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В статье исследуется опыт Республики Казахстан в области устойчивого развития, реализации соответствующих проектов. Изучен опыт институтов развития Казахстана, крупных компаний, занимающихся добычей полезных ископаемых, в области устойчивого развития, реализации ESG-проектов. Создание собственных зеленых правил, ESG-рейтингов, матриц значимости тем, инвестиции в природоохранные и социальные проекты, использование отходов, проекты по энергоэффективности и использованию возобновляемых источников энергии, выпуск зеленых и социальных облигаций и другие направления деятельности свидетельствуют об активизации устойчивого развития. Систематизированы основные факторы взаимосвязи экологических, социальных показателей с финансово-экономическими. The article examines the experience of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the field of sustainable development, the implementation of relevant projects. The experience of development institutes of Kazakhstan, large companies engaged in mining, in the field of sustainable development, implementation of ESG projects has been studied. The creation of their own green rules, ESG ratings, matrixes of the importance of topics, investments in environmental and social projects, waste management, energy efficiency and renewable energy projects, the issuance of green and social bonds and other areas of activity indicate the activation of sustainable development. The main factors of interrelation of ecological, social indicators with financial and economic ones are systematized.

The Republic of Uzbekistan currently has an urgent need to provide drinking water to the population of remote rural areas. The water sources in these areas are usually heavily polluted by pathogenic bacteria and the water must be sterilized before use. Due to the remote nature of settlements in these areas, it is impossible to perform this task using traditional methods suitable for urban areas, due to economic challenges. The problem is the lack of a developed infrastructure (electricity, communications) because of the economic situation and the remote location of these villages. In view of this, the scale of infectious diseases of people caused by poor-quality water in rural areas of the republic is quite high. In this regard, the development of compact and efficient water purification devices, which should be affordable for the rural population, is of particular relevance. Unlike most disinfectants, ultraviolet (UV) radiation does not inactivate microorganisms by chemical interaction. UV irradiation inactivates organisms by absorbing light, which causes a photochemical reaction that changes the molecular basis of the components to the function of the cell. As UV rays penetrate the cell wall of a microorganism, energy reacts with nucleic acids and its other vital components, leading to the injury or death of exposed cells. Ultraviolet lamps work in almost the same way as fluorescent lamps. The difference between the two lamps is that the fluorescent bulb of the lamp is coated with a phosphorous compound that converts ultraviolet radiation into visible light. The UV lamp is not covered, so it transmits the ultraviolet radiation produced by the arc. This study confirms the efficiency of the developed scheme of an autonomous device for disinfecting water when it is exposed by the radiation of an ultraviolet lamp with electricity supply from photovoltaic systems.

A growing body of literature probes the impact of geopolitical risk (GPR) on CO2 emissions. However, no study compares the findings in the case of developed and developing countries. Hence, this study aims to probe the impact of GPR on CO2 emissions for selected developed and developing countries while controlling for energy consumption, foreign direct investment, and economic growth. For this purpose, we make use of a panel dataset covering the period 1990–2020. In the long-run, we report that the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis exists for developing countries. Next, the pollution haven hypothesis is validated for the developed countries in the long-run. Also, GPR escalates emissions for developed and developing countries in the long-run. In the short-run, the Environmental Kuznets Curve and pollution haven hypothesis are found invalid. Moreover, in the short-run, GPR impedes emissions in both developed and developing countries. Further, energy consumption upsurges emissions across all samples (i.e., either developed or developing countries) in either its short- or long-run. The heterogeneous findings across the long- and short-run, for developed and developing countries, propose to formulate unalike policies for countries with different levels of income.

Abstract The amount of household solid waste (HSW) has been significantly increasing due to a rapid population growth and economic development. HSW management is immensely sensitive and complicated problem not only in rapidly developing countries like Uzbekistan but also in developed countries with advanced economies.The accumulated waste has been causing a number of serious environmental problems such as release of the most dangerous greenhouse gases (CO2, N2O, CH4) in the atmosphere which misbalance radiation in a planet’s atmosphere causing a global warming. However, this waste can be friendly in terms of its potential to be used as energy source. HSW into energy conversion technologies has been playing a vital rolein order to successfully address global challenges suchas fossil fuel dependency, emission control and waste management issues.The most promising technology for conversions can be performed using thermochemical processes (e.g., pyrolysis or gasification).These thermochemical technologies can be used to convert solid waste into liquid and gaseous fuels, and this has already been studied sufficiently by other researchers. This article recommends a novel concept for intensification of value-added solid and liquid products recovery from HSW using hydrothermal carbonization and plasma treatment.

Since turning carbon neutral is regarded as a major macroeconomic agenda worldwide, this study examines whether financial globalization and good governance can help Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa, and Turkey in achieving carbon neutrality. Considering the period of analysis from 2000 to 2020 and utilizing robust econometric methods, it is observed that the environmental consequences vary across different components of financial globalization. In particular, the results validate the pollution haven hypothesis by confirming the carbon emission-boosting effect of de facto financial globalization indicators. In contrast, the pollution halo effect hypothesis is verified by the finding of the carbon emission-abating effect of de jure financial globalization indicators. Besides, promoting good governance is evidenced to impose carbon emission-mitigating impact in the long-run. The findings also authenticate the existence of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis for the emerging countries of concern. Finally, for both the short and long runs, it is found that the non-renewable to renewable energy transition contributes to lower discharges of carbon dioxide, while urbanization results in the amplification of the carbon emission figures. Considering these critically important findings, it is necessary for these countries to impose restrictions on the influx of unclean foreign direct investment, facilitate and ease the investment process for foreign investors for investing in environment-friendly projects, promote good governance, and adopt green economic growth and sustainable urbanization policies by developing their respective renewable energy sectors.

Comparatively, the results of experimental studies of pyrolysis of bio-plant material and oil sludge were studied, which gave similar results. The article provides scientific and technical information on the problems of processing solid waste and residues of biological origin. It has been shown that by thermal destruction, it is possible to obtain hydrocarbons of a gaseous, liquid consistency, and solid mass, preferably consisting of hydrocarbons with a small number of hydrocarbon residues.

Water is the key limiting factor in socioeconomic and ecological development, but it is adversely affected by climate change. The novel virtual water (VW) concept and water, energy, food, biodiversity, and human health (WEFBH) nexus approach are powerful tools to assess the sustainability of a region through the lens of climate change. Climate change-related challenges and water are complex and intertwined. This paper analyzed the significant WEFBH sectors using the multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) and analytic hierarchy process (AHP) model. The AHP model demonstrated quantitative relationships among WEFBH nexus sustainability indicators in the Greater Horn of Africa countries. Besides, the net VW imports and water footprints of major staple crops were assessed. The composite WEFBH nexus indices varied from 0.10 to 0.14. The water footprint of crops is increasing period by period. The results also revealed that most countries in the study area are facing WEFBH domains unsustainability due to weak planning or improper management strategies. The strong policy constancy among the WEFBH sector is vital for dissociating the high-water consumption from crop production, energy, environmental, and human health system. Thus, this study enhances insights into the interdependencies, interconnectedness, and interactions of sectors thereby strengthening the coordination, complementarities, and synergies among them. To attain sustainable development, we urgently call all public and private entities to value the amount of VW used in their daily activities and design better policies on the complex WEFBH nexus and future climate change.

The new generation network and technology is changing the world day by day, so does in area of Agriculture. Agriculture is the basic stone of economic development in the transition countries. In the past decade, Information communication Technology is enriching people’s communication, which is the important criteria of knowledge society. In developed countries, ICT for agriculture is quite important. According to last research findings the technology contribution for Agriculture in developed countries is around 70 per cent. In developing countries such kind of research is not provided. The article analysis the contribution of the new generation ICT network investment for agriculture employing the Solow Residual theory and Cobb-Douglas Production function.

Abstract In the world, special attention is paid to targeted research on water resources management and efficient use of irrigation water resources. In this regard, one of the main tasks is to improve the technique of irrigation of fields using cheap chemical and technical means, the development of new methods of water-saving irrigation, the development of the theory of water-saving technologies in irrigation of fields. In this regard, the use of inexpensive interpolymers to reduce soil composition and irrigation water infiltration is of particular importance.