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Studien syftar till att undersöka klimatmedvetenhet i relation till matvanor hos en grupp unga svenska vuxna, och att undersöka dess samband med fysisk aktivitetsnivå och kön. Följande forskningsfrågor ställdes: Hur kan sambandet mellan matvanor, aktivitetsnivåer och kön förstås i termer av energiintag, koldioxidavtryck och proteinkällor? Hur påverkar olika aspekter av matvanor koldioxidavtrycket? Hur beaktas hållbarhet inom ramen för matvanor? Denna studie använde en mixed-method-ansats som kombinerade intervjuer och data från projektet Measuring Energy Expenditure and Dietary Intake at Different Activity Levels (MEDAL). En sju dagars matregistrering gav detaljerade insikter i deltagarnas matintag med fokus på proteinkällor och koldioxidavtryck (CO2e). Deltagare i åldrarna 18-40 rekryterades från Göteborgs universitet och lokala idrottsklubbar mellan oktober 2020 och april 2021. De delades in i två grupper baserat på deras fysiska aktivitetsnivåer, enligt WHO riktlinjer. Datainsamlingen inkluderade semistrukturerade intervjuer och en sju dagars matregistrering med hjälp av onlineverktyget Nutrition Data. Energiförbrukning i vila mättes med indirekt kalorimetri. Intervjuerna undersökte matköpsvanor, kostpreferenser och klimatpåverkan utan att direkt informera deltagarna om klimatfokuset för att undvika bias. Kvantitativa data analyserades med statistiska tester, medan kvalitativa insikter triangulerades med kostregistreringarna för att bedöma eventuellt klimatmedvetna och hållbara matvanor. Analysen guidades av social praktik teori, med fokus på samspelet mellan deltagarnas attityder och beteenden. Statistisk analys genomfördes med SPSS, och signifikanta resultat bestämdes med ett p-värde på 0,05 eller lägre. This study employed a mixed-method approach combining interviews and data from the Measuring Energy Expenditure and Dietary Intake at Different Activity Levels (MEDAL) project. A seven-day food record provided detailed insights into participants' food intake, focusing on protein sources and carbon footprint (CO2e). Participants, aged 18-40, were recruited from Gothenburg University and local sports clubs between October 2020 and April 2021. They were divided into two groups based on their physical activity levels, following WHO guidelines. Data collection included semi-structured interviews and a seven-day food record using the Nutrition Data online tool. Resting energy expenditure was measured using indirect calorimetry. The interviews explored food shopping habits, dietary preferences, and climate impact considerations without directly informing participants of the climate focus to avoid bias. Quantitative data were analyzed with statistical tests, while qualitative insights were triangulated with food records to assess climate-conscious and sustainable food consumption practices. The analysis was guided by social practice theory, focusing on the interplay between participants' attitudes and behaviors. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS, and significant findings were determined with a p-value of 0.05 or lower.

The Environmental Displacement Dataset (EnDis) quantifies human movement in response to sudden-onset natural hazards, including floods, storms, wildfires, landslides, earthquakes, and volcanic activity.

This scenario set of consistent national and global low-carbon development pathways, developed as part of the CD-LINKS project, takes current national policies and the Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) as an entry point for short-term climate action, then transitioning to the long-term temperature goals of 1.5 and 2°C as defined by the Paris Agreement. The scenarios explore the complex interplay between climate action and development, while simultaneously taking both global and national perspectives and thereby informing the design of complementary climate-development policies. The CD-LINKS consortium brought together national and global integrated assessment modeling teams from Europe, China, India, Brazil, Russia, Japan and the USA as well as domain experts in the areas of human development, climate adaptation, economics, energy geopolitics, atmospheric chemistry, human health, land use, agriculture, and water. The data is available for download at the CD-LINKS Scenario Explorer. The license permits use of the scenario ensemble for scientific research and science communication, but restricts redistribution of substantial parts of the data. Please refer to the FAQ and legal code for more information.

Diesel engine exhausts from a common rail 3.0 L F1C diesel engine were analyzed at two different load conditions of the WLTC testing cycle downstream of both the diesel particulate filter (DPF) and selective catalytic reactor (SCR) to verify their effect on the characteristics of carbon particulate matter. An array of chemical, physical and spectroscopic techniques (gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS), mobility analyzer, UV-Visible absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy) was applied for characterizing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), heavy aromatic compounds and soot, constituting the particulate matter (PM) sampled from the exhaust. The engine was operated in half load (HL) (188 Nm, representing the more common condition for engine in urban traffic) and full load (FL) (452 Nm, representing the best performance of the engine operation) conditions, at the same engine speed (2000 rpm). Soot formation was enhanced in HL condition, with respect to FL, but, just because of the much lower soot amount, the after-treatment systems in this last condition resulted to be less efficient in the soot abatement. Indeed, the abatement through DPF was about 40% lower in the FL condition with respect to HL condition, and any significant further concentration decrease was found after SCR, in both conditions. By contrast, PAH concentration after DPF abatement was found to be higher in the HL with respect to FL condition. A further PAH concentration decrease of about 30% was found after the SCR in the HL condition whereas in FL the reduction was only about 5-6%. Also the heavy aromatic compounds having molecular weight above the GC-MS detection limit (300 u), were mitigated by SCR. Therefore, SCR did not cause a further soot reduction, whereas it was effective in largely reducing PAH and heavy aromatics emissions, especially in the lower temperature condition featuring the half-load condition, when combustion efficiency is worse. Moreover, SCR system reduced the emission of small particles probably due to an enhanced agglomeration of particles, with beneficial effect on the harmfulness to human health.

Originally developed and validated at the Cabauw (Netherlands) topographically flat onshore location, the alpha-I wind resource extrapolating method was tested at the FINO3 offshore site in the North Sea (Germany). The aim was to prove its validity also when applied over a substantially different environment in terms of surface characteristics and stability conditions. Data from local mast at 30, 80, and 100 m were used, with extrapolations to 80-m and 100-m turbine hub heights accomplished based on 30-m turbulence intensity observations. Trained over a 2-year period (2011-2012), the method was validated on year 2013. Similarly to the onshore application, the method was reliable in extrapolating wind speed to both 80 m and 100 m, with bias within 5%, NRMSE = 0.20 and r = 0.94. Conversely, scores were largely better than at the onshore site in predicting the annual energy yield, biased by 0.41-1.02% at 80 m, and 1.12-1.36% at 100 m. The method proved to be highly sensitive to the stability classification, as not considering this option increased its biases to 4.51-5.93% at 80 m, and 7.46-8.23% at 100 m. Method's reliability might suitably help reduce the number of masts installed throughout a large offshore area.

Synopsis Climate change can directly and indirectly affect species distribution. Warming may allow for invasive species, such as apple snails, to migrate to higher latitudes where temperatures are more conducive to their survival and invasion success. Higher temperatures and lower pH ranges have been previously documented to affect the form and function of calcium carbonate shells, which serve many functions, including protection from predators and thermoregulation. This study aimed to quantify differences in the morphology and mechanical properties of invasive apple snail, Pomacea maculata, shells after altering temperature and pH. We mechanically tested shells among three five-week treatments: control, higher temperature, and lower pH. Ultimate Strength increased in shells that were exposed to higher temperatures, but Young’s Modulus and Peak Load did not differ among control, temperature, and pH treatments. Apple snails in higher temperature tanks increased their shell length over the five-week trials. Although snail morphometrics did not differ between sexes, male shells exhibited a higher Peak Load, Young’s Modulus, and Ultimate Strength compared to female shells. Our findings are consistent with previous gastropod studies, in that a lower pH is associated with a decrease in shell size, and higher temperatures yield larger snail shells with a higher ultimate strength. Peak Load did not significantly differ among treatments, which suggests that the cross-sectional area is relatively important when considering this species mechanical performance today and in future climates. Due to the intense nutritional and calcium demands of egg production, female snails may be more susceptible to weakened shells due to low pH environments caused by climate change.

Synopsis Classic debates in community ecology focused on the complexities of considering an ecosystem as a super-organ or organism. New consideration of such perspectives could clarify mechanisms underlying the dynamics of forest carbon dioxide (CO2) uptake and water vapor loss, important for predicting and managing the future of Earth’s ecosystems and climate system. Here, we provide a rubric for considering ecosystem traits as aggregated, systemic, or emergent, i.e., representing the ecosystem as an aggregate of its individuals or as a metaphorical or literal super-organ or organism. We review recent approaches to scaling-up plant water relations (hydraulics) concepts developed for organs and organisms to enable and interpret measurements at ecosystem-level. We focus on three community-scale versions of water relations traits that have potential to provide mechanistic insight into climate change responses of forest CO2 and H2O gas exchange and productivity: leaf water potential (Ψcanopy), pressure volume curves (eco-PV), and hydraulic conductance (Keco). These analyses can reveal additional ecosystem-scale parameters analogous to those typically quantified for leaves or plants (e.g., wilting point and hydraulic vulnerability) that may act as thresholds in forest responses to drought, including growth cessation, mortality, and flammability. We unite these concepts in a novel framework to predict Ψcanopy and its approaching of critical thresholds during drought, using measurements of Keco and eco-PV curves. We thus delineate how the extension of water relations concepts from organ- and organism-scales can reveal the hydraulic constraints on the interaction of vegetation and climate and provide new mechanistic understanding and prediction of forest water use and productivity.

The most widely used process for hydrogen production is steam methane reforming. It can be carried out using a membrane reactor in which simultaneous hydrogen production and purification occur. Mathematical modeling of these reactors plays a key role in the selection of the design and operating parameters that yield high performance for the reactor. This review study discusses, synthesizes, and compares different mathematical modeling studies on the packed bed membrane reactors for hydrogen production from methane found in the literature. Different approaches used in these modeling studies for the hydrogen permeation steps, reaction kinetic expressions, phases involved (pseudo-homogeneous and heterogeneous), and spatial dimensions (one, two, and three dimensional) are given.