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本文用2001-2002年泉州湾及其附近海域综合调查中获得的底栖多毛类资料,探讨该海域多毛类的组成、数量分布及与环境因子的关系.共鉴定出该海域多毛类68种,多数属亚热带海区常见种,其中双鳃内卷齿蚕为主要的优势种.多毛类年平均栖息密度和生物量分别为56个/m2和1.11 g/m2,数量分布不均匀,下洋附近海域为主要的高栖息密度和高生物量区.沉积物类型显著影响多毛类的数量分布,而底层海水的温度和盐度对其也有一定的影响. ; The polychaete fauna was studied at 15 stations in Quanzhou Bay and its adjacent waters,by seasonal samplings from November 2001 to August 2002.Species composition,density and biomass distribution and their relationship to polychaete and their inhabiting environments were studied.In recorded 68 species of 28 families Aglaophamus dibranchis was the first predominant species.The yearly average density and biomass are 56 ind./m2 and 1.11 g/m2 respectively.Spatial distribution of the polychaetes was uneven and varied.High-density and high-biomass zone was located at waters near the village Xiayang .Among all factors discussed,sediment feature was the most important factor influencing the polychaete distribution besides salinity and DO at the bottome water layer.

电致化学发光(ECL)具有连续可测、高灵敏度、稳定、方法简单等特点，因此被广泛应用于分子生物学、药学、化学和环保等领域。联吡啶钌由于具有水溶性好，化学性能稳定，氧化还原可逆，发光效率高和激发态寿命长等特点而成为ECL研究最多应用最广的ECL发光物质。将联吡啶钌包埋于二氧化硅纳米颗粒的内部能够使其发光免受外界环境的影响，且增加了光稳定性和增强了发光信号，同时，由于表面的二氧化硅层容易修饰一些官能团，如氨基、巯基、羰基等，扩大了联吡啶钌ECL在生物分析领域的应用。本论文工作将酶交联于RuDS的表面，以酶交联的RuDS纳米颗粒修饰电极做工作电极，通过酶催化反应生成的氧化还原物质NADH对联吡啶钌EC. ; Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) has been widely applied in biological, pharmic, chemical and environmental analysis due to its continuance, sensitivity, reproducibility and relative easiness to be automatically controlled. Ru(bpy)32+ has became the most widely used luminescent reagent because of its good water solubility, chemical stability, reversible redox, high efficiency and long excited state . ; 学位：理学硕士 ; 院系专业：化学化工学院化学系_分析化学 ; 学号：20520071150954

太阳能电池和热电模块组成的复合系统有望获得较高的太阳能到电能的转换效率。本文利用热力学方法分析了由商业化太阳能电池构成的复合系统,并根据一维模型下能流输运特性计算了系统内各模块温度及其对转换效率的影响,发现低温度系数和低效率的太阳能电池可以通过构建复合系统获得更大的性能提升。同时,由于太阳辐照的有限性导致流经热电模块的热流受到限制,因此热电模块效率无法达到理想条件下的最优值。这表明复合系统的优化并非各个模块优化后结果的简单线性叠加,而需要考虑构成复合系统的各个模块间的约束条件进行整体计算和优化,即复合系统效率不仅与材料本征特性(如电导率、热导率等)有关,也和其工作状态(如入射太阳辐照强度、热电模块构成及几何尺寸、模块之间热学特性等)有关。上述模型与结果对于类似复合系统的设计有着指导作用。 ; A hybrid system formed by a photovoltaic module and a thermoelectric module has a great potential to enhance the solar-to-electricity efficiency.A mathematical model based on the first law of thermodynamics and the heat transfer analyses of the hybrid system is built, where the overall efficiency of the system is enhanced by optimizing the system as a whole.The model is used to study hybrid systems formed by commercially available photovoltaic modules and thermoelectric modules.It is found that, due to a limited incoming heat flux for the thermoelectric module, the overall performance of the hybrid system depends not only on the intrinsic properties of the materials forming such a hybrid system, but also on their working conditions, such as incoming solar radiation, geometry of each module, and interfacial properties.The results indicate that only photovoltaic modules with low temperature coefficient and low efficiency can truly benefit from forming such hybrid system, and the optimization of a hybrid system must be done as a whole. ; 教育部高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金新教师项目(20090121120028);教育部高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金博导类项目(20120121110021); 国家自然科学基金项目(U1232110)

低温燃料电池以其清洁、高效、安全、可移动、操作条件温和等优点，被誉为是最具大规模产业化前景的一类燃料电池。低温燃料电池包括质子交换膜燃料电池、直接醇燃料电池和直接酸燃料电池等。但是这些燃料电池催化剂均使用价格昂贵、资源稀缺的贵金属铂作为主要活性组分，由此造成的燃料电池成本高昂已成为制约燃料电池商业化进程的重要因素。另外，铂作为燃料电池的催化剂还具有容易中毒的缺点。因此，针对燃料电池成本高，反应活性低和稳定性差等制约其商业化的主要因素，展开材料的合理设计，通过提高材料的物理和化学性质，寻找可行的新型催化剂材料路线显得尤为重要。本论文具体内容主要包括以下几个方面： 一、设计甲酸电催化氧化反应的高. ; Low temperature fuel cells (LTFC) have attracted much attention all over the world due to their abilities to deliver clean and high power density, safety, portability, convenience in operation and commercialization viability in the future. LTFCs are predicted to be the best candidate for industrialization applications. Low temperature fuel cells include proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). ; 学位：工学博士 ; 院系专业：化学化工学院_工业催化 ; 学号：20620120153461

研究了MOVPE生长的与GaAs晶格匹配的 (AlxGa1-x) 0 .51In0 .4 9P(x =0 .2 9)合金的PL谱的温度依赖关系 ,在变温约为 17～ 2 30K范围内 ,谱线半宽从 2 4meV变到 4 0～ 6 0meV ,强度减小了大约两个数量级。对PL谱积分强度随温度变化的拟合表明 ,在低温区与高温区存在两个不同的激活能。温度小于 90K ,激活能为 4～ 5meV ,温度大于 90K ,激活能为 2 5～ 55meV。认为低温区行为由带边起伏引起的载流子热离化伴随的无辐射跃迁所控制 ,而高温区取决于子晶格的有序度。 ; The temperature-dependence of PL spectra is applied to investigate (Al x Ga 1- x ) 0.51 In 0.49 P alloys lattice-matched to GaAs and grown by MOVPE.The fitting to the integrated PL intensity shows that there exist two activation energies in two different temperature regions.Below 90 K,the activation energy is about 4～5 meV,whereas the activation energy is about 25～55 meV above 90 K.It is believed that the low temperature PL behaviour is likely to be controlled by non-radiative transition accompanied by carrier thermalization caused by spatial fluctuations of the band edges.The high temperature PL behaviour is suspected to be dominated by a nonradiative path whose characteristic activation energy and transition probability depend upon the degree of sublattice ordering. ; 国家自然科学基金资助项目! (6 9776 0 11);; 福建省自然科学基金资助项目

无线传感网络技术在军事、工业、建筑等领域具有重要的应用价值。无线传感网络节点需要体积微小、功率密度高、长寿命和性能可靠的适配电源，目前的传统电池无法满足这些要求。解决无线传感网络节点的能量供给成为无线传感网络研究的关键问题。随着微电子技术与MEMS技术的发展，采用微制造技术加工的微能源在体积、能量供给密度以及使用周期，相对传统电池具有明显的优势，这为解决无线传感网络节点的能量供给问题开辟了新思路。针对无线传感网络节点的应用环境复杂、分布区域广以及能量供给周期长等应用要求，本文在微型同位素核电池的基础上，设计了两种基于同位素的复合能量收集器，并对器件进行了分析研究。 首先，本文根据同位素衰变过. ; Wireless sensor networks play an important role in the area of military, industrial, architecture, and so on. The nodes of wireless sensor networks need the suitable batteries with the characteristic of micro-size, high power density, long-life and performance stability. The traditional batteries are unble to satisfy these requitments. Therefore solving energy supplying of the nodes is very impoat. ; 学位：工学硕士 ; 院系专业：物理与机电工程学院机电工程系_机械电子工程 ; 学号：19920071151150

城市可持续发展问题是现阶段美国城市化进程中面临的巨大挑战与重要议题。uSES(城市可持续发展推广服务)是针对该问题而开展的项目,它与美国历史上的“推广服务“和“服务型学习“事件渊源颇深。通过审视美国四所高校对uSES项目的实践,不仅可以明晰美国高校在现阶段城市化进程中的角色,而且可以从整体上把握现阶段美国城市化进程中的高等教育服务体系构建情况。研究发现,高校扮演着“温床“与“催化剂“的角色;高等教育服务体系包括社区管理与咨询服务、课程开发与培训服务、项目研发与推广服务。 ; Urban sustainability is one of the most important challenges and issues in the process of American urbanization.USES is a program proposed to solve this problem.It is connected with the "Extension Service" and the "Service Learning" activities, which happened in the American history.Through reviewing the practices of four universities and colleges in America, we can clarify the roles of higher education institutions in the USES program and the overall condition of the higher education service system.Universities and colleges serve as "seed beds" and "catalyst" in the USES program.The higher education service system consists of three parts, which are the service of management and consultation, the service of curricula and training, and the service of research and extension.

印尼是传统的能源大国,油气煤炭及非传统能源储量非常丰富。近年来,随着能源可采储量的枯竭,印尼能源行业供给渠道不稳定,资源禀赋与资源开发地区不平衡以及人口环境压力等问题日益凸显,能源供不应求逐渐成为制约印尼经济发展的一大瓶颈。为此,印尼政府积极采取措施,在提高国内传统能源利用率的同时,积极引入国际合作,开发利用新能源。 ; Indonesia is a traditional energy power with rich reserves of oil,gas,coal and non-conventional energy sources.However,in recent years,with energy depletion of recoverable reserves and instability of the energy supply channels,the resource endowment and resource development tend to be imbalances,population and environment pressure has become increasingly prominent and the energy shortage has became a major bottleneck for economic development in Indonesia.Therefore,Indonesian government takes active measures to improve traditional energy efficiency,to introduce international cooperation actively and make efforts to strengthen the development and utilization of new energy.

DevelopingwindpowerisoneofthemostimportantenergystrategiesinChina.Inthispaper,theoverviewofwindpoweruseinChinahasgenerallyintroducedfirstly.Thentheresearchsituationofwindturbinesandtheircomponentsareparticularlydiscussed.Theobstacleofwindpowerdevelopmentarealsoanalyzed,somesuggestionshavebeengivenlater.