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Одним из способов исследования фазовых превращений в бризантных взрывчатых веществах (БВВ) является передача тепла посредством соприкосновения с ним нагретого до определенной температуры проводника. Чаще всего проводник нагревается посредством пропускания через него электрического тока. Однако в местах контакта происходит потеря части энергии, а поскольку определение тепловых параметров фазовых превращений ведется методами косвенного измерения, то учет обозначенных потерь приведет к уменьшению расчетной погрешности в ходе обработки экспериментальных данных. One of the ways to study phase transformations in high explosive substances (BVV) is the transfer of heat by means of contact with a conductor heated to a certain temperature. Most often, the conductor is heated by passing an electric current through it. However, part of the energy is lost at the points of contact, and since the thermal parameters of phase transformations are determined using indirect measurement methods, taking into account the indicated losses will reduce the calculated error during the processing of experimental data.

The forested area in the most inhabited lands of the European Ural part of the Russian Federation is occupied mainly by low-grade hardwood with a predominance of birch and aspen. Pyrolysis is a traditional method for low-grade wood processing; the produced charcoal can be effectively used in the technology of other carbon materials. The structure of the developed system for the production of carbon materials from wood consists of 4 subsystems: 1 - raw material procurement, 2 - primary wood processing, 3 - wood pyrolysis, 4 - charcoal processing. When harvesting and primary processing of wood, energy and resource saving is ensured through the wood waste utilization; during pyrolysis - by using heat exothermic reactions. In the timber industry enterprises, the excess heat abstraction is possible when using modular pyrolysis retort units and similar apparatuses for the production of charcoal. When processing charcoal, resource saving is provided by briquetting of its small fractions, and energy saving - by activation gases burning. Water steam activation poses the least environmental hazard in the producing process of active carbons. We propose to conduct oxidation of activated charcoal (for reasons of environmental safety) in the vapor phase using hot moist air as an oxidizing agent. At the same time, no wastewater is formed. The analysis of options of low-grade wood processing has shown that the developed technology of carbon materials allows us to increase the cost of products, for example, from 1 m(3) of birch wood more than 3 times, and to increase the economic stability of forestry enterprises. At the same time, we can obtain up to 4 types of carbon materials (charcoal, wood-coal briquettes, activated and oxidized coals), and reduce the environmental hazard of their production by burning a steam-gas mixture of wood pyrolysis, by the use of water vapor (at the stage of activated charcoals producing) and air (at the stage of obtaining of oxidized coal). ; Лесопокрытая площадь в наиболее обжитых районах ...