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Artículos en revistas To achieve an effective integration of the electric vehicle in the grid, not only technical issues must be solved, but also a new regulatory context and business models must be proposed. This paper proposes two electric vehicle integration business models; one resembles the mobile-phone business, while the other is more based on current practices in the electricity-supply business. Decomposition into three layers: physical, management, and business, is used to describe those business models. Furthermore, electric vehicle charging scenarios are presented to illustrate how the proposed business models fit in each of the potential situations. Finally, several practical study cases are presented. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

The ways in which the highly coercive permanent magnet affects the performance of a faceplate magnetic clutch are considered, with constant torque and dimensions.

Two-dimensional photon echo in the photosystem II reaction center reveals the exciton-vibrational coherences that promote directed energy/electron transfers.

The future trajectory of greenhouse gas concentrations depends on interactions between climate and the biogeosphere. Thawing of Arctic permafrost could release significant amounts of carbon into the atmosphere in this century. Ancient Ice Complex deposits outcropping along the ~7,000-kilometre-long coastline of the East Siberian Arctic Shelf (ESAS), and associated shallow subsea permafrost, are two large pools of permafrost carbon, yet their vulnerabilities towards thawing and decomposition are largely unknown. Recent Arctic warming is stronger than has been predicted by several degrees, and is particularly pronounced over the coastal ESAS region. There is thus a pressing need to improve our understanding of the links between permafrost carbon and climate in this relatively inaccessible region. Here we show that extensive release of carbon from these Ice Complex deposits dominates (57 ± 2 per cent) the sedimentary carbon budget of the ESAS, the world’s largest continental shelf, overwhelming the marine and topsoil terrestrial components. Inverse modelling of the dual-carbon isotope composition of organic carbon accumulating in ESAS surface sediments, using Monte Carlo simulations to account for uncertainties, suggests that 44 ± 10 teragrams of old carbon is activated annually from Ice Complex permafrost, an order of magnitude more than has been suggested by previous studies. We estimate that about two-thirds (66 ± 16 per cent) of this old carbon escapes to the atmosphere as carbon dioxide, with the remainder being re-buried in shelf sediments. Thermal collapse and erosion of these carbon-rich Pleistocene coastline and seafloor deposits may accelerate with Arctic amplification of climate warming.

Methodical approaches to forest biomass and net primary production estimating are studied and their regression models are designed. By means of combining these models and State Forest Account database of 305 forest enterprises of the Ural region the total forest biomass (9.11 billion tons) and net primary production (542 million tons) are calculated. The models and calculating algorithms are involved into the information system on the base of the Software AG platform Natural, which allows to estimate and to re-calculate forest biomass and net primary production on some territory in automatic mode.

It has been postulated that opioid systems in the brain may play a role in ethanol reinforcement. In this respect, mu- and delta-opioid receptors may mediate the rewarding effects whereas kappa receptors are thought to mediate the aversive effects of opioids. Accordingly, long-acting benzomorphans such as bremazocine, that simultaneously act as mu and delta receptor antagonists and kappa receptor agonists may be particularly effective in reducing ethanol self-administration. Therefore, we studied the effect of bremazocine on oral ethanol self-administration in rats using a paradigm [unrestricted free-choice drinking of 10% (v/v) ethanol], previously shown to cause long-term neuroadaptations in the nucleus accumbens and caudate putamen. Bremazocine (0.1 mg/kg, once daily for five consecutive days) reduced ethanol drinking by about 50% during the active period of the animals, whereas the intake of sucrose (3-10% w/v) was affected neither in naive nor in ethanol-experienced rats. This effect of bremazocine appeared not to be secondary to its acute sedative effect or the slight increase in total fluid consumption. Unlike bremazocine, the selective kappa-opioid receptor agonist U50,488H (10 mg/kg, once daily) inhibited ethanol drinking only during the first of 5 treatment days and the opioid receptor antagonist naltrexone (0.3-10 mg/kg, once daily) only caused a modest (about 20%) suppression of ethanol drinking during the first hours after drug injection. Thus, bremazocine appears to be far more potent than the clinically applied drug naltrexone in this respect. Our data further support the role of opioid receptors in ethanol reinforcement and indicate that long-acting mixed-action opioids such as bremazocine may be useful as adjuvants for the clinical management of ethanol addiction.

Abstract Several studies have proven the energy savings associated to the incorporation of phase change materials (PCM) into plastering mortars for application in buildings, in view of thermal comfort. However, the simultaneous incorporation of more than one type of PCM (hybrid PCM) into plastering mortars may even bring about added benefits for the thermal efficiency as they can be tailored for specific performance targets. One of the aims of this paper is to demonstrate the feasibility of hybrid PCM mortars at the material level. This study encompasses the evaluation of several mortars with and without microencapsulated PCM. Hardened mortar samples were assessed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and also through differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The DSC tests that were performed have demonstrated a clear dependence of the measured thermograms in regard to the adopted heating/cooling rate. Therefore, this research work also focused on this issue, both for single and hybrid PCM mortars. The following effects of heating/cooling cycles on DSC results were evaluated: the shape of the thermograms, the peak phase change temperature, the calculated specific enthalpy and the hysteretic behavior between heating and cooling cycles.

A method for calculating and optimizing a cascade of gas centrifuges with an arbitrary scheme for connecting the stages is proposed. The particulars of its application to separation of a binary mixture of uranium isotopes are examined. Different cascades optimized using the criterion of minimum total number of gas centrifuges are compared. It is shown that the choice of symmetric or asymmetric schemes for designing the cascade depends on the type of gas centrifuge used.