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  • Energy Research
  • 2016-2025
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  • В статье рассмотрена проблема энергосбережения и повышения энергоэффективности в жилищно-коммунальном хозяйстве России. Проведен анализ трудов российских и зарубежных авторов, раскрывающих проблему энергоэффективности в ЖКХ, причины ее низкого уровня и последующие пути решения. Также проанализированы статистические данные об избыточном потреблении энергоресурсов в ЖКХ, оснащенности индивидуальными приборами учета по разным видам коммунальных ресурсов, внедрении энергосберегающих технологий в строительство энергоэффективных домов. Целью статьи является рассмотрение проблемы энергосбережения и повышения энергоэффективности в жилищно-коммунальном хозяйстве с разных сторон и выявление наиболее важных факторов, значительно влияющих на низкие показатели энергоэффективности России. В статье обращается внимание на важность проблемы энергоэффективности для всей экономики страны и острая необходимость в ее решении наиболее результативными методами. Предлагаются способы решения проблемы энергоэффективности, действенные в каждом субъекте Российской Федерации. The article deals with the problem of energy saving and energy efficiency in the housing and communal services of Russia. The analysis of the works of Russian and foreign authors, revealing the problem of energy efficiency in housing and communal services, the reasons for its low level and subsequent solutions, was carried out. Statistical data on excessive consumption of energy resources in housing and communal services, equipment with individual metering devices for various types of communal resources, and the introduction of energy-saving technologies in the construction of energy-efficient houses are also analyzed. The purpose of the article is to consider the problem of energy saving and energy efficiency in housing and communal services from different angles and to identify the most important factors that significantly affect the low energy efficiency in Russia. The article draws attention to the importance of the problem of energy efficiency for the entire economy of the country and the urgent need to solve it with the most effective methods. The ways of solving the problem of energy efficiency, effective in each subject of the Russian Federation, are proposed.

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  • В последние десятилетия экологическая проблема приняла глобальный характер и требует консолидации мирового сообщества. Возникающие экологические угрозы становятся все более опасными для человечества, поэтому требуются усилия всех государств для предотвращения негативных последствий изменения окружающей среды. В данной статье рассматривается деятельность международных акторов в сфере обеспечения экологической безопасности. Авторами проведен сравнительный анализ правовых основ и национальных особенностей политики экологической безопасности Дании, США и России, рассмотрены примеры использования возобновляемых источников энергии, направленных на минимизацию экологических рисков, выявлены проблемы и определены перспективы реализации экологической политики в условиях перехода к «зеленой энергетике». In recent decades, the environmental problem has become global in nature and requires the consolidation of the world community. Emerging environmental threats are becoming more and more dangerous for humanity, therefore efforts of all states are required to prevent the negative consequences of environmental change. This article examines the activities of international actors in the field of ensuring environmental safety. The authors conducted a comparative analysis of the legal framework and national characteristics of environmental safety policies in Denmark, the USA and Russia, examined examples of the use of renewable energy sources aimed at minimizing environmental risks, identified problems and identified prospects for the implementation of environmental policy in the context of the transition to “green energy”.

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    Authors: L.V, Nefedova; Yu.Yu, Rafikova;

    The importance of developing a risk management methodology for the development of the renewable energy sector in Russia is justified. The stages of researches on the problem of risk assessments and management in renewable energy in MSU since 2015 are considered. The results are described: a list of risk factors and methods of managing them by using different kinds of renewable energy sources; internal and external components of risk factors that depend and not depend on the developers of RE projects are identified. The author's methodology for assessing resource risks level in the solar energy industry based on the calculation of the variability of the statistical parameters of insolation is presented.

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    При изготовлении комбикормов производители стремятся заменить зерновое сырьё различными отходами пищевого и агропромышленного комплекса. Такое стремление особенно четко прослеживается в странах западной Европы. Это связано с высокой стоимостью зерновых ресурсов, что непосредственно влияет на конечную стоимость сельскохозяйственной продукции. Затраты на кормление в отдельных случаях могут составлять до 80% от конечной цены реализации продукции. Поэтому совершенствование технологий производства комбикормов и рационов питания сельскохозяйственных животных является актуальной задачей. В качестве заменителей зернового сырья могут выступать такие отходы промышленности как: свекольный жом, стебли бобовых, лузга различных зерновых культур и другие. Обычно заменители зернового сырья содержат в своём составе большую долю клетчатки и лигнина, которые сложно перевариваются в процессе пищеварения у сельскохозяйственных животных. Для более полного усвоения этих веществ необходимо проводить технологические операции, направленные на разрушение высокобиополимерных структур с целью получения более простых легкоусвояемых веществ. В статье рассматривается совершенствование технологии получения экструдированных комбикормов и кормовых добавок за счёт применения операции двухстадийного измельчения с химической обработкой и заморозкой сырья. When making mixed fodders, producers try to replace grain raw materials with various wastes of food and agro-industrial complex. Such aspiration is especially clear in the countries of Western Europe. This is due to the high cost of grain resources, which directly affects the final cost of agricultural products. Feeding costs in some cases can be up to 80% of the final selling price of products. Therefore, improvement of technologies of production of mixed fodders and diets for farm animals is an urgent task. As substitutes for grain, raw materials can be such industrial wastes as: beet pulp, stems of legumes, husks of various grain crops and others. Usually substitutes for grain raw materials contain a large proportion of fibre and lignin, which are difficult to digest during digestion in farm animals. For more complete assimilation of these substances it is necessary to carry out technological operations aimed at destruction of high biopolymer structures in order to obtain simpler easily digestible substances. The article examines the improvement of the technology of extruded mixed fodders and feed additives through the use of two-stage grinding operation with chemical treatment and freezing of raw materials. Международный научно-исследовательский журнал, Выпуск 5 (143) 2024

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    https://dx.doi.org/10.60797/ir...
    Article . 2024
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    Authors: Popov P. Y.;

    This paper examines the nature and characteristics of the introduction of energy-saving measures, formulates the basic concepts, goals for energy conservation, and also presents and compares the methods for assessing the economic efficiency of energy-saving measures in Russian research practice. The dynamics of energy prices in the Sverdlovsk region for enterprises are presented, a comparative analysis of price changes in this area and in the lending area has been conducted, also an empirical research was conducted to define which methodologies and indicators are used practically in the course of calculating the assessment of the effectiveness of introducing energy-saving projects. The proposed by us improvement of efficiency evaluation of introducing energy saving measures is presented. The approbation of the developed improvement also are presented. В данной работе рассматривается сущность и особенности внедрения энергосберегающих мероприятий, формулируются основные понятия, цели, по энергосбережению, а также приводятся и сравниваются методики оценки экономической эффективности энергосберегающих мероприятий в российской научно-исследовательской практике. Приведена динамика цен на энергоносители в Свердловской области для предприятий, проведен сравнительный анализ изменения цен в данной сфере и в сфере кредитования, а также было проведено эмпирическое исследование по определению того, какие методики, показатели используются на практике при расчете оценки эффективности внедрения энергосберегающих проектов. Представлено предлагаемое нами совершенствование оценки эффективности внедрения энергосберегающих. Также представлена апробация разработанного совершенствования.

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  • Authors: Kurmantaeva, A. A.;

    Цель работы – оценить выбросы парниковых газов нефтедобывающей компании и возможности коммерциализации углеродного следа.

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  • The issues of implementing effective measures to reduce losses during the operation of power electrical equipment are of particular practical interest for electric grid and industrial enterprises. In nominal and close to them modes, power transformers have a fairly high coefficient of performance (COP). However, the efficiency of autotransformers depends on many factors due to their design features. In this study, the authors propose a method for improving the energy efficiency of autotransformers while optimizing the functioning of their cooling system in order to reduce operating losses for electric drives of pumps and fans of forced cooling systems using an autotransformer with a rated power of 125 MVA as an example. Вопросы внедрения эффективных мероприятий по снижению потерь при эксплуатации силового электрооборудования представляют практический интерес для электросетевых и промышленных предприятий. В номинальных и близких к ним режимах силовые трансформаторы обладают высоким коэффициентом полезного действия (КПД). Однако из-за конструктивных особенностей автотрансформаторов их КПД зависит от многих факторов. На примере автотрансформатора АТДЦТН-125000/220/110-У1 номинальной мощностью 125 МВ·А предложен способ повышения энергоэффективности при оптимизации функционирования их системы охлаждения с целью снижения эксплуатационных потерь на электроприводы насосов и вентиляторов систем принудительного охлаждения. Энергетик, Выпуск 5 2023, Pages 19-21

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  • Authors: Pereladova Ekaterina; Gleb V. Martynov; Daria E. Monastyreva; Tikhonov Roman; +2 Authors

    В данной статье рассмотрена микрополярная модель, позволяющая описать нелинейный процесс разрыхления бетона в постпиковой зоне с помощью разделения относительных деформаций на пластическую и линейную часть, а также их подсчёта на каждой плоскости микропланов. Было проведено несколько численных экспериментов и их результаты сравнены с лаборатырными экспериментами, которые были проведены ранее другими исследователями. Кроме того, результаты сравнивались с расширенной моделью материала Дрюкера-Прагера. Все числовые примеры были смоделированы в среде ANSYS APDL. После выполнения расчетов были получены результаты для процессов нагрузки и разгрузки, получены переменные деформации для данных процессов. Также было произведено сравнение кривых нагрузки-смещения текущей модели и предыдущих исследований (эксперимент и моделирование с SOLID65) для нисходящей и восходящей нагрузки соответственно. Наконец, приведены характерные значения нагрузки и максимальные прогибы. (В этом проекте была проанализирована правильность микрополярной модели с пластичностью на армированных комплексных структурных образцах, которые были сравнены с экспериментальными данными, проведенными ранее с использованием модели конструктивного материала Виллема и Варнке.) This article discusses the micropolar model, which allows to describe the nonlinear process of concrete loosening in the post-peak zone by separating the relative deformations into the plastic and linear parts, as well as from the calculation on each plane of the microplans. Such a model was used to perform various three-dimensional samples in order to demonstrate its regularization properties. Several numerical samples were investigated and compared with the results of experiments that were conducted recently. In addition, the results were compared with an extended Drucker-Prager material model. All numerical examples were modeled in the ANSYS APDL environment. After performing the calculations, results were obtained for descending and ascending loads. Variable deformations were obtained for the load down and for the load up. We also compared the load-displacement curves of the current model and previous studies (experiment and simulation with SOLID65) for the downward and upward loads, respectively. Finally, characteristic load values and maximum deflections for various modeling sources were given for the load down and for the load up.

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    Authors: Galina, Bityaeva; Mergen, Sangadzhiev;

    The Republic of Kalmykia is rich in solar energy, where the sun shines for more than three-quarters of a year. In addition to solar energy, wind energy can be used in the region. Since agriculture is the major branch of the economy in the Republic, waste from it can be used as biogas. This paper discusses the use of renewable energy sources in protected areas where additional noise devices and aggregates cannot be used. Also, the use of high-voltage power lines can lead to fires, and they occupy part of the useful area of nature reserves, so additional maintenance is required. To solve this problem, we analyzed the current state of the reserve for the protection of saiga lands in Kalmykia. The questions of insolation depending on the seasons and day-night characteristics are also investigated. The materials were the results of expedition routes conducted in recent years in the Black Lands reserve, data from cordons. The obtained materials will make it possible to use non-traditional types of energy for lighting cordons, hunting and tourist areas, in particular, the use of solar modules of different designs. To promote specially protected areas and the use of solar energy.

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    Изучение Мультинских озер Республики Алтай является сложной и многогранной задачей, требующей рассмотрения различных природных и антропогенных факторов, которые оказывают влияние на экосистему этих озер. Благодаря данным, собранным сотрудниками Катунского заповедника и представленным в летописях природы, мы можем ознакомиться с климатическими, гидрологическими и гидрохимическими особенностями данного региона, а также с их изменениями под воздействием человеческой деятельности. Климатические характеристики Мультинских озер играют важную роль в понимании экологической системы данного региона. Разнообразие климатических условий влияет на формирование и обновление водных ресурсов, а также на микроклиматические условия, которые существенно влияют на живые организмы в озерах и в окружающей их территории. Гидрологические и гидрохимические особенности Мультинских озер также являются неотъемлемой частью изучения их экосистемы. Данные о гидрологическом режиме, колебании уровня воды и температуре приземного слоя позволяют понять динамику круговорота воды, что влияет на живой мир в озерах и на прилегающую территорию. Гидрохимические данные позволяют определить уровень загрязнения воды тяжелыми металлами, минерализацию, насыщение воды кислородом и показатель pH. Эти данные очень важны, так как любые изменения в химическом составе могут быть связаны с антропогенным воздействием. Собранные данные также отражают изменения в экосистеме Мультинских озер под воздействием человеческой деятельности. Большое количество туристов может негативно влиять на заповедную территорию. Мониторинг данных позволяет выявить и оценить степень влияния туризма на экосистему озер и разработать меры по снижению негативного воздействия. The study of Multa Lakes of the Altai Republic is a complex and multifaceted task that requires consideration of various natural and anthropogenic factors that influence the ecosystem of these lakes. Thanks to the data collected by the staff of Katunsky Reserve and presented in nature chronicles, we can acquaint ourselves with climatic, hydrological and hydrochemical specifics of this region, as well as with their changes under the influence of human activity. Climatic characteristics of Multa Lakes play an important role in understanding the ecological system of this region. The diversity of climatic conditions influences the formation and renewal of water resources, as well as microclimatic conditions that significantly affect living organisms in the lakes and the surrounding area. Hydrological and hydrochemical features of Multa Lakes are also an integral part of the study of their ecosystem. Data on the hydrological regime, water level fluctuations and surface layer temperature allow to understand the dynamics of the water cycle, which affects the living world in the lakes and the surrounding area. Hydrochemical data can determine the level of heavy metal contamination, salinity, oxygen saturation and pH. These findings are very important as any changes in chemical composition can be linked to anthropogenic impacts. The data collected also reflects changes in the ecosystem of Multa Lakes under the influence of human activities. Numerous tourists can have a negative impact on the protected area. Data monitoring makes it possible to identify and evaluate the degree of tourism impact on the lakes' ecosystem and develop measures to reduce the negative impact. Международный научно-исследовательский журнал, Выпуск 4 (142) 2024

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  • В статье рассмотрена проблема энергосбережения и повышения энергоэффективности в жилищно-коммунальном хозяйстве России. Проведен анализ трудов российских и зарубежных авторов, раскрывающих проблему энергоэффективности в ЖКХ, причины ее низкого уровня и последующие пути решения. Также проанализированы статистические данные об избыточном потреблении энергоресурсов в ЖКХ, оснащенности индивидуальными приборами учета по разным видам коммунальных ресурсов, внедрении энергосберегающих технологий в строительство энергоэффективных домов. Целью статьи является рассмотрение проблемы энергосбережения и повышения энергоэффективности в жилищно-коммунальном хозяйстве с разных сторон и выявление наиболее важных факторов, значительно влияющих на низкие показатели энергоэффективности России. В статье обращается внимание на важность проблемы энергоэффективности для всей экономики страны и острая необходимость в ее решении наиболее результативными методами. Предлагаются способы решения проблемы энергоэффективности, действенные в каждом субъекте Российской Федерации. The article deals with the problem of energy saving and energy efficiency in the housing and communal services of Russia. The analysis of the works of Russian and foreign authors, revealing the problem of energy efficiency in housing and communal services, the reasons for its low level and subsequent solutions, was carried out. Statistical data on excessive consumption of energy resources in housing and communal services, equipment with individual metering devices for various types of communal resources, and the introduction of energy-saving technologies in the construction of energy-efficient houses are also analyzed. The purpose of the article is to consider the problem of energy saving and energy efficiency in housing and communal services from different angles and to identify the most important factors that significantly affect the low energy efficiency in Russia. The article draws attention to the importance of the problem of energy efficiency for the entire economy of the country and the urgent need to solve it with the most effective methods. The ways of solving the problem of energy efficiency, effective in each subject of the Russian Federation, are proposed.

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  • В последние десятилетия экологическая проблема приняла глобальный характер и требует консолидации мирового сообщества. Возникающие экологические угрозы становятся все более опасными для человечества, поэтому требуются усилия всех государств для предотвращения негативных последствий изменения окружающей среды. В данной статье рассматривается деятельность международных акторов в сфере обеспечения экологической безопасности. Авторами проведен сравнительный анализ правовых основ и национальных особенностей политики экологической безопасности Дании, США и России, рассмотрены примеры использования возобновляемых источников энергии, направленных на минимизацию экологических рисков, выявлены проблемы и определены перспективы реализации экологической политики в условиях перехода к «зеленой энергетике». In recent decades, the environmental problem has become global in nature and requires the consolidation of the world community. Emerging environmental threats are becoming more and more dangerous for humanity, therefore efforts of all states are required to prevent the negative consequences of environmental change. This article examines the activities of international actors in the field of ensuring environmental safety. The authors conducted a comparative analysis of the legal framework and national characteristics of environmental safety policies in Denmark, the USA and Russia, examined examples of the use of renewable energy sources aimed at minimizing environmental risks, identified problems and identified prospects for the implementation of environmental policy in the context of the transition to “green energy”.

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    Authors: L.V, Nefedova; Yu.Yu, Rafikova;

    The importance of developing a risk management methodology for the development of the renewable energy sector in Russia is justified. The stages of researches on the problem of risk assessments and management in renewable energy in MSU since 2015 are considered. The results are described: a list of risk factors and methods of managing them by using different kinds of renewable energy sources; internal and external components of risk factors that depend and not depend on the developers of RE projects are identified. The author's methodology for assessing resource risks level in the solar energy industry based on the calculation of the variability of the statistical parameters of insolation is presented.

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    При изготовлении комбикормов производители стремятся заменить зерновое сырьё различными отходами пищевого и агропромышленного комплекса. Такое стремление особенно четко прослеживается в странах западной Европы. Это связано с высокой стоимостью зерновых ресурсов, что непосредственно влияет на конечную стоимость сельскохозяйственной продукции. Затраты на кормление в отдельных случаях могут составлять до 80% от конечной цены реализации продукции. Поэтому совершенствование технологий производства комбикормов и рационов питания сельскохозяйственных животных является актуальной задачей. В качестве заменителей зернового сырья могут выступать такие отходы промышленности как: свекольный жом, стебли бобовых, лузга различных зерновых культур и другие. Обычно заменители зернового сырья содержат в своём составе большую долю клетчатки и лигнина, которые сложно перевариваются в процессе пищеварения у сельскохозяйственных животных. Для более полного усвоения этих веществ необходимо проводить технологические операции, направленные на разрушение высокобиополимерных структур с целью получения более простых легкоусвояемых веществ. В статье рассматривается совершенствование технологии получения экструдированных комбикормов и кормовых добавок за счёт применения операции двухстадийного измельчения с химической обработкой и заморозкой сырья. When making mixed fodders, producers try to replace grain raw materials with various wastes of food and agro-industrial complex. Such aspiration is especially clear in the countries of Western Europe. This is due to the high cost of grain resources, which directly affects the final cost of agricultural products. Feeding costs in some cases can be up to 80% of the final selling price of products. Therefore, improvement of technologies of production of mixed fodders and diets for farm animals is an urgent task. As substitutes for grain, raw materials can be such industrial wastes as: beet pulp, stems of legumes, husks of various grain crops and others. Usually substitutes for grain raw materials contain a large proportion of fibre and lignin, which are difficult to digest during digestion in farm animals. For more complete assimilation of these substances it is necessary to carry out technological operations aimed at destruction of high biopolymer structures in order to obtain simpler easily digestible substances. The article examines the improvement of the technology of extruded mixed fodders and feed additives through the use of two-stage grinding operation with chemical treatment and freezing of raw materials. Международный научно-исследовательский журнал, Выпуск 5 (143) 2024

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    Authors: Popov P. Y.;

    This paper examines the nature and characteristics of the introduction of energy-saving measures, formulates the basic concepts, goals for energy conservation, and also presents and compares the methods for assessing the economic efficiency of energy-saving measures in Russian research practice. The dynamics of energy prices in the Sverdlovsk region for enterprises are presented, a comparative analysis of price changes in this area and in the lending area has been conducted, also an empirical research was conducted to define which methodologies and indicators are used practically in the course of calculating the assessment of the effectiveness of introducing energy-saving projects. The proposed by us improvement of efficiency evaluation of introducing energy saving measures is presented. The approbation of the developed improvement also are presented. В данной работе рассматривается сущность и особенности внедрения энергосберегающих мероприятий, формулируются основные понятия, цели, по энергосбережению, а также приводятся и сравниваются методики оценки экономической эффективности энергосберегающих мероприятий в российской научно-исследовательской практике. Приведена динамика цен на энергоносители в Свердловской области для предприятий, проведен сравнительный анализ изменения цен в данной сфере и в сфере кредитования, а также было проведено эмпирическое исследование по определению того, какие методики, показатели используются на практике при расчете оценки эффективности внедрения энергосберегающих проектов. Представлено предлагаемое нами совершенствование оценки эффективности внедрения энергосберегающих. Также представлена апробация разработанного совершенствования.

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  • Authors: Kurmantaeva, A. A.;

    Цель работы – оценить выбросы парниковых газов нефтедобывающей компании и возможности коммерциализации углеродного следа.

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  • The issues of implementing effective measures to reduce losses during the operation of power electrical equipment are of particular practical interest for electric grid and industrial enterprises. In nominal and close to them modes, power transformers have a fairly high coefficient of performance (COP). However, the efficiency of autotransformers depends on many factors due to their design features. In this study, the authors propose a method for improving the energy efficiency of autotransformers while optimizing the functioning of their cooling system in order to reduce operating losses for electric drives of pumps and fans of forced cooling systems using an autotransformer with a rated power of 125 MVA as an example. Вопросы внедрения эффективных мероприятий по снижению потерь при эксплуатации силового электрооборудования представляют практический интерес для электросетевых и промышленных предприятий. В номинальных и близких к ним режимах силовые трансформаторы обладают высоким коэффициентом полезного действия (КПД). Однако из-за конструктивных особенностей автотрансформаторов их КПД зависит от многих факторов. На примере автотрансформатора АТДЦТН-125000/220/110-У1 номинальной мощностью 125 МВ·А предложен способ повышения энергоэффективности при оптимизации функционирования их системы охлаждения с целью снижения эксплуатационных потерь на электроприводы насосов и вентиляторов систем принудительного охлаждения. Энергетик, Выпуск 5 2023, Pages 19-21

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  • Authors: Pereladova Ekaterina; Gleb V. Martynov; Daria E. Monastyreva; Tikhonov Roman; +2 Authors

    В данной статье рассмотрена микрополярная модель, позволяющая описать нелинейный процесс разрыхления бетона в постпиковой зоне с помощью разделения относительных деформаций на пластическую и линейную часть, а также их подсчёта на каждой плоскости микропланов. Было проведено несколько численных экспериментов и их результаты сравнены с лаборатырными экспериментами, которые были проведены ранее другими исследователями. Кроме того, результаты сравнивались с расширенной моделью материала Дрюкера-Прагера. Все числовые примеры были смоделированы в среде ANSYS APDL. После выполнения расчетов были получены результаты для процессов нагрузки и разгрузки, получены переменные деформации для данных процессов. Также было произведено сравнение кривых нагрузки-смещения текущей модели и предыдущих исследований (эксперимент и моделирование с SOLID65) для нисходящей и восходящей нагрузки соответственно. Наконец, приведены характерные значения нагрузки и максимальные прогибы. (В этом проекте была проанализирована правильность микрополярной модели с пластичностью на армированных комплексных структурных образцах, которые были сравнены с экспериментальными данными, проведенными ранее с использованием модели конструктивного материала Виллема и Варнке.) This article discusses the micropolar model, which allows to describe the nonlinear process of concrete loosening in the post-peak zone by separating the relative deformations into the plastic and linear parts, as well as from the calculation on each plane of the microplans. Such a model was used to perform various three-dimensional samples in order to demonstrate its regularization properties. Several numerical samples were investigated and compared with the results of experiments that were conducted recently. In addition, the results were compared with an extended Drucker-Prager material model. All numerical examples were modeled in the ANSYS APDL environment. After performing the calculations, results were obtained for descending and ascending loads. Variable deformations were obtained for the load down and for the load up. We also compared the load-displacement curves of the current model and previous studies (experiment and simulation with SOLID65) for the downward and upward loads, respectively. Finally, characteristic load values and maximum deflections for various modeling sources were given for the load down and for the load up.

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    Authors: Galina, Bityaeva; Mergen, Sangadzhiev;

    The Republic of Kalmykia is rich in solar energy, where the sun shines for more than three-quarters of a year. In addition to solar energy, wind energy can be used in the region. Since agriculture is the major branch of the economy in the Republic, waste from it can be used as biogas. This paper discusses the use of renewable energy sources in protected areas where additional noise devices and aggregates cannot be used. Also, the use of high-voltage power lines can lead to fires, and they occupy part of the useful area of nature reserves, so additional maintenance is required. To solve this problem, we analyzed the current state of the reserve for the protection of saiga lands in Kalmykia. The questions of insolation depending on the seasons and day-night characteristics are also investigated. The materials were the results of expedition routes conducted in recent years in the Black Lands reserve, data from cordons. The obtained materials will make it possible to use non-traditional types of energy for lighting cordons, hunting and tourist areas, in particular, the use of solar modules of different designs. To promote specially protected areas and the use of solar energy.

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    Изучение Мультинских озер Республики Алтай является сложной и многогранной задачей, требующей рассмотрения различных природных и антропогенных факторов, которые оказывают влияние на экосистему этих озер. Благодаря данным, собранным сотрудниками Катунского заповедника и представленным в летописях природы, мы можем ознакомиться с климатическими, гидрологическими и гидрохимическими особенностями данного региона, а также с их изменениями под воздействием человеческой деятельности. Климатические характеристики Мультинских озер играют важную роль в понимании экологической системы данного региона. Разнообразие климатических условий влияет на формирование и обновление водных ресурсов, а также на микроклиматические условия, которые существенно влияют на живые организмы в озерах и в окружающей их территории. Гидрологические и гидрохимические особенности Мультинских озер также являются неотъемлемой частью изучения их экосистемы. Данные о гидрологическом режиме, колебании уровня воды и температуре приземного слоя позволяют понять динамику круговорота воды, что влияет на живой мир в озерах и на прилегающую территорию. Гидрохимические данные позволяют определить уровень загрязнения воды тяжелыми металлами, минерализацию, насыщение воды кислородом и показатель pH. Эти данные очень важны, так как любые изменения в химическом составе могут быть связаны с антропогенным воздействием. Собранные данные также отражают изменения в экосистеме Мультинских озер под воздействием человеческой деятельности. Большое количество туристов может негативно влиять на заповедную территорию. Мониторинг данных позволяет выявить и оценить степень влияния туризма на экосистему озер и разработать меры по снижению негативного воздействия. The study of Multa Lakes of the Altai Republic is a complex and multifaceted task that requires consideration of various natural and anthropogenic factors that influence the ecosystem of these lakes. Thanks to the data collected by the staff of Katunsky Reserve and presented in nature chronicles, we can acquaint ourselves with climatic, hydrological and hydrochemical specifics of this region, as well as with their changes under the influence of human activity. Climatic characteristics of Multa Lakes play an important role in understanding the ecological system of this region. The diversity of climatic conditions influences the formation and renewal of water resources, as well as microclimatic conditions that significantly affect living organisms in the lakes and the surrounding area. Hydrological and hydrochemical features of Multa Lakes are also an integral part of the study of their ecosystem. Data on the hydrological regime, water level fluctuations and surface layer temperature allow to understand the dynamics of the water cycle, which affects the living world in the lakes and the surrounding area. Hydrochemical data can determine the level of heavy metal contamination, salinity, oxygen saturation and pH. These findings are very important as any changes in chemical composition can be linked to anthropogenic impacts. The data collected also reflects changes in the ecosystem of Multa Lakes under the influence of human activities. Numerous tourists can have a negative impact on the protected area. Data monitoring makes it possible to identify and evaluate the degree of tourism impact on the lakes' ecosystem and develop measures to reduce the negative impact. Международный научно-исследовательский журнал, Выпуск 4 (142) 2024

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    https://dx.doi.org/10.23670/ir...
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