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The paper investigates the local thickness distribution of a wall liquid film in a curvilinear channel. The research technique on experimental water-air stand with a curvilinear working channel is described. The results of measurements of the local thickness of the liquid film on the upper and lower walls of the channel for two flow velocities are obtained at various flow rates. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd. This work was supported by the grant Russian Foundation for Basic Research No. 17–38–50069.

Achieving economic development is one of the most important economic goals of every country. Identifying the determinants of economic growth, is a useful tool for adopting appropriate economic policies. This study, therefore, empirically examines the impact of trade openness, foreign direct investment, and financial development on economic growth, across 62 countries over the period 1995–2016. These countries are divided into two groups: low-income and high-income countries. We employ the pooled mean group (PMG), mean group (MG), and dynamic fixed effect (DFE) estimation techniques on the cross-country panel data. The findings show a positive long run association between trade openness, foreign direct investment (FDI), financial development, labor, government expenditure, and economic growth in low-income countries, with a positive and negative short run effect from capital and government expenditures, respectively. For high-income countries, a positive long run association between trade openness, FDI, capital, and economic growth exist. The short run estimates indicate a positive effect on trade openness and capital as well as a negative effect on government expenditure. Our study shows that the adoption of policies that improves access to skilled labor and international trade, affect the attainment of a sustainable economic development.

Effectively reducing climate change requires marked, global behavior change. However, it is unclear which strategies are most likely to motivate people to change their climate beliefs and behaviors. Here, we tested 11 expert-crowdsourced interventions on four climate mitigation outcomes: beliefs, policy support, information sharing intention, and an effortful tree-planting behavioral task. Across 59,440 participants from 63 countries, the interventions’ effectiveness was small, largely limited to nonclimate skeptics, and differed across outcomes: Beliefs were strengthened mostly by decreasing psychological distance (by 2.3%), policy support by writing a letter to a future-generation member (2.6%), information sharing by negative emotion induction (12.1%), and no intervention increased the more effortful behavior—several interventions even reduced tree planting. Last, the effects of each intervention differed depending on people’s initial climate beliefs. These findings suggest that the impact of behavioral climate interventions varies across audiences and target behaviors.

Nowadays, most countries of the world are implementing the transition to the low-carbon economy which implies the need to carry out a full-scale eco-modernization of the energy sector. Green energy may be identified as one of the core concerns of energy sector modernization as it allows a considerable decrease in emissions of harmful substances into the atmosphere. Therefore, nuclear and renewable energy may become key areas of global energy development in the near future, which is also in agreement with circular economy concepts. However, public opinion (and other controversial visions/aspects) is one of the barriers to their development. The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between attitudes towards nuclear and renewable energy in two countries: a EU country (Italy) and a non-EU country (Russia), considering the level of their development. The authors conducted a survey among residents regarding their attitude towards nuclear and renewable energy, as well as their attitude to the present energy policy. The cluster analysis technique was used to analyze the results. The obtained results confirmed the dependence between the level of development of nuclear and renewable energy and the public attitude towards it. The national energy policy also might influence public opinion on the development of nuclear or renewable energy. The authors identified public attitude as one of the key factors in the development of energy and the achievement of environmental and social sustainability.

Abstract: The paper presents the results of the study on luminescence and electronic excitations in Li6Gd(BO3)3 single crystals. The optical and luminescence spectroscopy with a sub-nanosecond time resolution upon selective photoexcitation in the energy range from 3.0 to 650 eV was used to investigate in detail the luminescence of both the Gd3þ host ions and Ce3þ impurity ions as well as the processes of energy transfer between them. The intrinsic ultraviolet emission at 3.95–3.97 eV due to 6Pj-8S7=2 transitions in the Gd3þ host ion and the fast luminescence at 2.8–3.0 eV due to 5d-4f1 dipole-allowed transitions in the Ce3þ impurity ion were studied upon excitations hrough the intracenter, charge transfer, bandto-band, and inner-shell transitions. The specificity of the energy transfer upon excitation of photoluminescence in the energy range of absorption of the inner shells of different atoms of the crystal, as well as in the energy region of the giant resonance of 4d–4f transitions was revealed. On the basis of the experimental data, the bandgap Eg¼9.3 eV, the minimum energy of the 5d-4f1 and charge transfer transitions were determined. The expected positions of the ground states of the 4fn and 4fn15d levels of trivalent lanthanide ions as well as the 4fnþ1 and 4fn5d levels of divalent ions were calculated for all the lanthanide ions in Li6Gd(BO3)3 host crystal. Journal of luminescence 134, 113-125 (2013). doi:10.1016/j.jlumin.2012.09.002 Published by Elsevier, New York, NY [u.a.]

In this study, we investigate whether outbound foreign direct investment (OFDI) either augments or impedes domestic public and private investment, incorporating the role of institutional quality into the context of developed and emerging countries. To this end, we apply a cross-sectional-autoregressive-distributed lag (CS-ARDL) approach to analyze panel data from the period 1996–2017. Our empirical findings suggest that OFDI augments private capital formation for developed countries. Institutional quality (IQ) is found to be a driving factor that promotes private capital formation in the established economies of developed countries. However, OFDI has a negative association with the public capital formation in the established economies of developed countries, while IQ has a positive association with it. In the context of emerging economies, OFDI is found to be too insignificant to have an effect on private and public capital formation. Interestingly, IQ has a detrimental effect on both private and public capital formation in emerging economies. Our findings are robust. The empirical findings of this study imply that institutional quality should continue to be improved in developed countries, while it should surpass a certain threshold for emerging economies to promote domestic capital formation.

Over the last few decades, environmental deterioration has accelerated significantly. Environmental degradation has been a subject of research across the world because of its impact on billions of people. However, there has been no international agreement on lowering the utilization of energy and CO2 emissions (CO2), while demand for fossil fuels grows in emerging economies. On the other hand, the recent COP26 summit brought all parties together to accelerate action toward reaching the goals of the Paris Agreement and the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change. Although previous research shows that international trade promotes positive socioeconomic outcomes, other experts argue that it contributes to natural resource shortages and ecological deterioration. Thus, the current research considers the effect of international trade, renewable energy use and technological innovation on consumption-based carbon emissions (CCO2), coupled with the role of financial development and economic growth in the BRICS economies between 1990 and 2018. Moreover, this research utilizes the common correlated effects mean group (CCEMG), augmented mean group (AMG) and Dumitrescu and Hurlin (2012) causality methods to assess these interrelationships. The study findings reveal that renewable energy use, exports and technological innovation mitigate CCO2, whereas economic growth and imports trigger CCO2 in the BRICS economies. The panel causality outcomes also reveal that all the variables except financial development can predict CCO2 emissions. Based on the study findings, we recommend the adoption of policies, regulations and the development of legislative frameworks that promote technological innovation and the shift toward sustainable energy.

La relaxation par ultrasons des verres de tellurite xB2O3 – 70 TeO2 – (30 – x) WO3, 0 ≤ x ≤ 30 mol% a été étudiée en mesurant l'atténuation par ultrasons (αL) dans ces verres dans la gamme thermique 140–300 K (T) à diverses fréquences (f). Certaines caractéristiques peuvent être obtenues à partir de la relation de αL–T, telles que l'énergie d'activation moyenne (Ep) et la fréquence de tentative (f0). Les variables Ep et f0 sont fonction de la fréquence et de la teneur en B2O3. De plus, la relation αL–T rend bien compte des oscillations des atomes d'oxygène dans un processus de relaxation. Un tel processus physique provient de la transmission d'énergie ultrasonore aux atomes d'oxygène oscillants dans un potentiel à double puits. Le processus de relaxation est inspecté par un modèle appelé force centrale 1. Les différentes variables physiques soustraites d'un tel modèle sont fonction du contenu B2O3. La relajación ultrasónica de los vidrios de telurito xB2O3 – 70 TeO2 – (30 – x) WO3, 0 ≤ x ≤ 30 mol% se investigó midiendo la atenuación ultrasónica (αL) en estos vidrios en el rango térmico 140–300 K (T) a varias frecuencias (f). Algunas características se pueden obtener de la relación de αL–T, como la energía de activación media (Ep) y la frecuencia de intento (f0). Las variables Ep y f0 son una función de la frecuencia y el contenido de B2O3. Además, la relación αL–T explica bien las oscilaciones de los átomos de oxígeno en un proceso de relajación. Dicho proceso físico se origina a partir de la transmisión de energía ultrasónica a los átomos de oxígeno oscilantes en un potencial de doble pozo. El proceso de relajación es inspeccionado por un modelo llamado fuerza central uno. Las diferentes variables físicas restadas de dicho modelo son una función del contenido de B2O3. The ultrasonic relaxation of tellurite glasses xB2O3 – 70 TeO2 – (30 – x) WO3, 0 ≤ x ≤ 30 mol% was investigated by measuring the ultrasonic attenuation (αL) in these glasses in the thermal range 140–300 K (T) at various frequencies (f). Some characteristics can be obtained from the relation of αL–T, such as the average activation energy (Ep) and the attempt frequency (f0). The variables Ep and f0 are a function of frequency and B2O3 content. Moreover, the relation αL–T accounts well for the oscillations of the oxygen atoms in a relaxation process. Such a physical process is originated from transmitting ultrasonic energy to the oscillating oxygen atoms in a dual-well potential. The relaxation process is inspected by a model named central force one. The subtracted different physical variables from such a model are a function of B2O3 content. تم فحص الاسترخاء بالموجات فوق الصوتية لنظارات التيلوريت xB2O3 – 70 TeO2 – (30 – x) WO3، 0 ≤ x ≤ 30 mol% من خلال قياس التوهين بالموجات فوق الصوتية (αL) في هذه النظارات في النطاق الحراري 140–300 K (T) عند ترددات مختلفة (f). يمكن الحصول على بعض الخصائص من علاقة αL - T، مثل متوسط طاقة التنشيط (Ep) وتردد المحاولة (f0). المتغيران Ep و f0 هما دالة للتردد ومحتوى B2O3. علاوة على ذلك، فإن العلاقة αL - T تمثل بشكل جيد تذبذبات ذرات الأكسجين في عملية الاسترخاء. تنشأ هذه العملية الفيزيائية من نقل الطاقة فوق الصوتية إلى ذرات الأكسجين المتذبذبة في جهد بئر مزدوج. يتم فحص عملية الاسترخاء بواسطة نموذج يسمى القوة المركزية الأولى. المتغيرات الفيزيائية المختلفة المطروحة من هذا النموذج هي دالة لمحتوى B2O3.