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Technical solutions for optimizing the flame aerodynamics and the design of tangentially arranged burners in a TGMP-314 boiler are proposed. The implementation of these solutions will make it possible to achieve more reliable operation of the boiler during fuel oil combustion, smaller amount of NOx emissions during the combustion of gas and fuel oil, and a somewhat lower air excess factor in the furnace.

The article is devoted to calculations of load on rollers of a curvilinear continuous casting machine during bending of the ingot in the levelling section. The calculation takes into account the elastic and plastic characteristics of metal and the flexibility of the roller apparatus. Determination of load on rollers together with meeting other requirements such as reducing the cooling water consumption, minimizing the energy consumption enables optimizing the technology of slab cooling in the secondary cooling zone (SCZ) and obtaining metal of the required quality.

Beyond the anticipated experience associated with tourism destinations, the United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) has further tasked (especially the destination countries) on the importance of tourism to achieving the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). From this dimension, this study employed the ecological footprint of the 10 most visited countries (France, Spain, United States, China, Italy, Mexico, United Kingdom, Turkey, Germany, and Thailand) over the period 1995-2016. Specifically, the study employed an econometric approach and found that increase in tourism arrivals and globalization is detrimental to the attainment of sustainable environmental quality in a long term. Precisely, a 1% increase in international arrivals and globalization is responsible for a 0.18 and 0.89% increase in ecological footprint in the long-run. These impacts of tourism activities and globalization are detrimental to the environmental quality of the destination countries. Meanwhile, the real income per capita and biocapacity in the destination countries improve the environmental quality of the panel of destination countries in the long-run. In addition, the study found significant evidence of Granger causality from tourism and real income to ecological footprint without feedback, the globalization-ecological footprint Granger causality nexus is with feedback. Moreover, potentially effective policies for government and other stakeholders especially toward attaining Global goals were proffered in the study.

The aim of the research presented in the article is to develop methods and means for integrated modeling of compact expanded capacity power lines. Algorithms for determining modes of electrical energy systems were used based on phase coordinates based on application of elements models in form of lacelike equivalent networks with fully-meshed topology. These models and methods were implemented in Fazonord-APC software application, ensuring modeling of EES sta-tionary modes, and determining strengths of electromagnetic fields generated by power lines of different design. We demonstrate results of modes and electromagnetic fields modeling on routes of 220 kV compact overhead power supply lines (COPL) with horizontal positioning of wires. For the purpose of comparison, similar calculations were performed for a typical overhead power line (TOPL). The modeling results allowed to formulate the following conclusions: when overall sections of COPL and TOPL are equal, the losses of active power in compact OPL are significantly lower; thus, when transmitted power is 375 MW, the losses in COPL are reduced by 45% compared to a typical 220 kV OPL; at compact OPL receiver end a lower unsymmetry is observed; COPL ensure better electromagnetic safety conditions; electrical field strength at a height of 1.8 m for COPL axis is less than a similar index for TOPL by approximately 1.5 times; magnetic field in the same point is reduced to 60%.

Considerable interest is being shown in using biochar production from waste biomass with a variety of disciplines to address the most pressing environmental challenges. Biochar produced by the thermal decomposition of biomass under oxygen-limited conditions is gaining popularity as a low-cost amendment for agro-ecosystems. The efficiency of biochar formation is affected by temperature, heating rate, feedstock type, particle size and reactor conditions. Properties such as pH, surface area and ash content of produced biochar increases with increasing temperatures. Biochar produced at lower heating rates may have high porosity and be beneficial for morphological changes in the soil. Biochar can help to enhance soil health and fertility as well as improve agricultural yield. As a result, biochar can assist in increasing food security by promoting sustainable agricultural systems and preserving an eco-friendly environment. Biochar is also widely being used as a sorbent for organic and inorganic pollutants, owing to its large surface area, allowing it to be immobilized from soil with ease. The functional groups and charges present on the surface of biochar play an important role in pollutants removal. This review focuses on the mechanisms of biochar production using different waste materials as a feed stock, factors that influence biochar quality as well as application of biochar in agricultural soil and their reclamation as well. This article also discusses knowledge gaps and future perspectives in the field of biochar-based toxic-pollution remediation.

AbstractThis article shows the results of hydrological studies on the river Don around water-intake facilities in Rostov-on-Don. The factors of wind-surge influencing ecstatic increases in the water level of the receiving basin are presented. The uneven seasonal and long-term flow river regime leading to intensive channel deformations was evaluated. A low water discharge, causing an active rift deformation within the saddle was of a high river-forming significance for the natural water flow due to a high amount of water irrespective of the yearly water content. However, the river reformation occurred mostly during a high water discharge (flooding): the floodplain was subdivided into separate arrays of channels and creeks constituting several branches within the floodplain. These deformations facilitated the formation of the easily washed floodplain alluvium. These deformations occurred mainly during years with the abundant rainfall. For a relatively short period of time (the flood period) the most significant river bed deformation occurred during the natural flow. Hydrographs were drafted according to the results of the studies on the water-level regime.

Local renewable energy resources (RES) are often considered as an alternative to the conventional power supply by means of power lines. This is an urgent approach for rural electrification if there are long distances from main substations, and distribution feeders’ construction and service is not cost effective for grid companies. Nevertheless, the real potential for RES implementation at some regions could be limited by economic, geographical and climatic factors especially. The paper gives a review of the experience of power supply type selection for distant consumers given the specific northern continental conditions. The main goal of the paper is the methods estimating technical and economical efficiency of power supply system alternatives including centralized power supply and standalone microgrid implementation to select suitable power supply variant.

Abstract In this paper, we discuss a number of ways to define and measure the affordability of energy consumption, and we examine the emergence of energy poverty in Italy in the period from 1998 to 2011. The paper examines the eligibility criteria for claiming the benefits available to support energy consumption for vulnerable families and it identifies the potential beneficiaries. The study assesses the appropriateness of the eligibility criteria by comparing the population targeted by the policy with the population actually facing affordability problems. A simulation exercise, using the hypothetical scenario most likely to result in energy benefits being made available, shows that, regardless of the affordability index adopted, the provision of state energy benefits has little impact on fuel poverty.