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The SmartBay NIAP fund was made available in 2012 through Dublin City University over a two year period to enable researchers to access the SmartBay Ireland National Test and Demonstration Facility in Galway Bay. Research proposals were invited for funding under a number of activity types that are in line with the objectives of the SmartBay PRTLI Cycle 5 programme. This fund provided small awards (typically €2-25K) to research teams through a national competitive process, which was open to all higher education institutions on the island of Ireland. There were both open and biannual calls. The SmartBay NIAP fund was established to enable researchers in academia and industry to access the SmartBay Ireland national test and demonstration infrastructure. Proposals to access the infrastructure were brief and required information on the researcher(s), a description of the proposed research and its potential impact to the research team arising from the access to SmartBay Ireland. Marine Institute

Nature provides all the goods, conditions and services for the maintenance of life, societies and human wellbeing. Most of the approaches (e.g. United Nations Millennium Ecosystem Assessment) advertise these benefits as ecosystem services, mostly associated to the renewable resources on a biological basis. More recently, non-renewable and renewable geodiversity services are being framed into the MA ecosystem services categories: regulating, supporting, provisioning, and cultural services (Gray et al., 2013). In order to promote the geodiversity values, the Terras de Cavaleiros UNESCO Global Geopark (TCUGG) is now introducing the geodiversity services concept in the educational and touristic programmes. All geosites can be presented within the scope of the geodiversity cultural services taking into account that they provide data to develop our scientific knowledge. In the most important TCUGG geosites, the educational approach stress the contribution of these sites to the knowledge of the Earth history. Geodiversity cultural services also include aspects like recreation or spiritual experiences, with numerous examples in TCUGG, as well as in all other geoparks. The TCUGG promotes the understating of the sustainable use of geodiversity provisioning services and offers teachers training and educational programmes focused on geological resources. These programmes include the visit to active quarries exploiting construction materials, and mines exploiting industrial minerals like talc (active) and tungsten (inactive). Other provisioning services like freshwater and mineral water are mentioned in the geosites related with thermal springs in the geopark. This topic is also addressed in the geopark interpretative centre dedicated to the characteristics, origins and uses of ore minerals. The geodiversity supporting services refers to the geology as an essential foundation for biodiversity (services to the ecosystems) and human activities (direct supporting services). Locally, the Earth dynamics is expressed by a diversified landscape with mountains, plateaus and valleys sculpted on a variety of rocks, which results on a remarkable biodiversity. One of the TCUGG educational programmes is focused on the relief as the structuring element of the landscape and on the relationship between geodiversity and biodiversity. Soil processes, especially weathering and soil profile development, are well observed in many outcrops and geosites. The understanding of the slow soil formation, on the scale of the geological time, raises awareness for the importance of its conservation. The habitat provision is also clearly comprehensive in the Morais massif, the core of the geopark, were the endemic vegetation is clearly related to the occurrence of exotic ultramafic rocks. Direct geodiversity supporting services to human well-being are represented by the hydroelectric dam in Tuela river gorge and by the wind power on the top of Bornes Mountain. Finally, examples of geodiversity regulation services are scattered throughout the TCUGG. These services can be illustrated with the importance of rocks as essential natural filters for water quality regulation in the context of the hydrological cycle, and the importance of the rock cycle as a nature regulation service, attending to its importance for carbon sequestration, storage and climate regulation. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

This doctoral study explores higher education institutions and their role in fostering sustainability by assessing the perceptions of stakeholders, namely organization leaders. The aims of this research are to assess the importance and responsibility of higher education institutions in the fostering of sustainable development, to identify the barriers faced and challenges to overcome as these also affect their sustainability as teaching institutions, and to analyze the current state of the implementation of sustainability in Portuguese higher education institutions. The empirical study was undertaken in three studies (and organized in four papers). The first analyzed sustainability practices with information collected from the institutions' websites; the second continued the study with a qualitative approach by interviewing the organization leaders and stakeholders, at four Portuguese higher education institutions; and the last took a quantitative approach by examining the implementation of sustainability practice using data obtained from a questionnaire sent to all the Portuguese public higher education institutions. The research demonstrates that sustainability studies in Portuguese public higher education institutions are still scarce, and that higher education institutions are in an embryonic phase of implementing, incorporating and institutionalizing sustainability strategies, measures and policies in all their activities and dimensions. There is clear evidence that higher education institutions play an important role in the promotion of sustainability. However, the lack of financial resources is perceived as the main barriers to sustainability in these institutions. This study clearly demonstrates that although sustainable development is recognized as being very important to higher education institutions and society, it is not yet embedded in the system's strategies, activities, and policies. It is essential to identify sustainability strategies and to introduce sustainable development in all activities, through a “top down” process and involving all stakeholders. Finally, not only does the research identify the importance of a conceptual and organizational change in higher education institutions, but it also contributes to the literature on sustainable higher education institutions, as well as to how higher education for sustainable development is understood and can be improved, namely in the Portuguese higher education system.

Secondary level education in Ireland is going through a major transition with the introduction of the new Junior Cycle programme. For the first time sustainability is being embedded into every subject and teachers have been given the opportunity, and flexibility to create their own curriculum. Addressing this, 8 teachers at Castletroy College worked collaboratively on the “E-Mining@School” project to incorporate sustainability into their subjects’ curriculum using an ambitious multidisciplinary approach. This approach attempted to connect sustainability to the student’s everyday lives through the product that teenagers covet the most; their smartphones.The project developed a collaborative cross- curriculum pilot that explored the common theme of ‘urban mining of e-waste for Critical Raw Materials (CRMs)’ and the teachers integrated this common theme into the curriculum of 5 subjects that included Science, Geography, Business, Technology, and Civic, Social and Political Education (CSPE) that would be delivered concurrently. The pilot ran for 4 weeks, beginning at the end of January 2019. A cohort of 220 2nd year students attended 60 lessons over all 5 subjects. 24 teachers delivered these lessons and each student received, on average, over 38 hours of lessons. The project culminated in a public WEEE collection event that recovered over 11 tonnes of WEEE that was sent for recycling. The second running took place in the Spring of 2020 and it is planned to continue it as an annual endeavour. The pilot demonstrated to students the value of the resources used in their electronic products and the challenges of finite resource scarcity. It showed them not only where their stuff came from but also where it goes when they thought it thrown it away. Through the project students became familiar with and champions of the Circular Economy which was very evident in the WEEE collection event. The project was also the first occasion for the teachers to collaborate on a cross-curricular approach to secondary education and the paper includes findings on this topic.

Dissertation presented as the partial requirement for obtaining a Master's degree in Information Management, specialization in Information Systems and Technologies Management Com o crescimento da população mundial e a forte urbanização das cidades, tornou-se uma prioridade a gestão eficiente e sustentável de recursos e espaços, por forma a melhorar a qualidade de vida da população. Tudo isto só é possível quando aliado às novas tecnologias. Neste contexto, originou-se o conceito de Smart City, cidades que, com a ajuda da tecnologia, oferecem aos cidadãos serviços e oportunidades que, de outra forma, não seria possível garantir. Esta dissertação tem como objetivo explorar e perceber o impacto e as inúmeras melhorias que as Smart Cities podem trazer à nossa sociedade, bem como analisar quais são as tecnologias que influenciam a qualidade de vida. Propõe-se, ainda, um referencial que poderá ser adotado por qualquer cidade, de forma a melhorar o quotidiano dos seus cidadãos. Este referencial foca-se nas tecnologias que têm influência na qualidade de vida dos cidadãos, designadamente nas áreas da saúde, educação, ambiente, segurança, participação cívica, acessibilidade de serviços, mobilidade e cultura. Due to the growth of the world population and the strong urbanization of cities, the efficient and sustainable management of resources and spaces has become a priority, in order to improve the quality of life of the population. This is only possible when combined with new technologies. In this context, the concept of Smart City emerged, which refers to cities that, with the help of technology, offer citizens services and opportunities that otherwise would not be possible to guarantee. The goal of this dissertation is to explore and understand the impact and the numerous improvements that the Smart Cities can bring to our society, as well as analyse which are the technologies that influence the quality of life. It is also intended to propose a framework that can be adopted by any city, in order to improve the daily lives of its citizens. This framework focuses on technologies that influence the quality of life of citizens, especially in the areas of health, education, environment, security, civic participation, accessibility of services, mobility and culture.

Today’s complex global problems necessitate engineering solutions that not only consider sustainability, but include elements of design and creativity. Unfortunately, many engineering programs do not train students to think in terms of multiple contexts and at various scales. We often constrain students’ creativity to think within the narrow parameters of their specialization. Engineering educators face a difficult task of training students with both technical competencies and sustainability consciousness to tackle 21st century challenges. If we are to positively contribute to society, then we need to fundamentally change the way scientists, social scientists, and engineers are educated (Bielefeldt 2013). Two successful models for implementing sustainability grand challenges into engineering curricula have emerged in practice and in literature: stand-alone courses versus modules that are integrated into many courses. Engineering programs implement the stand-alone course-based model by establishing one to two distinct courses designed to address sustainability grand challenges and design in depth. One example of this is senior design. Conversely, engineering programs implement the modular-based model by integrating sustainability grand challenges and design throughout a host of existing courses and weave student exposure throughout the curriculum. These modules can be via ready-made modules, but more often than not faculty develop their own modules. The goal of this research was to evaluate the two models for implementing sustainability and to provide succinct recommendations and lessons learned for engineering programs tasked with integrating sustainability into their curricula. We review the implementation results of three sustainability courses, fourteen sustainability-themed modules, and senior design. We track progress towards responding to ABET Program Criterion related to sustainability and Civil Engineering Body of Knowledge 2nd edition (BOK2) Outcome 10: Sustainability. Results compare outcomes of students’ senior design project from universities implementing the two different approaches. And finally, we present the results of a formative and summative surveys of hundreds of students who participated in classes implemented throughout the project as well as faculty perceptions and barriers to implementation.

All programmes of study in Institutes of Technology in Ireland are subjected to internal programmatic review in five yearly cycles to ensure that the education programmes meet the quality assurance standards and are fit for purpose. In addition engineering and construction programmes undergo voluntary external accreditation by their respective professional bodies. Both processes differ in their focus and intent and the preparation required by the programme teams and managers. The two processes emphasise different aspects of engineering education. From the research literature, it has emerged that these assessment types are used worldwide, in varying ways and in regular cycles, for the quality assurance of engineering education programmes. Both the programmatic review and accreditation processes have evolved and diverged over time. Engineers Ireland has formally accredited all University and Institutes of Technology engineering programmes in Ireland since 1982. Engineering education programmes which satisfy the appropriate criteria laid down in the Engineers Ireland accreditation documents are deemed to meet the education standard required of individuals seeking one of the registered titles of Chartered Engineer, Associate Engineer and Engineering Technician. The Engineers Ireland accreditation process is consistent with international best practice and this is verified by their inclusion in international mutual recognition agreements. Significant consultation has taken place with the gatekeepers of these processes which includes the Registrars and Heads of Faculty in Higher Education Institutions, Quality and Qualifications Ireland (QQI) and the Registrar of Engineers Ireland. Incorporation of the programmatic review and accreditation processes into a single quality assurance process has long been an ambition of these gatekeepers. To achieve this ambition, it is imperative to determine whether it is possible to align the objectives of both processes. Twenty four triangulation documents were prepared comparing the QQI Engineering Award Standards, the QQI Professional Award Type Descriptors and the Engineers Ireland Accreditation Criteria. This allowed for comparison across the three engineering professional titles, their equivalent Irish National Framework of Qualifications levels for the three quality strands of knowledge, skill and competence and the five sub- strands of Mathematics and Sciences, Design and Development, Information Technology, Business Context and Engineering Practice. Even though there are differences in wording between the standards, there is over ninety percent alignment between all three sets of objectives in terms of their intent.

UID/HIS/04666/2013 The current discussion around models and strategies for information management in the era of digital transition point to two dynamics, which follow the lifestyles, consumer habits and information behaviour of citizens: diversity of services and content, on one side; and convergence not only in media, but also in management modes, on the other. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the use of convergent information management models, strategies and impacts in Library, Archives and other Information Services (LAIS), in academic and practical/professional environments in Portugal. Three management areas - e-skills, e-consumption and sustainability – are discussed, providing details and a basis for the convergence analysis. Using two dimensions - the operationalization of strategy and the approach to group development of LAIS skills -the usage of convergent information management models and strategies in LAIS is then examined through three cases / examples. The first model / strategy identified provides an example of assessment and it is widely explained: (1) Co-creation workshops on Building a sustainability assessment framework: this interdisciplinary experience with students of Information and Documentation master courses in the Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities of Universidade NOVA de Lisboa (FCSH/UNL) (December 2013-February 2014) and students of the Archives Post-graduation course at Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias (July 2014), led to the (co)definition of a conceptual framework for assessing the sustainability and impacts of LAIS as cultural organizations. Two other examples of information management models and strategies complemented this approach to convergence: (2) CIG’s Information and Documentation Centre (IDC) integrated the information management model (October 2013): the development of a new management model for the Commission for Citizenship and Gender Equality (CIG)’s LAIS was anchored on the implementation of a modern Library Management System, which boosted the creation/improvement and integration under the conceptual umbrella of a holistic new brand – IDC - of other information areas, like publishing inventory management, archives and records management, digitalization of CIG’s historical archive and digitalization of special collections. (3) Information Management and Curation Post-graduation and Master courses: creation of a graduate (and Master) degree in Information Management and Curation (FCSH/UNL), proposing a model for studies in which information management assumes a prominent transverse position and developing an integrated model of skills enabling simultaneously managing diversity and the hybrid culture of services convergence needs of the information market (June 2014). When taking an overarching approach to the study of these models and strategies, attention should be paid to new operating models impacts and needed management skills, focusing on thinking strategies in the cultural and creative industries and considering culture as the fourth pillar of sustainable development. This focus opens new horizons for action by allowing the creation of new performance indicators, unifying the area of culture, aggregating data from libraries, archives, museums and other information services and, thereby, allowing an integrated strategic vision of the results and impacts. In the near future, management of integrated impacts seems to be the next step of the differentiation of quality. published

The world is becoming increasingly urbanized. Municipal, metropolitan, regional and national governments, companies, international organizations, financiers, technology developers and civil society across the globe are faced with increasingly complex problems to transform the potential challenge of rapid urbanization into an opportunity to foster development and prosperity in societies. Cities are under immense pressure to address environmental sustainability issues. In addition, utilizing the potential of technologies and innovations, often under the label of Smart City initiatives, to enhance the performance in terms of efficiency, resilience and sustainability has become an important priority on many cities' agendas. In this complex urban context, infrastructures, which are best conceptualized as complex socio-technical systems, play a crucial role in attaining the desired performance for cities. Governance of urban infrastructures plays a pivotal role in enabling cities to deliver quality services to citizens. Addressing complex problems associated with governance of large urban infrastructures calls for a genuine holistic-multidisciplinary approach. However, literature shows that urban practitioners (both in the public and private sector) seldom approach complex urban problems from such a holistic and multidisciplinary perspective, and technical and discipline-specific approaches continue to prevail. The current literature also highlights the important role that professional training can play in helping urban practitioners to adopt such a perspective. Yet, only a limited number of studies have attempted to shed light on the challenges associated with training urban practitioners to adopt a holistic perspective; even fewer studies go on to propose effective strategies for dealing with those challenges in practice. This thesis precisely sheds light on this understudied domain of research. Action Research is used as the research methodology in this thesis. A full-scale Executive Master program on innovative governance of large urban systems (IGLUS) was developed and served as the empirical context of the research. The thesis reports the processes undertaken for the design, implementation, and continuous evaluation of the IGLUS Executive Master. Building upon this solid empirical basis, it also provides a systematic and structured illustration of some of the most important challenges associated with training urban practitioners to adopt a more holistic-multidisciplinary perspective to address complex urban problems. Strategies for effectively dealing with these challenges, and ultimately delivering a transformative learning experience, are also proposed. The key findings of this thesis are that critical reflection is instrumental to developing meaningful learning experiences for adult learners. Developing and using conceptual frameworks can serve as an invaluable pedagogical exercise; supporting the meaning-making processes for both the educators and learners. Helping adults to effectively engage in critical reflection in and on their actions is absolutely essential, but is an inherently complex and delicate task. Thus, delivering a learning experience on the basis of promoting critical reflection requires a genuinely innovative, reflective and comprehensive approach towards the design and delivery of the training programs; in these settings knowledgeable, dedicated and creative program managers and educators play a pivotal role.

A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Management from the NOVA – School of Business and Economics Escolinha de Rugby da Galiza is a Social Entrepreneurship project from Santa Casa da Misericórdia de Cascais that uses an innovative approach to social integrate children from the community of Fim do Mundo. Through the study and analysis of this project, it was identified the need to improve the sustainability approach currently used. A set of proposals were developed to diversify its sources of donations and generate its own revenues in order to guarantee its longterm sustainability.