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  • Authors: Molo, Beata;

    Publikacja recenzowana / Peer-reviewed publication ; The article presents Poland’s and Germany’s position on the challenges of the EU-Energy Policy on an example of the EU Energy Union. The article includes an evaluation of Poland’s and Germany’s energy balance as an important determinant of the energy policy in both countries. The core tasks of the Polish and German energy policy were discussed as well as the possible support of future key issues of the EU energy policy.

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    Authors: Trupkiewicz, Marcin;

    This paper is an analysis of smart grids and smart metering concept under Polish energy law. The main focus is put on the innovative potential which will become available in the electricity market once the energy system in Poland is based on smart grids and when energy consumers are billed with the use of smart metering. In the first part of the paper, the concept of a smart grid and its innovative characteristics is presented. The main emphasis is put on cooperation between businesses operating in the energy sector and those in the IT sector. This innovative approach is indirectly determined by numerous EU legislative acts which set out trends and directions of development of the energy transmission system. The second part addresses the legal requirements of implementing a smart grid concept and looks at how this issue is understood the Polish regulatory authority and others bodies of central administration responsible for the energy sector. The paper ends with an identification of potential benefits arising from the implementation of smart grids and smart metering, which include: renewable energy resources, energy efficiency, energy security and the mechanism of demand side management. All these can contribute to the development of businesses involved in the energy sector and the development of a competitive electricity market in Poland. ; 5 ; Studia Prawa Publicznego ; 13 ; 109 ; 127 ; 1

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  • Authors: Młynarski, Tomasz;

    Publikacja recenzowana / Peer-reviewed publication ; Zmiany klimatu są w tej chwili największym zagrożeniem i wyzwaniem, z którym zmaga się ludzkość, a energia jądrowa jako nieemisyjne źródło energii (brak emisji gazów cieplarnianych, w tym dwutlenku węgla) doskonale wpisuje się w podejmowane przez społeczność międzynarodową działania na rzecz przeciwdziałania globalnemu ociepleniu. Wzrost stężenia gazów cieplarnianych w atmosferze jako efekt wytwarzania energii może doprowadzić do poważnych zmian w ekosystemach na świecie. Dlatego sektor energetyczny, a zwłaszcza sektor produkcji energii elektrycznej, czekają zasadnicze zmiany. Wśród technologii, które mogłyby przyczynić się do ograniczenia emisji GHG, jest energia jądrowa, która może odegrać kluczową rolę w transformacji energetycznej i upowszechnianiu źródeł nie- lub niskoemisyjnych w XXI w. Celem artykułu jest próba wyjaśnienia, czy, dlaczego i w jakim stopniu energetyka jądrowa może ograniczyć światową emisje GHG i wpłynąć na zahamowanie procesów negatywnych zmian klimatu. ; Climate change is now the biggest threat and challenge for humanity and nuclear energy as non-emission source of energy (without greenhouse gases emissions including carbon dioxide) fits perfectly in efforts taken by the international community to tackle the global warming. The increased concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere as a result of energy production can lead to major changes in ecosystems in the world. Therefore, the energy sector and particularly the electricity production sector, needs to undergo major changes. Among technologies that could contribute to the reduction of GHG emissions nuclear power can play a key role in the transformation of energy sources and the popularization of low carbon energy sources in the twenty-first century. The article attempts to explain why and to what extent nuclear power can reduce global GHG emissions and impact on the negative climate change processes.

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    Authors: Zajączkowski, Kamil;

    Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie i scharakteryzowanie polityki UE w zakresie przeciwdziałania zmianom klimatu oraz ochrony środowiska na kontynencie afrykańskim w kontekście szerszego celu jakim jest ograniczenie (eliminacja) ubóstwa. Istnieje coraz większa zgoda co do tego, że potrzebne jest zintegrowane podejście do zmian klimatu oraz rozwoju. Tylko powiązanie tych kwestii daje możliwość uchwycenia całej złożoności problematyki ubóstwa, która ma charakter wielowymiarowy. Globalny rozwój wymaga uwzględnienia zagadnień związanych z podatnością na zmiany klimatu i przystosowaniem się do nich. W artykule podjęto się próby odpowiedzi na pytanie w jakim stopniu zmiany klimatu są poważnym i stałym zagrożeniem dla rozwoju, jakie zależności zachodzą między nimi. Przedstawiano rolę i znaczenie zmian klimatu i ochrony środowiska w polityce rozwojowej UE. Scharakteryzowano najważniejsze dokumenty i postanowienia w tym zakresie. W szczególności skoncentrowano się na omówieniu problematyki zmian klimatu i rozwoju w relacjach UE-Afryka. Wskazano na najważniejsze wyzwania związane z implementacją polityk łączących klimat i rozwój. Choć bowiem istnieje przekonanie i świadomość współzależności obu tych zjawisk (procesów) to koniecznych działań jest wciąż zbyt mało. Często bowiem działania rozwojowe i klimatyczne traktowane i realizowane są osobno. ; The aim of this paper is to present and describe the EU’s policy with regard to environmental protection and countering climate change in Africa, in the context of the broader objective of reducing, or eliminating poverty. It is increasingly accepted that we need an integrated approach to climate change and development; only by linking these issues together can we show the entire complexity of the multidimensional issue of poverty. Global development requires taking into account issues related to susceptibility and adjustment to climate change. The paper seeks to answer the questions of the extent to which climate change is a serious and lasting threat to development, and about ...

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  • Authors: Chodyński, Andrzej;

    Artykuł recenzowany / peer - reviewed article

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  • Authors: Romanowska, Anna;

    Przedstawiono przykład zastosowania programu ENERGY-10 do analizy różnych wariantów termomodernizacji związanych z adaptacją budynku klubu garnizonowego nа budynek mieszkalny Wojskowej Agencji Mieszkaniowej. Ро uwzględnieniu zmian związanych z nową funkcją obiektu (nр. nowy układ ścian wewnętrznych) i ро uwzględnieniu odpowiednich rozwiązań energooszczędnych, proponowanych przez program, przeprowadzono weryfikację zastosowanych rozwiązań.

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  • Authors: Jasiulewicz, Michał;

    The aim of the study is to assess the use of biomass for energy purposes in Poland by 2020. The article presents the Polish achievements in the implementation of renewable energy sources (RES). The use of local biomass should aim at increasing the local and regional competitiveness based on endogenous capital – the biomass. Total production of electricity from biomass was presented. An important issue is the possibility of using agricultural biomass for energy purposes, both in the production of liquid biofuels (bioethanol, biodiesel) as well as solid biomass, i.e. forest material and established plantations on agricultural land (willow, poplar, Miscantusa), as well as production of biogas in biogas plants. Particularly noteworthy is the use of all waste and side products from agriculture (manure, straw, waste wood from orchards). The use of biomass energy should aim to create a system of distributed energy, which would complement national energy system. Small power plants operating in the CHP system are expected to be based on modern, high-efficiency cogeneration technologies. ; Celem opracowania jest ocena wykorzystania biomasy do celów energetycznych w Polsce do 2020 r. W artykule przedstawiono dotychczasowe osiągnięcia Polski w realizacji wykorzystania odnawialnych źródeł energii (OZE). Wykorzystanie lokalnej biomasy powinno zmierzać do podnoszenia konkurencyjności lokalneji regionalnej w oparciu o endogeniczny kapitał – biomasę. Przedstawiono obecną łączną produkcję energii elektrycznej z wykorzystania biomasy. Istotną sprawą są możliwości wykorzystania biomasy rolniczej do celów energetycznych zarówno w zakresie produkcji biopaliw płynnych (bioetanol, biodiesel), jak również biomasy stałej, tj. pochodzenia leśnego oraz z zakładanych plantacji na gruntach rolnych (wierzby, topoli, Miscantusa), a także produkcji biogazu w fermentacyjnych biogazowniach. Na szczególną uwagę zasługuje wykorzystanie wszelkich odpadów i produktów ubocznych z rolnictwa (gnojowica, słoma, drewno odpadowe z sadów). Wykorzystanie ...

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  • Authors: Malinowska, Elżbieta; Wiśniewska-Kadżajan, Beata; Jankowski, Kazimierz; Sosnowski, Jacek; +1 Authors

    Biomass energy is the most significant and least capital intensive Polish renewable energy source(RES). Its share in the use of renewable energy exceeds 98%. Biomassis considered to be better for the environment than burning fossil fuels, as the content of harmful elements in the biomassis lower, and the formation of the combustion of carbon dioxide is reduced by the recentabsorption of himgrowing plants. Currently, more and more often next perennial, are implemented on a one-year cycle of the speciesset, such as grass.The advantage of one-crop species is the possibility to maintain propercrop rotation, easier to adapt tomarket condition sand the use of their machinery, equipment and buildings, while the downside, lower than the energy efficiency compared to perennial crops. This article is a synthesis of data on the energy value of 17 different plants and especially many species belonging to the grass. ; Energia biomasy jest obecnie najważniejszym i najmniej kapitałochłonnym źródłem energii odnawialnej (OZE). Jej udział w strukturze wykorzystania OZE przekracza 98%. Spalanie biomasy jest uważane za korzystniejsze dla środowiska niż spalanie paliw kopalnych, gdyż zawartość szkodliwych pierwiastków w biomasie jest niższa, a powstawanie w procesie spalania dwutlenku węgla jest zredukowane niedawnym pochłanianiem go przez rosnące rośliny. Obecnie, coraz częściej obok upraw roślin wieloletnich, wdrażane są gatunki o jednorocznym cyklu zbioru. Zaletą uprawy gatunków jednorocznych jest możliwość utrzymywania właściwego płodozmianu, łatwiejsze dostosowanie się do koniunktury rynkowej oraz wykorzystanie posiadanych maszyn, urządzeń i budynków, natomiast wadą − niższa efektywność energetyczna w porównaniu do upraw wieloletnich. Niniejszy artykuł stanowi syntezę danych dotyczących wartości energetycznej 17 różnych roślin, a zwłaszcza wielu gatunków należących do traw.

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  • Authors: Modelska, Magdalena; Dziugan, Piotr;
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    Authors: Skrynyk, Oleh. Autor; Błażejczyk, Krzysztof. Autor;

    24 cm ; While significant increases in air temperature are being observed in the context of climate change, precipitation characteristics, indicators and indices seem to be changing in a more regionally-variable manner. High-mountain areas prove particularly subject to fluctuations and changes of climate, given that mountains serve as barriers to masses of air flowing over them, with the result that atmospheric precipitation totals are high in the context of the so-called orographic rainfall. Overall, the Chornohora represents the highest range anywhere in Ukraine’s Carpathian Mts, as there are six peaks over 2000 m a.s.l. capable of serving as a barrier running NW-SE. Nevertheless, the main ridge of the High Tatras (of the Slovakia-Poland borderland) is even higher and runs W-E. Each massif is some 30 km in length, while the two ranges are separated by a distance of almost 350 km. Main drainage divides run along the highest ridges here, with the Tatras separating the drainage basins of the Vistula and Danube, while the Chornohora represent a divide between the Prut and Tysa basins. The aim here has been to present characteristics of atmospheric precipitation in Tatra and Chornohora Mts. as these are seen to relate to atmospheric circulation. To this end, the dependent relationship between intensity of precipitation and atmospheric circulation was examined exhaustively, with changes in the latter considered from the point of view of intensity of precipitation in the massifs under study, and with trends for precipitation over the study period also looked for.The Niedźwiedź (2017) classification of types of atmospheric circulation was applied, with annual values calculated for circulation indicators P (a W-E inflow), S (a S-N inflow) and C (a cyclonic/anticyclonic inflow). Overall, the study drew on 1961‑2015 daily precipitation data from the north-eastern slope of Chornohora Mts. (as represented by Ukraine’s Pozhyzhevska weather station, PO, 1451 m a.s.l.), as well as the north slope of the Tatra Mts. (as ...

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  • Authors: Molo, Beata;

    Publikacja recenzowana / Peer-reviewed publication ; The article presents Poland’s and Germany’s position on the challenges of the EU-Energy Policy on an example of the EU Energy Union. The article includes an evaluation of Poland’s and Germany’s energy balance as an important determinant of the energy policy in both countries. The core tasks of the Polish and German energy policy were discussed as well as the possible support of future key issues of the EU energy policy.

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    Authors: Trupkiewicz, Marcin;

    This paper is an analysis of smart grids and smart metering concept under Polish energy law. The main focus is put on the innovative potential which will become available in the electricity market once the energy system in Poland is based on smart grids and when energy consumers are billed with the use of smart metering. In the first part of the paper, the concept of a smart grid and its innovative characteristics is presented. The main emphasis is put on cooperation between businesses operating in the energy sector and those in the IT sector. This innovative approach is indirectly determined by numerous EU legislative acts which set out trends and directions of development of the energy transmission system. The second part addresses the legal requirements of implementing a smart grid concept and looks at how this issue is understood the Polish regulatory authority and others bodies of central administration responsible for the energy sector. The paper ends with an identification of potential benefits arising from the implementation of smart grids and smart metering, which include: renewable energy resources, energy efficiency, energy security and the mechanism of demand side management. All these can contribute to the development of businesses involved in the energy sector and the development of a competitive electricity market in Poland. ; 5 ; Studia Prawa Publicznego ; 13 ; 109 ; 127 ; 1

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  • Authors: Młynarski, Tomasz;

    Publikacja recenzowana / Peer-reviewed publication ; Zmiany klimatu są w tej chwili największym zagrożeniem i wyzwaniem, z którym zmaga się ludzkość, a energia jądrowa jako nieemisyjne źródło energii (brak emisji gazów cieplarnianych, w tym dwutlenku węgla) doskonale wpisuje się w podejmowane przez społeczność międzynarodową działania na rzecz przeciwdziałania globalnemu ociepleniu. Wzrost stężenia gazów cieplarnianych w atmosferze jako efekt wytwarzania energii może doprowadzić do poważnych zmian w ekosystemach na świecie. Dlatego sektor energetyczny, a zwłaszcza sektor produkcji energii elektrycznej, czekają zasadnicze zmiany. Wśród technologii, które mogłyby przyczynić się do ograniczenia emisji GHG, jest energia jądrowa, która może odegrać kluczową rolę w transformacji energetycznej i upowszechnianiu źródeł nie- lub niskoemisyjnych w XXI w. Celem artykułu jest próba wyjaśnienia, czy, dlaczego i w jakim stopniu energetyka jądrowa może ograniczyć światową emisje GHG i wpłynąć na zahamowanie procesów negatywnych zmian klimatu. ; Climate change is now the biggest threat and challenge for humanity and nuclear energy as non-emission source of energy (without greenhouse gases emissions including carbon dioxide) fits perfectly in efforts taken by the international community to tackle the global warming. The increased concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere as a result of energy production can lead to major changes in ecosystems in the world. Therefore, the energy sector and particularly the electricity production sector, needs to undergo major changes. Among technologies that could contribute to the reduction of GHG emissions nuclear power can play a key role in the transformation of energy sources and the popularization of low carbon energy sources in the twenty-first century. The article attempts to explain why and to what extent nuclear power can reduce global GHG emissions and impact on the negative climate change processes.

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    Authors: Zajączkowski, Kamil;

    Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie i scharakteryzowanie polityki UE w zakresie przeciwdziałania zmianom klimatu oraz ochrony środowiska na kontynencie afrykańskim w kontekście szerszego celu jakim jest ograniczenie (eliminacja) ubóstwa. Istnieje coraz większa zgoda co do tego, że potrzebne jest zintegrowane podejście do zmian klimatu oraz rozwoju. Tylko powiązanie tych kwestii daje możliwość uchwycenia całej złożoności problematyki ubóstwa, która ma charakter wielowymiarowy. Globalny rozwój wymaga uwzględnienia zagadnień związanych z podatnością na zmiany klimatu i przystosowaniem się do nich. W artykule podjęto się próby odpowiedzi na pytanie w jakim stopniu zmiany klimatu są poważnym i stałym zagrożeniem dla rozwoju, jakie zależności zachodzą między nimi. Przedstawiano rolę i znaczenie zmian klimatu i ochrony środowiska w polityce rozwojowej UE. Scharakteryzowano najważniejsze dokumenty i postanowienia w tym zakresie. W szczególności skoncentrowano się na omówieniu problematyki zmian klimatu i rozwoju w relacjach UE-Afryka. Wskazano na najważniejsze wyzwania związane z implementacją polityk łączących klimat i rozwój. Choć bowiem istnieje przekonanie i świadomość współzależności obu tych zjawisk (procesów) to koniecznych działań jest wciąż zbyt mało. Często bowiem działania rozwojowe i klimatyczne traktowane i realizowane są osobno. ; The aim of this paper is to present and describe the EU’s policy with regard to environmental protection and countering climate change in Africa, in the context of the broader objective of reducing, or eliminating poverty. It is increasingly accepted that we need an integrated approach to climate change and development; only by linking these issues together can we show the entire complexity of the multidimensional issue of poverty. Global development requires taking into account issues related to susceptibility and adjustment to climate change. The paper seeks to answer the questions of the extent to which climate change is a serious and lasting threat to development, and about ...

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  • Authors: Chodyński, Andrzej;

    Artykuł recenzowany / peer - reviewed article

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  • Authors: Romanowska, Anna;

    Przedstawiono przykład zastosowania programu ENERGY-10 do analizy różnych wariantów termomodernizacji związanych z adaptacją budynku klubu garnizonowego nа budynek mieszkalny Wojskowej Agencji Mieszkaniowej. Ро uwzględnieniu zmian związanych z nową funkcją obiektu (nр. nowy układ ścian wewnętrznych) i ро uwzględnieniu odpowiednich rozwiązań energooszczędnych, proponowanych przez program, przeprowadzono weryfikację zastosowanych rozwiązań.

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  • Authors: Jasiulewicz, Michał;

    The aim of the study is to assess the use of biomass for energy purposes in Poland by 2020. The article presents the Polish achievements in the implementation of renewable energy sources (RES). The use of local biomass should aim at increasing the local and regional competitiveness based on endogenous capital – the biomass. Total production of electricity from biomass was presented. An important issue is the possibility of using agricultural biomass for energy purposes, both in the production of liquid biofuels (bioethanol, biodiesel) as well as solid biomass, i.e. forest material and established plantations on agricultural land (willow, poplar, Miscantusa), as well as production of biogas in biogas plants. Particularly noteworthy is the use of all waste and side products from agriculture (manure, straw, waste wood from orchards). The use of biomass energy should aim to create a system of distributed energy, which would complement national energy system. Small power plants operating in the CHP system are expected to be based on modern, high-efficiency cogeneration technologies. ; Celem opracowania jest ocena wykorzystania biomasy do celów energetycznych w Polsce do 2020 r. W artykule przedstawiono dotychczasowe osiągnięcia Polski w realizacji wykorzystania odnawialnych źródeł energii (OZE). Wykorzystanie lokalnej biomasy powinno zmierzać do podnoszenia konkurencyjności lokalneji regionalnej w oparciu o endogeniczny kapitał – biomasę. Przedstawiono obecną łączną produkcję energii elektrycznej z wykorzystania biomasy. Istotną sprawą są możliwości wykorzystania biomasy rolniczej do celów energetycznych zarówno w zakresie produkcji biopaliw płynnych (bioetanol, biodiesel), jak również biomasy stałej, tj. pochodzenia leśnego oraz z zakładanych plantacji na gruntach rolnych (wierzby, topoli, Miscantusa), a także produkcji biogazu w fermentacyjnych biogazowniach. Na szczególną uwagę zasługuje wykorzystanie wszelkich odpadów i produktów ubocznych z rolnictwa (gnojowica, słoma, drewno odpadowe z sadów). Wykorzystanie ...

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  • Authors: Malinowska, Elżbieta; Wiśniewska-Kadżajan, Beata; Jankowski, Kazimierz; Sosnowski, Jacek; +1 Authors

    Biomass energy is the most significant and least capital intensive Polish renewable energy source(RES). Its share in the use of renewable energy exceeds 98%. Biomassis considered to be better for the environment than burning fossil fuels, as the content of harmful elements in the biomassis lower, and the formation of the combustion of carbon dioxide is reduced by the recentabsorption of himgrowing plants. Currently, more and more often next perennial, are implemented on a one-year cycle of the speciesset, such as grass.The advantage of one-crop species is the possibility to maintain propercrop rotation, easier to adapt tomarket condition sand the use of their machinery, equipment and buildings, while the downside, lower than the energy efficiency compared to perennial crops. This article is a synthesis of data on the energy value of 17 different plants and especially many species belonging to the grass. ; Energia biomasy jest obecnie najważniejszym i najmniej kapitałochłonnym źródłem energii odnawialnej (OZE). Jej udział w strukturze wykorzystania OZE przekracza 98%. Spalanie biomasy jest uważane za korzystniejsze dla środowiska niż spalanie paliw kopalnych, gdyż zawartość szkodliwych pierwiastków w biomasie jest niższa, a powstawanie w procesie spalania dwutlenku węgla jest zredukowane niedawnym pochłanianiem go przez rosnące rośliny. Obecnie, coraz częściej obok upraw roślin wieloletnich, wdrażane są gatunki o jednorocznym cyklu zbioru. Zaletą uprawy gatunków jednorocznych jest możliwość utrzymywania właściwego płodozmianu, łatwiejsze dostosowanie się do koniunktury rynkowej oraz wykorzystanie posiadanych maszyn, urządzeń i budynków, natomiast wadą − niższa efektywność energetyczna w porównaniu do upraw wieloletnich. Niniejszy artykuł stanowi syntezę danych dotyczących wartości energetycznej 17 różnych roślin, a zwłaszcza wielu gatunków należących do traw.

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  • Authors: Modelska, Magdalena; Dziugan, Piotr;
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    Authors: Skrynyk, Oleh. Autor; Błażejczyk, Krzysztof. Autor;

    24 cm ; While significant increases in air temperature are being observed in the context of climate change, precipitation characteristics, indicators and indices seem to be changing in a more regionally-variable manner. High-mountain areas prove particularly subject to fluctuations and changes of climate, given that mountains serve as barriers to masses of air flowing over them, with the result that atmospheric precipitation totals are high in the context of the so-called orographic rainfall. Overall, the Chornohora represents the highest range anywhere in Ukraine’s Carpathian Mts, as there are six peaks over 2000 m a.s.l. capable of serving as a barrier running NW-SE. Nevertheless, the main ridge of the High Tatras (of the Slovakia-Poland borderland) is even higher and runs W-E. Each massif is some 30 km in length, while the two ranges are separated by a distance of almost 350 km. Main drainage divides run along the highest ridges here, with the Tatras separating the drainage basins of the Vistula and Danube, while the Chornohora represent a divide between the Prut and Tysa basins. The aim here has been to present characteristics of atmospheric precipitation in Tatra and Chornohora Mts. as these are seen to relate to atmospheric circulation. To this end, the dependent relationship between intensity of precipitation and atmospheric circulation was examined exhaustively, with changes in the latter considered from the point of view of intensity of precipitation in the massifs under study, and with trends for precipitation over the study period also looked for.The Niedźwiedź (2017) classification of types of atmospheric circulation was applied, with annual values calculated for circulation indicators P (a W-E inflow), S (a S-N inflow) and C (a cyclonic/anticyclonic inflow). Overall, the study drew on 1961‑2015 daily precipitation data from the north-eastern slope of Chornohora Mts. (as represented by Ukraine’s Pozhyzhevska weather station, PO, 1451 m a.s.l.), as well as the north slope of the Tatra Mts. (as ...

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