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In the study of waterflood process using scaled physical models, there are some factors like petrophysics, geometry, pressure and others properties of the porous media that are impossible to reproduce exactly, because the conditions present a big difference. Now, if it is impossible to reproduce the porous media in laboratory, petrophysics properties are going to be different too, like these properties determine flow fluids the production results between field and laboratory are different. However, scaled models are very expensive but if you are going to study a new process where the physics is not unknow, they are a big help, then ¿What can you do with the difference in petrophysical properties? Well, you can ignore this difference or pay a lot of money additionally for ¿try¿ of build a better porous media. But, there is a third option that you can include for the calculation of the difference in petrophysical properties; the question is ¿How? In this work it was proposed a new method based in the difference of mobile porous volume, because this property have relation with residual saturations, porosity and scale factor. Use of this method is limited for some characteristics like geometry, we used a configuration of two wells in a eighth of five spot; the reservoir must be homogeneous without shale intercalations, and finally fluids used in field and laboratory must present equal mobility relation. When you are going to use this graphic method, it is necessary to know mobile porous volume in field, the scale factor used and mobile porous volume in model. With these properties, you can read a difference factor for the recovery factor in the graphic and with this value you can matching your recovery factor and other production data, to get a best result with your physical models.

The concept of energy transition can be interpreted in different ways depending on the nature of the agent involved. However, practitioners and existing literature agree that a country’s energy transition is the variation of fossil fuel share in the total primary energy supply (TPES). Public policies mostly focus on changing the energy mix directly or indirectly. However, the production of fossil fuels depends mostly on market-related determinants, including prices and investment in the means of production. But what is the contribution of global energy transition? The objective of this paper is to estimate to which extent public policies related to energy transition affect fossil fuel production in producing countries. For this purpose, we consider as a proxy of energy transition the evolution over 40 years of the TPES of a large panel of fossil fuel–exporting countries, which we compare to its total primary energy production (TPEP). Moreover, we analyze these effects to determine if they differ according to country characteristics, such as its level of development or its membership in OPEC. Finally, we describe the long-run and short-run effects by studying separately the effects of production investments and those of R&D investments in RES technologies. The European Journal of Comparative Economics, Vol 17. no. 1, p. 5-30

The publication Corporate Fraud and Internal Control contains essential guidance for companies to examine and improve their fraud programs: Corporate governance legislation has become increasingly concerned with the ongoing resilience of organizations and, particularly, with their ability to resist corporate fraud from the lowest levels to the upper echelons of executive management. It has become unacceptable for those responsible for corporate governance to claim, "I didn't know". Corporate Fraud and Internal Control focuses on the appropriateness of the design of the system of internal controls in fraud risk mitigation, as well as the mechanisms to ensure effective implementation and monitoring on an ongoing basis. 

The author wishes to make the following correction to this paper. Due to mislabeling, replace: [...]

LocaGIStics is a support tool for the design of regional biomass delivery chains. It enables to further design and evaluate regional biomass delivery chains that are e.g. the result of initial planning by an energy company or a biobased producer. These general plans are translated in several biomass delivery designs using the variation in logistical concepts covering transport, pre-treatment and conversion options. The performance of every chain design can then be analyzed by comparing the different biomass delivery chains on the following environmental and economic indicators. A regional case study was performed in Aragón (Spain) using the LocaGIStics tool. In this case study maps were used where the biomass availability is specified for 2.5 x 2.5 grid cells. Data about the logistical components were supplied partly by the energy supplying company that was involved. This paper shows the main outcomes of this case study. Proceedings of the 25th European Biomass Conference and Exhibition, 12-15 June 2017, Stockholm, Sweden, pp. 41-47

Globally it is estimated that 84% of produced grains are wasted. In India 20-40% of food grains are spoiled, due to conventional preservation technique. The preservation tech like canning, freezing, drying etc are used in order to avoid the food wastage. Renewable hybrid drying system may be optimum for food preservations at low cost and will exploit at large in the present scenario. Proposed system of hybrid drying system is an integration of solar thermal air heating system coupled with air heating using suitable heating system based on biomass burning to maintain continuous drying process. Experiments are carried out for sun drying, oven drying, solar drying using air heaters and solar- biomass thermal drying. It is observed that solar hybrid system using biomass as a fuel for heating has reduced time of drying maize. For only solar system hot air drying time reduced from 72 to 33 hours and for solar hybrid drying time reduced from 72 to 15 hours. https://journalnx.com/journal-article/20150072

The Brazilian project Carne Carbono Neutro (CCN) assumes that a more sustainable beef will increase its value for the consumers. The paper aims to verify this assumption and to suggest a communication strategy supporting the CCN valorization. An online survey involving 506 Brazilian consumers showed three different classes of consumers with significantly different attitudes towards environmental issues. Price and quality always strongly influence their demand for beef. A communication campaign should focus on the CCN lower beef environmental impact and beef price/quality issues. Social media on internet and education programs in schools and different institutions should be used. International Journal on Food System Dynamics, Vol 11, No 4 (2020)

Leaf morphology was measured and aerodynamical attributes as well as transpiration rates were calculated for the mangrove Conocarpus erecta from sites naturally sheltered or sites exposed to oceanic winds at Socorro Island, Mexico, and compared with those of C. erecta, Laguncularia racemosa, and Rhizophora mangle at a mainland estuary near La Manzanilla, Jalisco, Mexico. Leaves of C. erecta, 5.98 cm in length and 2.03 cm in width, were the smallest and most streamlined of the mainland mangroves. Moreover, both leaf dimensions were 32 % smaller for trees from the exposed sites on Socorro Island than on the mainland. For a given wind velocity, Reynolds numbers were 10 to 33 % lower at Socorro Island than on the mainland for leaves of C. erecta, leading to a 17 to 45 % lower drag force exerted by wind on such leaves. Reynolds numbers characterize the degree of turbulence of a fluid moving adjacent to the surface of an object; here such a dimensionless number was used as a measure of fluttering for leaves. Transpiration rates for C. erecta were 25 % lower for plants growing at exposed sites on Socorro Island than on the sheltered sites, whose midday transpiration averaged 4 mmol m_2 s_1. Conocarpus erecta was better suited than the other mainland mangroves to windy environments owing to its smaller and more streamlined leaves. The population from Socorro Island underwent further morphological changes in response to wind at exposed sites, explaining, in part, the presence of this species and not of other mangroves on this oceanic Pacific islandSe midió la morfología foliar y se calcularon atributos aerodinámicos además de tasas potenciales de transpiración del mangle Conocarpus erecta en sitios naturalmente protegidos y expuestos al viento oceánico en la Isla Socorro, México, y de C. erecta, Laguncularia racemosa y Rhizophora mangle en un estuario continental cerca de La Manzanilla, Jalisco, México. Se realizaron comparaciones entre especies y sitios. Las hojas de C. erecta, de 5,98 cm de longitud y 2,03 de ancho, fueron las más pequeñas y aerodinámicas de los mangles del continente. Más aún, ambas dimensiones foliares fueron 32 % más pequeñas para los árboles de los sitios expuestos en la Isla Socorro que en el continente. Para cualquier velocidad del viento, el número de Reynolds fue 10 a 33 % menor en Isla Socorro que para las hojas de C. erecta en el continente, por lo que el viento ejerce una fuerza de arrastre 17 a 45 % menor para las primeras. El número de Reynolds caracteriza la turbulencia de un fluido que se mueve adyacente a una superficie; aquí se utilizó dicho número adimensional como medida del revoloteo de las hojas. La tasa de transpiración de C. erecta en Isla Socorro fue 25 % menor para las plantas de sitios expuestos que para aquellas de sitios protegidos, cuya transpiración promedió 4 mmol m_2 s_1 al medio día. Conocarpus erecta presentó mejores características para ambientes con viento debido a que sus hojas son más pequeñas y aerodinámicas. La población de Isla Socorro presentó mayores cambios morfológicos en respuesta al viento en sitios expuestos, explicando, en parte, la presencia de esta especie y no de otros manglares en esta isla océanica

Lisama field is located in Magdalena Middle Valley basin and although it was discovered in 1967, its recovery factor does not exceed 14% and its production is declining. For this reason, it requires prompt implementation of a secondary recovery process to offset declining oil rate and stabilize the reservoir pressure; The field was evaluated for experimental response to the implementation of a water injection process in its most prolific reservoir: Mugrosa Formation. In this study we performed the integration of results from laboratory tests such as basic petrophysical properties, mineralogical characterization, mineral distribution, poral geometry, compatibility studies and sensitivity of the rock. The response of the reservoir to the implementation of the process was positive because compatibility between fluids and a low sensitivity of the formation minerals were observed.