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分析了坛紫菜叶状体细胞对甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、1, 3 丙二醇等4种有机溶剂的敏感性.结果表明:体细胞对1, 3 丙二醇敏感,在实验最低剂量(0. 2μL/mL)下对紫菜体细胞就表现出较强的致死作用;对甲醇有较强的耐受性,在最高的1. 0μL/mL处理浓度组,生长发育状况与对照组无明显差别;乙醇在浓度高于0. 6μL/mL时强烈抑制体细胞的分裂;异丙醇随着浓度的升高表现出使体细胞向细胞团方向分化,而叶状体的形成则受到抑制.本实验结果表明,在用外源化合物处理紫菜叶状体细胞时,甲醇在1. 0μL/mL浓度范围内可作为合适的有机溶剂. ; The paper reported sensitivity test of thallus cells of Porphyra haitanensis to four common used organic solvents,methanol,ethanol,isopropanol,and 1,3-propanediol.Protoplasts of Porphyra haitanensis were prepared by sea snail enzyme digestion,and treated with organic solvents which the concentration gradient was 0.2 μL/mL,0.4 μL/mL,0.6 μL/mL,0.8 μL/mL,1.0 μL/mL dissolved in culture solution.The morphological differentiation of the cells treated with different organic solvents was observed with microscope and the survival rate of thallus cells was sampled every three days for 15 days.The data were analyzed with “SPSS 11.0” program.The result showed that in the lowest dose (0.2 μL/mL),1,3-propylene glycol was lethal to the thallus cells;however,the thallus cells showed intensively tolerant to methanol even in the highest dose (1.0 μL/mL).It was shown that division of somatic cell was obviously inhibited by ethanol when the concentration was 0.6 μL/mL.Differentiation of somatic cell was restrained more strongly with raising dose of isopropanol.It is suggested that methanol can be the appropriate organic solvent in the dose less than (1.0) μL/mL when thallus cells of Porphyra haitanensis were treated with chemical substances such as antibiotics or phytohormone. ; 国家 863课题(2002AA603023);; 福建省科学技术厅重大项目(2001Z017)资助

伴随着城镇建设，高楼大厦不断涌现，电梯数量急剧增加，电梯能耗越来越受到公众的关注。目前，电梯能效测试方法与评定标准的研究还处于探索阶段。能耗的影响因素分析不深入，电梯能耗的算法不精准，能效测量及评价的方法和标准不统一。至今还未出台有关电梯能耗的检测方法和能效评定的国家标准。我国也出台了相关规定和政策，鼓励电梯节能技术的研究、开发、推广。因此建立一套合理、科学的电梯能耗检测方法和能效评定标准成为目前函待解决的问题之一。 本文结合曳引式电梯工作原理，研究了曳引形式、驱动方式、平衡系数、速度、加速度、行程、载荷等参数对曳引电梯能耗的影响及程度，对比分析了国内外曳引式电梯采用的各种能效评价指标、能耗. ; With the construction of urban high-rise buildings, high-rise buildings continue to emerge, the number of elevators increases dramatically, development and promotion. At present, the research of elevator energy efficiency testing method and evaluation standard is still in the exploratory stage. The analysis of the influencing factors of energy consumption is not in-depth, the algorithm of elevator. ; 学位：工程硕士 ; 院系专业：航空航天学院_工程硕士(控制工程) ; 学号：X2009223025

本文介绍了《弹性城市——应对石油紧缺与气候变化》一书中所提出的四种城市模型,并针对城市如何应对能源短缺和全球变暖等危机和问题讨论了弹性城市的要素。与此同时根据本文作者的译后感,对“弹性城市“这一概念作了新的诠释。最后,结合我国国情和中国的城市发展现状与特点,论述了《弹性城市——应对石油紧缺与气候变化》一书对我国城市发展的借鉴意义,并阐述了弹性城市发展战略的必要性和重要性。 ; This article addresses that it is very useful to consider the book Resilient Cities: Responding to Peak Oil and Climate Change as an important reference for urban developments in China.It also discusses how cities of China should respond to the energy shortage and global warming.Meanwhile, based on the understandings in the process of translation, the new concept of"resilient city"is also addressed.Combining with the status and characteristics of China's cities' developments, this article concludes the necessity and importance of resilient cities strategies in China.

于2004年9月~2005年11月通过定点逐月采样调查,研究厦门西海域微型浮游动物的丰度、生物量及其生产力的季节变动特征.结果表明:微型浮游动物群体总丰度在3310-21725 Ind/l间变动,于2、5和8月分别有一个峰值,对总丰度贡献较大的主要是红色中缢虫(MESOdInIuM rubruM)、无壳纤毛虫和砂壳纤毛虫,各类群丰度的季节变动表现出一定的差异.红色中缢虫的丰度为225~14062Ind/l,没有明显的季节性,一般在2000Ind/l以上;异养甲藻-螺旋环沟藻(gyrOdInIuM SPIrAlE)在0~2875Ind/l之间变动,多数月份低于300 Ind/l,3月出现最大值;无壳纤毛虫在1570~8 512 Ind/l之间变动,全年保持着较高的丰度,于2、5和9月均可形成峰值;无节幼体和砂壳纤毛虫变动范围分别为0~1063 Ind/l和162~9625 Ind/l,数量变动与水温的季节变化较为密切,在水温大于20℃的5~11月,有较高的丰度.微型浮游动物生物量在10.86~111.65μg/l之间变动,由于曳尾虫(TOnTOnIA)、螺体虫(lAbOEA)及砂壳纤毛虫的大量出现,生物量高值集中在相应的5~10月,5月出现最大值.微型浮游动物总生产力的变动范围为7.01~141.64μg/(l.d),在5~10月生产力相对较高.据估算,微型浮游动物对浮游植物现存量的日摄食压力可达6%~267%. ; Seasonal varaitions in abundance,biomass and production rates of microzooplankton were investigated in the Stn Baozhu waters at west of Xiamen waters monthly from September 2004 to November 2005.The total abundance of microzooplankton was in the range of 3 310～21 725 ind/L,mainly composed of Mesodinium rubrum,aloricate ciliates and loricate ciliates,with the peak appearing in February,May and August.Mesodinium rubrum occurred on no distinct seasonal pattern,varied from 225 ind/L to 14 062 ind/L,generally more than 2 000 ind/L.The heterotrophic dinoflagellates(Gyrodinium spirale) varied from 0 to 2 875 ind/L,with the peak in March,generally less than 300 ind/L.Aloricate ciliates varied from 1 570 to 8 512 ind/L,having high abundance during the whole year,with the peak in February,May and September 2005.The abundance variations of nauplii and loricate ciliates closely associated to seasonal variations of the water temperature,varied from 0 ind/L to 1 063 ind /L and from 162 ind/L to 9 625 ind/L,respectively, with relative higher abundance between May and November when above 20℃in water temperature.There was remarkable seasonal variations in biomass of microzooplankton,with the higher between May and October duo to the peak appearing of Tontonia sp.,Laboea sp.and loricate ciliates.Estimated production rates of microzooplankton ranged from 7.01μg/(L·d) to 141.64μg/(L·d),also with the higher between May and October.The estimating grazing impact as expressed by daily removal of phytoplankton biomass also demonstrated a seasonal pattern and ranged from 6%to 267%removal day. ; 国家自然科学基金(40331004;40730846);教育部新世纪优秀人才培养计划

灾难性的气候变化问题已跨越国界，使全人类的生存与发展面临共同危机，但国际社会却欠缺强有力的国际协定有效应对气候变化问题。出于对碳泄漏与产业竞争力减损等问题的困扰，以欧盟和美国为代表的若干国家自行采取单边措施以维系公平竞争，间接迫使发展中国家承担减排责任，碳关税措施正是上述政治经济利益交织的产物，其兼具环境保护的合理性和贸易保护主义的色彩。本文以碳关税措施与WTO规则的相容性为视角，分析在全球变暖的大背景下WTO规则所受到的冲击，并对改革现有体制的缺陷提出立法建议。 本文第一章以气候变化与贸易自由化的相互作用与影响为切入点，指出国际贸易活动尽管受到气候变化的冲击，却是解决该问题的重要途径之一。. ; Catastrophic global warming has put forward an austere challenge to the survival and development of mankind, but the international community still lacks a strong and effective international agreement to address climate change. Considering the carbon leakage problem and the loss of industrial competitiveness, the European Union and the United States, as representatives of the developed countries, a. ; 学位：法学硕士 ; 院系专业：法学院_国际法学(含国际公法、国际私法、国际经济法) ; 学号：13620111150193

应用电位扫描法将Pd(II)离子沉积到玻碳电极表面,形成纳米结构的金属钯薄膜电极.然后在酸性溶液中控制适当的阴极电位,使该薄膜电极的钯吸收足量的活性氢,进而以吸收的氢作还原剂将Au(III)离子还原,制得Au-Pd双金属薄膜电极.扫描电镜、循环伏安法等测试表明,该电极Au-Pd沉积层对乙醇的氧化具有很高的电催化活性. ; The nanostructured Pd thin films were directly formed on the glassy carbon electrode(GCE) substrates by using potential cycling method.The as-prepared Pd thin films deposited onto the GCE were able to absorb enough amount of hydrogen in acidic solutions at the cathodic potentials more negative than the hydrogen evolution potential.Moreover,the absorbed hydrogen could be used as the reducing agent to reduce gold(III) ions to Au nanoclusters,thereby forming bimetallic Au-Pd thin films on the GCE substrate.SEM and cyclic voltammetry characterization demonstrated that the Au-Pd thin films display much higher catalytic activity towards the electro-oxidation of ethanol than the pure Pd thin films. ; 作者联系地址：山东大学化学与化工学院,山东大学化学与化工学院,山东大学化学与化工学院,山东大学化学与化工学院 山东济南250100,山东济南250100,山东济南250100,山东济南250100 ; Author's Address: School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Shandong University,Jinan 250100,Shandong,China

海湾是海洋资源的富集区，是海水增养殖、发展海洋产业的基地。海湾对港口城市的发展也具有强劲带动作用。近年来，随着海湾地区的快速城市化，海湾的生产功能与服务功能发生重要改变。通过对海湾生态系统生物群落结构和能流特征进行分析，我们可以更全面地了解海湾生态系统状况，并对海湾生态系统健康程度进行评价。本研究根据2010年春季和夏季对铁山港及其邻近海域生物与生态补充调查的数据和历史调查资料，应用生态通道模型，量化分析了铁山港及其邻近海域生态系统的生物群落结构和能量流动特征。模型由海鸟、底栖动物、浮游动物、水母、浮游植物、有机碎屑等15个功能组构成，基本涵盖了铁山港及其邻近海域生态系统的主要能量流动过程。 . ; Bay area concentrated by marine resources serves as a base for seawater aquiculture, ocean resources exploitation and ocean industrial development. Its existence is the key of development of coastal cities with a strong leading role. Great changes have taken place in bay’s production function and service function with the rapid urbanization of the bay regions in recent years. More comprehensive . ; 学位：理学硕士 ; 院系专业：海洋与环境学院海洋学系_海洋生物学 ; 学号：22420091151141

随着人类社会的快速发展和传统能源的急剧消耗，能源紧缺和环境污染已经成为制约人类社会可持续发展的重要因素，构建清洁的环境友好的可再生新能源体系是当前各国高度关注的焦点和重大战略.在众多绿色环保、可持续新能源选项中，半导体光催化制氢因其可利用清洁可再生的太阳能制取高效清洁氢能，有望完全解决能源紧缺和环境污染问题，成为最有应用前景的技术之一. 本文通过概述半导体光催化制氢原理、半导体光电化学及光电稳定性、半导体光催化制氢效率，重点介绍半导体光催化剂、光生电荷分离及光催化制氢体系等方面若干新进展，并对太阳能光催化制氢技术的发展加以评述和展望. ; With the rapid development of human society and dramatically consumption of traditional energy, energy shortage and environmental pollution have become an important factor restricting the sustainable development of human society. At present, the development of clean and environmentally friendly renewable energy system has drawn much attention and becomes an important priority stratagem in the world. In many green and sustainable new energy projects, semiconductor-based photocatalytic hydrogen production technology which utilizes the available clean and renewable solar energy to prepare clean hydrogen energy is excepted to solve the crisis of energy shortage and environmental pollution, has become one of the most promising applied technology for the world. This paper reviews briefly semiconductor-based photocatalytic hydrogen production technology by introducing principles of photocatalytic water splitting, photoelectrochemistry of semiconductors and semiconductor electrode stability and photocatalytic hydrogen production efficiency. Some recent advances in semiconductor photocatalyst, photogenerated charge separation and photocatalytic hydrogen production system are highlighted. The existing problems and further development in this field are also proposed. The development of solar photocatalytic hydrogen production technology is commented and prospected. ; 国家自然科学基金项目（No. 21621091）和福建省自然科学基金（No.2017J01023）资助 ; 作者联系地址：固体表面物理化学国家重点实验室, 厦门大学化学化工学院化学系， 福建 厦门 361005 ; Author's Address: State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China ; 通讯作者E-mail：cjlin@xmu.edu.cn, sunlan@xmu.edu.cn

气候变化使图瓦卢陷入前所未有的困境。现行国际法无法解决图瓦卢面临的难题,其局限性主要体现在国家责任制度方面。“私法的类推“、“代际公平“等法律方法的提出对问题的解决大有裨益。然而,气候变化问题的复杂性使得单纯依靠法律方法无法解决全部问题,政治方法也十分重要。“绿色气候基金“这一政治安排给图瓦卢带来了一线希望。图瓦卢的出路在于法律方法和政治方法双管齐下。 ; Tuvalu has been plunged into the greatest plight by global warming.International law at present, whose drawback is mainly embodied in the state responsibility regime, can not tackle Tuvalu’s problem.New approaches such as analogy of private law and intergenerational equity, help a lot to solve the problem.However, because of the complexity of the climate change, the problem can not be solved completely only depending on the law approach.The political approach is also important.Green climate fund, a political arrangement, is a hopeful solution for Tuvalu.In a word, Tuvalu should depend on law approach as well as political approach to get out of the trouble.