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Purpose: The aim of this work is the operational electrophysical method of the control for contamination and purification of soil from oil products and the identification of changes in the soil properties in electrochemical processing to determine rational modes of processing.Methods: Investigations are performed on the laboratory setup including the two -electrode scheme of electric treatment of the artificially polluted soil .The setup is equipped with a system of micro sensors of specific electrical resistance. Traditional laboratory tests are used to determine the physical and mechanical properties of soils. The possibility of control for soil purification by electrochemical method using a system of continuous operational geophysical monitoring is considered.Results: Changes in the physical properties of contaminated soils are experimentally confirmed when exposed to the electric current. A physical model is created for coagulation of oil products in pores during the electrical processing. It increases the amount of sand and clay components with changes in the electrical resistance of soil. The physical processes in the clean and polluted soil are compared. It is shown that when electric current passes through contaminated soils, oil products in pores transfer to a solid, less toxic state, which leads to a change in the specific electrical soil resistance throughout the zone processed. This pattern should be used to control soil decontamination.

The object of the study is the water supply and sanitation system of an industrial enterprise. Currently, many enterprises do not use the treated industrial waste water in the water supply cycle. Therefore, the use of treated wastewater is of practical importance. The scheme of thermal treatment of waste water for obtaining pure condensate by evaporation is proposed. The main results of the study are the technical solution for the development of the enterprise's wastewater treatment complex. Pure condensate is obtained in an instant boiling evaporator. The research method is based on the calculation of energy costs in wastewater treatment for different types of waste water. The results of the study allow us to determine the optimal set of energy equipment for obtaining pure condensate and its further use. The specific practical significance lies in the development of a technical solution that helps the treatment of wastewater and the reduction of emissions into the water basin.

The Urban Heat Island (UHI), a consequence of urban development, leads to elevated temperatures within cities compared to their rural counterparts. This phenomenon results from factors such as urban designs, anthropogenic heat emissions, and materials that absorb and retain solar radiation in the built environment. Materials commonly used in cities, like concrete, asphalt, and stone, capture solar energy and subsequently emit it as heat into the surroundings. Consequently, this phenomenon amplifies summertime cooling energy demands in buildings. To mitigate the UHI impacts, various mitigation strategies have emerged that include but are not limited to using higher solar reflectivity materials, known as “cool materials”, and increasing vegetation and greenery in urban areas. Cool materials have high reflectivity and emissivity, effectively reflecting solar radiation while emitting absorbed heat through radiative cooling. Increasing the solar reflectivity of building envelope materials is a promising sustainable solution to lessen the UHI effects. This state-of-the-art review summarizes the UHI causes and effects, states the mitigation strategies, describes the cool building envelope materials, explains the solar reflectivity index measurements, indicates the building and micro-climate simulations, highlights the performance evaluation of using cool building envelope materials, points out the research gaps, and proposes future research opportunities.

The oil production and refining processes are directly dependent on historical and political processes. The world wars of the 20th century were catalysts for the transformation of oil as the main energy resource. The capacity of enterprises in the oil refining industry is important for the development of politics and economies of states because oil products are one of the most sought after goods. Addressing the problem of capacity development for oil resource processing at Russian refineries is a relevant topic to build an effective policy for the distribution of global oil resources. The purpose of this paper is to identify the distribution trends in oil resource refining capacities in Russia. The developed method allows us to determine the dynamics of refining capacities in all regions of the country, establish the contributions of refinery groups to regional and countrywide capacities, and identify trends in the capacity concentrations of refineries and regions. The timeline that was used for the research period is 2009–2019. The results of the study showed increases in processing capacity in all federal districts. By 2019, the Volga Federal District provided the largest annual contribution to the countrywide capacity. The Southern Federal District moved up from the fourth to second position. It was followed by the Siberian, Central, Northwestern, Far Eastern, and Ural Federal Districts. The trends in the distribution capacities across the country indicate the prospect for building additional refineries in the Asian part of Russia. Rosneft was the leader, while Gazprom retained the second position. Independent refiners took the third position in terms of total refinery capacity, with Lukoil in the fourth position. Furthermore, Surgut-NG, Tatneft, Mini refineries, and NOVATEK followed the top four positions. The changes in concentration ratios indicated the increased monopolization of the refinery market. A decisive contribution to this process was due to by Rosneft’s takeover of TNK-BP and Bashneft’s capacities. The changes in regional concentrations were influenced by the changes in processing capacities of the Volga Federal District.

The aim of the study - identification of factors that ensure the vital activity of indigenous small-numbered peoples of the North in the Arctic, as well as the analysis of their impact on the preservation and development of the ethnic group. Identifying problems and assessing the prospects for the development of indigenous people consists of 3 stages: analysis of foreign and domestic sources, the results of scientific research teams; systematization of statistical data, including information on the dynamics of the development of indigenous people (number, employment in traditional activities); the impact assessing of legal, economic and social factors on the preservation and development of indigenous people. A comprehensive analysis of a wide range of legal, economic and social problems of ensuring the traditional life of indigenous people within the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation (AZRF) has shown the need to improve legislative, financial and managerial actions to preserve them as a specific community, adapted to the extremely severe conditions of permanent residence beyond the Arctic Circle and as a unique phenogenotype, whose activity is closely conjugated with the environmental state of the macroregion and in fact is entirely dependent on it. The exclusive role of indigenous peoples in preserving the natural complexes of the Arctic in the 21st century for future generations was emphasized. Under the conditions of proliferation of technogenic and anthropogenic burden on the natural complexes of the macroregion, associated with the intensive development of fuel and power resources, deposits of rare and precious metals, development of coastal transport infrastructure and a multiple increase in the population in the Russian Arctic with a creation of "stronghold areas" the threat of the indigenous peoples' disappearance appeared (Enets - about 200 people remain and less than 100 people - the Votes). Under the conditions of a large-scale, integral impact of man-made, anthropogenic and climatic factors on indigenous communities in the Arctic, their life environment and traditional management the need for urgent adoption of a complex of specific and targeted legal, economic and social measures aimed at ensuring and preserving their livelihoods is obvious.

Methods for automated creation of algorithms for operational interlocking of switchgear are examined. Algorithms are constructed on the basis of information on the main circuit of an electrical installation described in terms of IEC 61850 (Communication networks and systems in substations). The algorithms are created in the framework of a system for automated design of secondary switching circuits.

A numerical method of calculating the neutron yield of accelerator neutron generators using the nuclear reactions D(d, n)3He and T(d, n)4He and results are presented. For a generator with a titanium target, the neutron yield is presented for different accelerating voltages and ratios of the ion-flux components and approximate relations suitable for real-time evaluation of the neutron yield are obtained.

The paper the one of current problem of transition of district heating systems (DHS) to the new type of intelligent and integrated systems. This problem is related to the implementation the technology of prosumer, which allows regulating its own heat loading ensuring the most efficiency heating modes by using its own heat sources (HS) and/or heat storages. The statement of considered problem is formulated as the search of the optimal loading relation between the own distributed HS of prosumer and the district HS of DHS, based on the criterion of minimal cost on heating to prosumer for each calculated time interval during the heating period. The practical researches based on calculating experiment using the test scheme of DHS is provided. The results of calculations are presented as diagram of prosumer’s and district HS loading for the considered DHS scheme, as well as the economic benefit when using distributed generation of prosumers.