage stations. Therefore, effective use of the gas captured by the methane drainage station is highly desirable for environmental and economic reasons.
Energies arrow_drop_down EnergiesOther literature type . 2023License: CC BYFull-Text: http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/7/3219/pdfData sources: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Instituteadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.3390/en16073219&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euAccess Routesgold 3 citations 3 popularity Top 10% influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!
more_vert Energies arrow_drop_down EnergiesOther literature type . 2023License: CC BYFull-Text: http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/7/3219/pdfData sources: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Instituteadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://beta.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.3390/en16073219&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu