• Energy Research
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Thermochemical systems for energy conversion are just at the interface between chemical and thermal engineering because the final aim is a transformation of energy, while the specific tool is a thermally driven chemical reaction. Designing the efficient systems calls for appropriate choice of chemical process, comprehensive analysis of its thermodynamics and kinetics, intensification of heat and mass transfer, intelligent integration of components into overall heat device, etc. This paper reviews the joint activity of the six institutes from the four countries on applying chemical reactions in modern devices for production of cold, which are driven by solar heat.

En esta publicación se ha empleado el procedimiento sol-gel con el fin de elaborar capas de TiO2 en sustratos de ITO mediante la inmersión denominada "Dip-Coating". Se emplearon técnicas de caracterización XRD, espectroscopia Raman, AFM, UV-Vis y espectroscopia elipsométrica, que evaluaron las consecuencias del espesor de la película en las propiedades microestructurales, morfológicas y ópticas, así como su función como capa transportadora de electrones para células solares planas de perovskita (PSC). En todos los casos, se obtuvieron películas de Anatasa TiO2 bien cristalizadas con una superficie lisa y homogénea. La banda prohibida óptica de las películas aumentó de 3.25 eV a 3.4 eV al aumentar el espesor de la película de 50 nm a 90 nm. En cambio, el índice de refracción (n) alcanza un valor de 2 por encima de 400 nm, mientras que los coeficientes de extinción (k) descienden a cero. Los resultados revelaron una mejora en el transporte de carga y el comportamiento de extracción de electrones mediante la capa de TiO2 de 50 nm, así como un aumento en la eficiencia de conversión de energía del dispositivo. El resultado indica que es posible usar el método de recubrimiento por inmersión para la elaboración de una célula solar de perovskita plana eficiente. También sugiere usar un espesor optimizado de 50 nm para optimizar el rendimiento del dispositivo.

Building a climate-ready adaptation society is an urgent question that cannot be postponed. Along the path towards an increase in climate resilience, a stimulating role is played by EU projects as well as by international climate networks such as the Covenant of Mayors Initiative on Climate Change Adaptation (Mayors Adapt), launched in 2014, and the new Covenant of Mayors for Climate and Energy which "pledge to reduce CO2 emissions by at least 40% by 2030 and to adopt an integrated approach to tackling mitigation and adaptation to climate change". These initiatives stimulate engagement and networking among cities and raise public awareness encouraging policy makers to take action to adapt to climate change. Adaptation operates at different spatial and societal scales. Accordingly, the development of climate change adaptation strategies requires a holistic and multi-perspective approach with scale-specific studies. This paper provides an overview of adaptation initiatives undertaken in 11 South East European countries participating in the SEE OrientGate project, with reference to the policies and measures promoted by the EU and implemented at national level. In particular, a cross-sectoral policy analysis is performed and an inclusive representation of measures and policies undertaken by countries with an interdisciplinary approach is provided. The analysis of the country measures reveals that unless national governments and local communities are concerned with the impacts of climate change only few of the countries included in the analysis have developed a comprehensive National Adaptation Strategy and a National Action Plans. Nevertheless, almost all the countries have undertaken adaptation actions across sectors. Although these actions have only partially generated a full commitment towards climate adaptation, they attest an increasing awareness as well as a high involvement of national and local authorities that will boost cooperation among stakeholders to find out innovative solutions to strengthen society and protect the environment.