• Energy Research
• 2016-2025close
• 13. Climate action close
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Analyzing climate change's consequences is more complex for irrigated agriculture compared to rainfed. There are still limited researches that has considered the interactive effects of irrigation and climate variables regardless the fact that a broad range of climate studies was already involved in international literature. In this view, this study aimed at exploring the cross effects of irrigation with climate on farm output using ex-post assessment technique in Uzbekistan, where agriculture contributes for a large portion of the national GDP and irrigation water is becoming scarce. We applied a Stochastic Frontier Approach (SFA) with panel data from the central-eastern part of Uzbekistan for the period of 2013-2018, which includes a sample of 2,135 wheat and 1,141 cotton growers. The analysis revealed that climate factors have diverse influence by crop types across the region. Increased warming would be harmful for wheat farmers: a one-degree Celsius rise in average temperature between March and June could lead to up to 60% losses of total yields on wheat-growing farms, although precipitation has a positive significant effect. In contrast, increased temperatures are beneficial for cotton-growing farmers but excessive rainfall during the months of May-September could lead to 3% losses of total yields on cotton-growing farms. It's expected that both wheat and cotton growing farmers will suffer from temperature increases and excessive precipitation on their farms in the near future. More importantly, the interaction effects of irrigation and climate variables show that the cross effects of applied irrigation and mean temperature have highly significant positive impacts on the total yields of both wheat and cotton growing farmers in the study region. Thus, productivity in the region could be improved when enough water is available and more efficient irrigation techniques are used, otherwise declines in productivity could be witnessed.

Abstract The amount of household solid waste (HSW) has been significantly increasing due to a rapid population growth and economic development. HSW management is immensely sensitive and complicated problem not only in rapidly developing countries like Uzbekistan but also in developed countries with advanced economies.The accumulated waste has been causing a number of serious environmental problems such as release of the most dangerous greenhouse gases (CO2, N2O, CH4) in the atmosphere which misbalance radiation in a planet’s atmosphere causing a global warming. However, this waste can be friendly in terms of its potential to be used as energy source. HSW into energy conversion technologies has been playing a vital rolein order to successfully address global challenges suchas fossil fuel dependency, emission control and waste management issues.The most promising technology for conversions can be performed using thermochemical processes (e.g., pyrolysis or gasification).These thermochemical technologies can be used to convert solid waste into liquid and gaseous fuels, and this has already been studied sufficiently by other researchers. This article recommends a novel concept for intensification of value-added solid and liquid products recovery from HSW using hydrothermal carbonization and plasma treatment.

This article focuses on improving water-saving technologies for efficient use of water resources, the development and recommendation of modern irrigation methods, and assessing the impact of surface area on irrigation water consumption.

Since turning carbon neutral is regarded as a major macroeconomic agenda worldwide, this study examines whether financial globalization and good governance can help Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa, and Turkey in achieving carbon neutrality. Considering the period of analysis from 2000 to 2020 and utilizing robust econometric methods, it is observed that the environmental consequences vary across different components of financial globalization. In particular, the results validate the pollution haven hypothesis by confirming the carbon emission-boosting effect of de facto financial globalization indicators. In contrast, the pollution halo effect hypothesis is verified by the finding of the carbon emission-abating effect of de jure financial globalization indicators. Besides, promoting good governance is evidenced to impose carbon emission-mitigating impact in the long-run. The findings also authenticate the existence of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis for the emerging countries of concern. Finally, for both the short and long runs, it is found that the non-renewable to renewable energy transition contributes to lower discharges of carbon dioxide, while urbanization results in the amplification of the carbon emission figures. Considering these critically important findings, it is necessary for these countries to impose restrictions on the influx of unclean foreign direct investment, facilitate and ease the investment process for foreign investors for investing in environment-friendly projects, promote good governance, and adopt green economic growth and sustainable urbanization policies by developing their respective renewable energy sectors.

Research suggests climate change beliefs among science teachers mirror those of the general public, raising questions of whether teachers may be perpetuating polarization of public opinion through their classrooms. We began answering these questions with a survey of middle school science teachers (n = 24) and their students (n = 369) in North Carolina, USA. Similar to previous studies, we found that though nearly all (92.1%) of students had teachers who believe that global warming is happening, few (12%) are in classrooms with teachers who recognize that global warming is anthropogenic. We found that teacher beliefs that global warming is happening and student climate change knowledge were the strongest predictors of student belief that global warming is happening and human caused. Conversely, teacher beliefs about human causes of global warming had no relationship with student beliefs, suggesting that science teachers' low recognition of the causes of global warming is not necessarily problematic in terms of student outcomes. These findings may be explained by previous research suggesting adolescents interpret scientific information relatively independently of ideological constraints. Though teacher polarization may be problematic in its own right, it appears that as long as climate change information is presented in classrooms, students deduce anthropogenic causes.

Modern technologies allow obtaining small diameter fibers used for fine filtration. Combined layer filter materials are made from such fibers. Nanofibers from 20 to 200 nm are actively used as components of filter materials. They are made of synthetic (polyamides, polyesters, aromatic polyamides, polyacrylates), biological (proteins, collagen) materials and activated carbon. According to their effect, they are similar to reverse osmosis membranes (they retain large anions, Ca, Mg cations, heavy metal ions, large organic compounds) and at the same time allow obtaining membranes with high permeability for small sodium ions. It is known that one of the main problems of environmental protection is the reduction of atmospheric pollution. Every year, a large amount of harmful compounds - oxides, various metal compounds, as well as sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides, volatile organic compounds, stable organic compounds and acids are released into the atmosphere. The results of the study of the influence of the composite composition and the method of obtaining a filter material on its filtration properties and main indicators are presented.

This paper describes the first experience for Uzbekistan in mammals' fauna inventory in the context of large administrative districts. Tashkent region was chosen as a model territory for researching – as an integral natural area with natural geographical boundaries. A revision of the composition and assessment of the fauna current conditions of economically significant mammals of this region was carried out. The primary limiting factors and threats to the existence of these species were analyzed. The permissible standards for the removal of economically significant mammalian species from the natural environment were determined, based on the data of the abundance and their habitats conditions. Standard approaches and methods for inventory have been developed: data collection and storage; working with sources of existing information; field research as the gaps closing basic method. Based on the results of the research, standard species profiles were prepared for 17 economically significant mammalian species, including data on distribution, landscape location, abundance, and permissible operational loads. A proposal to change the current conservation status of the Long-tailed Marmot, Corsac Fox and Steppe Polecat was justified. These species were previously considered as hunting objects, but now they have become rare. The impact of introduced and invasive species – Coypu, Muskrat, American Mink and Norway Rat on the native fauna was determined. The analysis of negative impacts on the species allowed to recommend a number of applied measures for the sustainable use of biological resources.

AbstractThis research was prepared on the basis of an expedition conducted by the Department of Applied Ecology of National University of Uzbekistan in four territories adjacent to the Aral Sea: Karakalpakstan, Bukhara, Khorezm, and Navoi provinces, in particular in 20 cities of Uzbekistan. The expedition was carried out within the framework of the project “Program for adaptation to climate change in the Aral Sea Basin and mitigation of its consequences”, under the auspices and assistance of the International Development Association. Also, the Agency for the Structural Transformation of Agricultural Enterprises and the Consulting Company Intellect management took an active part in the project. The aim of the study was to assess climate change, understanding the impact of dangerous consequences, measures to adapt to climate change in Uzbekistan. To find possible objective and scientific approaches to the application in a broad sense of methods for confrontation in all areas of agricultural activity was also a potential objective of this paper. In addition, within the framework of this program, in 20 cities, local inhabitants were familiarized with the results of this study by conducting lectures, trainings and seminars for representatives of production, farms, workers of agricultural enterprises, scientific researchers, undergraduates, bachelors of higher education in the project area.