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Abstract Inclusive J/ψ production is studied in minimum-bias proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of $$ \sqrt{s} $$ s = 5.02 TeV by ALICE at the CERN LHC. The measurement is performed at mid-rapidity (|y| < 0.9) in the dielectron decay channel down to zero transverse momentum p T, using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of L int = 19.4 ± 0.4 nb −1. The measured p T-integrated inclusive J/ψ production cross sec- tion is dσ/dy = 5.64 ± 0.22(stat.) ± 0.33(syst.) ± 0.12(lumi.) μb. The p T-differential cross section d2 σ/dp Tdy is measured in the p T range 0–10 GeV/c and compared with state-of- the-art QCD calculations. The J/ψ 〈p T〉 and $$ \left\langle {p}_{\mathrm{T}}^2\right\rangle $$ p T 2 are extracted and compared with results obtained at other collision energies.

Cyanobacteria are common members of the freshwater microbiota in lakes and drinking water reservoirs, and are responsible for several cases of human intoxications in Brazil. Pseudanabaena galeata and Geitlerinema splendidum are examples of the toxic species that are very frequently found in reservoirs in Sao Paulo, which is the most densely populated area in Brazil. In the search for toxic strains collected from water reservoirs and maintained in the Cyanobacterial Culture Collection (CCIBt) of the Institute of Botany of Brazil, the acetic acid extracts (AE) of P. galeata CCIBt 3082 and G. splendidum CCIBt 3223 were analyzed by planar chromatography, which indicated the absence of cyanotoxins. Animal tests were then carried out, and both extracts were found to induce toxic effects in mice when administered intraperitoneally. The present study aimed to investigate whether the oral ingestion of the above mentioned cyanobacteria extracts would also induce toxic effects in mice. Necropsy and histopathological studies were conducted using tissue samples from the animals, which were euthanized one week after the administration of the extracts. The AE of P. galeata did not cause death but did induce transient symptoms, including eyebrow ptosis, straub tail, and pain. The euthanized animals presented hemorrhage in the liver, whereas the histological analysis showed disorganization of the hepatic parenchyma, necrosis, hyperemia, and proximity of the centrilobular vein in the liver. In addition, alterations in the convoluted tubules of the kidneys were observed, and the lungs were unaffected. The AE of G. splendidum caused only one death, and induced transient symptoms, such as dyspnea, paralysis, and pain, in the other mice. The necropsy of the euthanized mice showed hemorrhage in the lungs and liver. The lungs presented hemorrhagic focuses, alveolar collapse, and granulomatous foci. The liver presented hemorrhagic and enlarged sinusoids, hyperemia, proximity of the centrilobular vein, and disorganization of the hepatic parenchyma. Some areas also exhibited an inflammatory infiltrate and calcified tissue inside blood vessels. Necrosis and rupture of the convoluted tubule cells were observed in the kidneys. Further analysis of the both extracts indicated the lack of hemolytic activity, and the presence of two unknown anti-AChE substances in the AE of G. splendidum. Thus, P. galeata and G. splendidum are producers of novel toxins that affect mammals when administered orally.

This repository contains the data associated with the paper Tedersoo et al. (2022) Global patterns in endemicity and vulnerability of soil fungi // Global Change Biology. DOI:10.1111/gcb.16398 Fungi are highly diverse organisms and provide a wealth of ecosystem functions. However, distribution patterns and conservation needs of fungi have been very little explored compared to charismatic animals and plants. Here we assess endemicity patterns, global change vulnerability and conservation priority areas for functional groups of soil fungi based on six global surveys using a high-resolution, long-read metabarcoding approach. Endemicity of all fungi and most functional groups peaks in tropical habitats, including Amazonia, Yucatan, West-Central Africa, Sri Lanka and New Caledonia, with a negligible island effect compared with plants and animals. We also found that fungi are vulnerable mostly to drought, heat and land cover change, particularly in dry tropical regions with high human population density. Fungal conservation areas of highest priority include herbaceous wetlands, tropical forests and woodlands. We suggest that there should be more attention focused on the conservation of fungi, especially tropical root symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal and ectomycorrhizal fungi, unicellular early-diverging groups and macrofungi in general. Given the low overlap between endemicity of fungi and macroorganisms, but high matching in conservation needs, detailed analyses on distribution and conservation requirements are warranted for other microorganisms and soil organisms in general. This repository contains the following data associated with the publication: Supplementary tables S1 - S6 (`Tables_S1-S6.xlsx`): - Table S1. Definition of ecoregions and assignment of samples to ecoregions - Table S2. GSMc dataset used for endemicity analyses - Table S3. Dataset used for modeling endemicity values - Table S4. Dataset used for calculating and mapping vulnerability scores - Table S5. Dataset used for calculating and mapping conservation value - Table S6. Additional funding sources by authors OTU distribution by samples and ecoregions (`Data_taxon_assignment_to ecoregions.xlsx`) Gridded maps: Conservation priorities for all fungi and fungal groups - ConservationPriority_AllFungi.tif - ConservationPriority_AM.tif - ConservationPriority_EcM.tif - ConservationPriority_Moulds.tif - ConservationPriority_NonEcMAgaricomycetes.tif - ConservationPriority_OHPs.tif - ConservationPriority_Pathogens.tif - ConservationPriority_Unicellular.tif - ConservationPriority_Yeasts.tif The average vulnerability of all fungi and fungal groups and the model uncertainty estimates - AverageVulnerability_AllFungi.tif - AverageVulnerability_AM.tif - AverageVulnerability_EcM.tif - AverageVulnerability_Moulds.tif - AverageVulnerability_NonEcMAgaricomycetes.tif - AverageVulnerability_OHPs.tif - AverageVulnerability_Pathogens.tif - AverageVulnerabilityUncertainty_AllFungi.tif - AverageVulnerabilityUncertainty_AM.tif - AverageVulnerabilityUncertainty_EcM.tif - AverageVulnerabilityUncertainty_Moulds.tif - AverageVulnerabilityUncertainty_NonEcMAgaricomycetes.tif - AverageVulnerabilityUncertainty_OHPs.tif - AverageVulnerabilityUncertainty_Pathogens.tif - AverageVulnerabilityUncertainty_Unicellular.tif - AverageVulnerabilityUncertainty_Yeasts.tif - AverageVulnerability_Unicellular.tif - AverageVulnerability_Yeasts.tif The relative importance of predicted vulnerability of all fungi - RelativeImportanceOfVulnerability_AllFungi.tif Vulnerability to drought, heat, and land cover change for all fungi - Vulnerability_AllFungi_Heat-Drought-LandCoverChange.tif - VulnerabilityUncertainty_AllFungi_Heat-Drought-LandCoverChange.tif Human footprint index based on the Land-Use Harmonisation (LUH2; Hurtt et al., 2020, doi:10.5194/gmd-13-5425-2020) - `LandCoverChange_1960-2015.tif` MD5 checksums for all files (`MD5.md5`) Fungal groups: - AM, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (including all Glomeromycota but excluding all Endogonomycetes) - EcM, ectomycorrhizal fungi (excluding dubious lineages) - NonEcMAgaricomycetes, non-EcM Agaricomycetes (mostly saprotrophic fungi with usually macroscopic fruiting bodies) - Moulds (including Mortierellales, Mucorales, Umbelopsidales and Aspergillaceae and Trichocomaceae of Eurotiales and Trichoderma of Hypocreales) - Putative pathogens (including plant, animal and fungal pathogens as primary or secondary lifestyles) - OHPs, opportunistic human parasites (excluding Mortierellales) - Yeasts (excluding dimorphic yeasts) - Unicellular, other unicellular (non-yeast) fungi (including chytrids, aphids, rozellids and other early-diverging fungal lineages) Detailed processing steps can be found here: https://github.com/Mycology-Microbiology-Center/Fungal_Endemicity_and_Vulnerability This repository contains the data associated with the paper Tedersoo et al. (2022) Global patterns in endemicity and vulnerability of soil fungi // Global Change Biology. DOI:10.1111/gcb.16398 Fungi are highly diverse organisms and provide a wealth of ecosystem functions. However, distribution patterns and conservation needs of fungi have been very little explored compared to charismatic animals and plants. Here we assess endemicity patterns, global change vulnerability and conservation priority areas for functional groups of soil fungi based on six global surveys using a high-resolution, long-read metabarcoding approach. Endemicity of all fungi and most functional groups peaks in tropical habitats, including Amazonia, Yucatan, West-Central Africa, Sri Lanka and New Caledonia, with a negligible island effect compared with plants and animals. We also found that fungi are vulnerable mostly to drought, heat and land cover change, particularly in dry tropical regions with high human population density. Fungal conservation areas of highest priority include herbaceous wetlands, tropical forests and woodlands. We suggest that there should be more attention focused on the conservation of fungi, especially tropical root symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal and ectomycorrhizal fungi, unicellular early-diverging groups and macrofungi in general. Given the low overlap between endemicity of fungi and macroorganisms, but high matching in conservation needs, detailed analyses on distribution and conservation requirements are warranted for other microorganisms and soil organisms in general.

In this study, the spatial and temporal patterns of the land cover were monitored within the Qazaly irrigation zone located in the deltaic zone of the Syrdarya river in the surroundings of the former Aral Sea. A 16-day MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) Aqua NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) data product with a spatial resolution of 250 meters was used for this purpose, covering the period between 2003 and 2018. Field survey results obtained in 2018 were used to build a sample dataset. The random forests supervised classification machine learning algorithm was used to map land cover, which produced good results with an overall accuracy of about 0.8. Statistics on land cover change were calculated and analyzed. The correctness of obtained classes was checked with Landsat 8 (OLI, The Operational Land Imager) images. Detailed land cover maps, including rice cropland, were derived. During the observation period, the rice croplands increased, while the generally irrigated area decreased.

We present the charged-particle pseudorapidity density in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=5.02\,\mathrm{Te\kern-.25exV}$ in centrality classes measured by ALICE. The measurement covers a wide pseudorapidity range from $-3.5$ to $5$, which is sufficient for reliable estimates of the total number of charged particles produced in the collisions. For the most central (0-5%) collisions we find $21\,400\pm 1\,300$ while for the most peripheral (80-90%) we find $230\pm 38$. This corresponds to an increase of $(27\pm4)\%$ over the results at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=2.76\,\mathrm{Te\kern-.25exV}$ previously reported by ALICE. The energy dependence of the total number of charged particles produced in heavy-ion collisions is found to obey a modified power-law like behaviour. The charged-particle pseudorapidity density of the most central collisions is compared to model calculations --- none of which fully describes the measured distribution. We also present an estimate of the rapidity density of charged particles. The width of that distribution is found to exhibit a remarkable proportionality to the beam rapidity, independent of the collision energy from the top SPS to LHC energies. 18 pages, 6 captioned figures, authors from page 13, published version, figures at http://aliceinfo.cern.ch/ArtSubmission/node/3337