• Energy Research
• US close
• ES close
• CN close
• English close

The main emphasis of the INTOR first wall/blanket/shield (FWBS) during this period has been upon the tritium breeding issues. The objective is to develop a FWBS concept which produces the tritium requirement for INTOR operation and uses a small fraction of the first wall surface area. The FWBS is constrained by the dimensions of the reference design and the protection criteria required for different reactor components. The blanket extrapolation to commercial power reactor conditions and the proper temperature for power extraction have been sacrificed to achieve the highest possible local tritium breeding ratio (TBR). In addition, several other factors that have been considered in the blanket survey study include safety, reliability, lifetime fluence, number of burn cycles, simplicity, cost, and development issues. The implications of different tritium supply scenarios were discussed from the cost and availability for INTOR conditions. A wide variety of blanket options was explored in a preliminary way to determine feasibility and to see if they can satisfy the INTOR conditions. This survey and related issues are summarized in this report. Also discussed are material design requirements, thermal hydraulic considerations, structure analyses, tritium permeation through the first wall into the coolant, and tritium inventory.

The main emphasis of the INTOR first wall/blanket/shield (FWBS) during this period has been upon the tritium breeding issues. The objective is to develop a FWBS concept which produces the tritium requirement for INTOR operation and uses a small fraction of the first wall surface area. The FWBS is constrained by the dimensions of the reference design and the protection criteria required for different reactor components. The blanket extrapolation to commercial power reactor conditions and the proper temperature for power extraction have been sacrificed to achieve the highest possible local tritium breeding ratio (TBR). In addition, several other factors that have been considered in the blanket survey study include safety, reliability, lifetime fluence, number of burn cycles, simplicity, cost, and development issues. The implications of different tritium supply scenarios were discussed from the cost and availability for INTOR conditions. A wide variety of blanket options was explored in a preliminary way to determine feasibility and to see if they can satisfy the INTOR conditions. This survey and related issues are summarized in this report. Also discussed are material design requirements, thermal hydraulic considerations, structure analyses, tritium permeation through the first wall into the coolant, and tritium inventory.

The Greenland Ice Sheet, which extends south of the Arctic Circle, is vulnerable to melt in a warming climate. Complete melt of the ice sheet would raise global sea level by about 7 meters. Prediction of how the ice sheet will react to climate change requires inputs with a high degree of spatial resolution and improved simulation of the ice-dynamical responses to evolving surface mass balance. No Greenland Ice Sheet model has yet met these requirements.A three-dimensional thermo-mechanical ice sheet model of Greenland was enhanced to address these challenges. First, it was modified to accept high-resolution surface mass balance forcings. Second, a parameterization for basal drainage (of the sort responsible for sustaining the Northeast Greenland Ice Stream) was incorporated into the model. The enhanced model was used to investigate the century to millennial-scale evolution of the Greenland Ice Sheet in response to persistent climate trends. During initial experiments, the mechanism of flow in the outlet glaciers was assumed to be independent of climate change, and the outlet glaciers' dominant behavior was to counteract changes in surface mass balance. Around much of the ice sheet, warming resulted in calving front retreat and reduction of total ice sheet discharge. Observations show, however, that the character of outlet glacier flow changes with the climate. The ice sheet model was further developed to simulate observed dynamical responses of Greenland's outlet glaciers. A phenomenological description of the relation between outlet glacier discharge and surface mass balance was calibrated against recent observations. This model was used to investigate the ice sheet's response to a hypothesized 21st century warming trend. Enhanced discharge accounted for a 60% increase in Greenland mass loss, resulting in a net sea level increment of 7.3 cm by year 2100. By this time, the average surface mass balance had become negative, and widespread marginal thinning had caused 30% of historically active calving fronts to retreat. Mass losses persisted throughout the century due to flow of dynamically responsive outlets capable of sustaining high calving rates. Thinning in these areas propagated upstream into higher elevation catchments. Large drainage basins with low-lying outlets, especially those along Greenland's west coast and those fed by the Northeast Greenland Ice Stream, were most susceptible to dynamic mass loss in the 21st century

The Greenland Ice Sheet, which extends south of the Arctic Circle, is vulnerable to melt in a warming climate. Complete melt of the ice sheet would raise global sea level by about 7 meters. Prediction of how the ice sheet will react to climate change requires inputs with a high degree of spatial resolution and improved simulation of the ice-dynamical responses to evolving surface mass balance. No Greenland Ice Sheet model has yet met these requirements.A three-dimensional thermo-mechanical ice sheet model of Greenland was enhanced to address these challenges. First, it was modified to accept high-resolution surface mass balance forcings. Second, a parameterization for basal drainage (of the sort responsible for sustaining the Northeast Greenland Ice Stream) was incorporated into the model. The enhanced model was used to investigate the century to millennial-scale evolution of the Greenland Ice Sheet in response to persistent climate trends. During initial experiments, the mechanism of flow in the outlet glaciers was assumed to be independent of climate change, and the outlet glaciers' dominant behavior was to counteract changes in surface mass balance. Around much of the ice sheet, warming resulted in calving front retreat and reduction of total ice sheet discharge. Observations show, however, that the character of outlet glacier flow changes with the climate. The ice sheet model was further developed to simulate observed dynamical responses of Greenland's outlet glaciers. A phenomenological description of the relation between outlet glacier discharge and surface mass balance was calibrated against recent observations. This model was used to investigate the ice sheet's response to a hypothesized 21st century warming trend. Enhanced discharge accounted for a 60% increase in Greenland mass loss, resulting in a net sea level increment of 7.3 cm by year 2100. By this time, the average surface mass balance had become negative, and widespread marginal thinning had caused 30% of historically active calving fronts to retreat. Mass losses persisted throughout the century due to flow of dynamically responsive outlets capable of sustaining high calving rates. Thinning in these areas propagated upstream into higher elevation catchments. Large drainage basins with low-lying outlets, especially those along Greenland's west coast and those fed by the Northeast Greenland Ice Stream, were most susceptible to dynamic mass loss in the 21st century

Includes bibliographical references. ; Mode of access: Internet.

Includes bibliographical references. ; Mode of access: Internet.

"June 1994"--T.p. verso. ; Cover title. ; Includes bibliographical references. ; Mode of access: Internet.

"June 1994"--T.p. verso. ; Cover title. ; Includes bibliographical references. ; Mode of access: Internet.

Rosana G. Moreira, Editor-in-Chief; Texas A&M University ; TECHNICAL ARTICLES: (1) P. Bruscoli, E. Bresci and F. Preti. Diagnostic Analysis of an Irrigation System in the Andes Region. Vol. III, February 2001. (2) T. Fischer, M. Gaderer, P. Lamp, W. Schoelkopf, and R. Ziegler. Processes and Economics for Energetic Use of Cotton Plant Residues. Vol. III, February 2001. (3) B. G. Kakou, H. Shimizu and S. Nishimura. Residual Strength of Colluvium and Stability Analysis of Farmland slope. Vol. III, March 2001. (4) P. N. Rodrigues, L. S. Pereira, A. Zairi, H. El Amami, H. A. Slatni, J. L. Teixeira, and T. Machado. Deficit Irrigation of Cereals and Horticultural Crops: Simulation of Strategies to Cope with Droughts. Vol. III, March 2001. (5) H. El Amami, A. Zairi, L. S. Pereira, T. Machado, A. Slatni, and P. Rodrigues. Deficit Irrigation of Cereals and Horticultural Crops: Economic Analysis. Vol. III, March 2001. (6) T. Tomson and A. Nova. Geographically Dispersed Wind Turbines on the West-Estonian Coast. Vol. III, April 2001. (7) L. Wiset, G. Srzednicki, R. Driscoll, C. Nimmuntavin, and P. Siwapornak. Effects of High Temperature Drying on Rice Quality. Vol. III, May 2001. (8) M. Horynski. The Effects of Field Intensity and Pneumatic Pressure on the Dielectric Constant of Rye Kernels. Vol. III, May 2001. (9) S. Lynikiene. Carrot Seed Preparation in a Corona Discharge Field. Vol. III, July 2001. (10) V. Anbumozhi, K. Matsumoto, and E. Yamaji. Sustaining Agriculture through Modernization of Irrigation Tanks: An Opportunity and a Challenge for Tamilnadu, India. Vol. III, August 2001. (11) A. Munack, O. Schroeder, J. Krahl, and J. Buenger. Comparison of Relevant Exhaust Gas Emissions from Biodiesel and Fossil Diesel Fuel. Vol. III, August 2001. (12) K. Maertens, M. Reyniers, and J. De Baerdemaeker. Design of a Dynamic Grain Flow Model for a Combine Harvester. Vol. III, September 2001. (13) D. Shitanda, Y. Nishiyama, and S. Koide. Performance Analysis of Impellor and Rubber Roll Husker Using Different Varieties of ...

Rosana G. Moreira, Editor-in-Chief; Texas A&M University ; TECHNICAL ARTICLES: (1) P. Bruscoli, E. Bresci and F. Preti. Diagnostic Analysis of an Irrigation System in the Andes Region. Vol. III, February 2001. (2) T. Fischer, M. Gaderer, P. Lamp, W. Schoelkopf, and R. Ziegler. Processes and Economics for Energetic Use of Cotton Plant Residues. Vol. III, February 2001. (3) B. G. Kakou, H. Shimizu and S. Nishimura. Residual Strength of Colluvium and Stability Analysis of Farmland slope. Vol. III, March 2001. (4) P. N. Rodrigues, L. S. Pereira, A. Zairi, H. El Amami, H. A. Slatni, J. L. Teixeira, and T. Machado. Deficit Irrigation of Cereals and Horticultural Crops: Simulation of Strategies to Cope with Droughts. Vol. III, March 2001. (5) H. El Amami, A. Zairi, L. S. Pereira, T. Machado, A. Slatni, and P. Rodrigues. Deficit Irrigation of Cereals and Horticultural Crops: Economic Analysis. Vol. III, March 2001. (6) T. Tomson and A. Nova. Geographically Dispersed Wind Turbines on the West-Estonian Coast. Vol. III, April 2001. (7) L. Wiset, G. Srzednicki, R. Driscoll, C. Nimmuntavin, and P. Siwapornak. Effects of High Temperature Drying on Rice Quality. Vol. III, May 2001. (8) M. Horynski. The Effects of Field Intensity and Pneumatic Pressure on the Dielectric Constant of Rye Kernels. Vol. III, May 2001. (9) S. Lynikiene. Carrot Seed Preparation in a Corona Discharge Field. Vol. III, July 2001. (10) V. Anbumozhi, K. Matsumoto, and E. Yamaji. Sustaining Agriculture through Modernization of Irrigation Tanks: An Opportunity and a Challenge for Tamilnadu, India. Vol. III, August 2001. (11) A. Munack, O. Schroeder, J. Krahl, and J. Buenger. Comparison of Relevant Exhaust Gas Emissions from Biodiesel and Fossil Diesel Fuel. Vol. III, August 2001. (12) K. Maertens, M. Reyniers, and J. De Baerdemaeker. Design of a Dynamic Grain Flow Model for a Combine Harvester. Vol. III, September 2001. (13) D. Shitanda, Y. Nishiyama, and S. Koide. Performance Analysis of Impellor and Rubber Roll Husker Using Different Varieties of ...

Research in our laboratory focuses on developing supramolecular arrays that produce long-lived charge separation by limiting the electronic coupling between the separated charges, and on the role of solvation in determining the rates and energetics of photoinitiated electron transfer reactions. Arrays have been developed that closely mimic the electronic coupling that was observed only for long-lived radical pairs produced in photosynthetic glassy solids. A series of 36 fixed-distance donor-acceptor molecules using porphyrin donors, triptycene spacers, and 9 different acceptors has been prepared; these are used to probe the dependence of photoinduced charge separation rates on free energy of reaction as a function of solvent both in liquid and solid solution. Data were obtained on rates of charge separation in dioxane, MTHF, butyronitrile, toluene, chlorobenzene, and benzonitrile.

Research in our laboratory focuses on developing supramolecular arrays that produce long-lived charge separation by limiting the electronic coupling between the separated charges, and on the role of solvation in determining the rates and energetics of photoinitiated electron transfer reactions. Arrays have been developed that closely mimic the electronic coupling that was observed only for long-lived radical pairs produced in photosynthetic glassy solids. A series of 36 fixed-distance donor-acceptor molecules using porphyrin donors, triptycene spacers, and 9 different acceptors has been prepared; these are used to probe the dependence of photoinduced charge separation rates on free energy of reaction as a function of solvent both in liquid and solid solution. Data were obtained on rates of charge separation in dioxane, MTHF, butyronitrile, toluene, chlorobenzene, and benzonitrile.