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{"references": ["S. Throp, \"Climate change challenges and opportunities. Special issue. CTA Spore, 2015.", "Intergovernmental Panel on Climate change (IPCC) Climate change: The Physical Science Basis (summary for policy), IPCC, and Geneva. 2007.", "A.M. Atolagbe, \"Architecture in Nigeria and the Practice for Sustainable Development: A Comparative education\" Nairobi, Kenya: ICRAF. 2002.", "D.M. Ranasingbe, Forestry Education and Global Change. A case study on the contribution of Forest study of Modern and Indigenous housing strategy. AARCHES Journal, vol. 2, no. 1, 61 - 65. 2008.", "C. U. Nwajiuba, and R.U Onyeneke, Effects of climate change on the agriculture of sub-Saharan Africa: Lessons from Southeast Rainforest zone of Nigeria. Paper presented at the 10th Global Conference on Business and Economics, St Hugh's College University Press. 2010.", "M. Yesuf, S. Difalce; T. Deressa; C. Ringler and G.Kohlin, The impact of climate and Adaptation on food Production in low income countries; Evidence from the Nile Basin, Ethiopia. International Food Policy Research Institute Discussion (IFPRI) Paper No. 00828. Environment and Production Technology Division, IFPRI, Washington D.C. 2008.", "L. Grace, Sustainable Agriculture: the basic. www.gracelinks.org 2016 Accessed on 20/09/2016.", "I.U Nwaiwu, et al., The effects of Climate Change on Agricultural Sustainability in Southeast Nigeria \u2013 Implications \tfor Food \tSecurity. Asian Journal of Agricultural Extension, Economic and Sociology, vol. 3. No 1, 23-26 2013.", "Nigerian Environmental Study and Action team (NEST). Triggering Rural-Urban Interactions to Cope with Climate\t Change: An adaptation Experiment in Aba and its Region, southeastern Nigeria, NEST, Ibadan, Nigeria, 2012.\n[10]\tR. Mendelsohn, Measuring the effect of climate change on Developing country Agriculture: Two Essays on climate change on Agriculture FAO Corporate DocumentRepository, www.fao.org/docrep 2000. Accessed on 16/08/2016.\n[11]\tW. Akpalu, R.M. Hassan and C.Ringler. Climate Variability and Maize Yeild in South Africa:Results from GME (generalized maximum entropy) and MELE (maximum entropy leuven estimator) methods. International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) Discussion Paper No. 00843, Environment and Production Technology Division, IFPRI, Washinton D.C.\n[12]\tR.U.Onyeneke, Climate change and Crop farmers Adaptation measures in the Southeast Rainforest zone of Nigeria (unpublished) MSC Thesis. 2010.\n[13]\tS. Anderson, Climate change impacts on the progress towards and the sustainability of MDG achievement across Africa\". Report to the Africa Partnerships Forum, 2010.\n[14]\tJ.O. Munonye and C.S. Nwosu, Agricultural sustainability and\tEnvironmental Quality. Conference on International Journal of Arts and Sciences, 08(04): 57 -65. 2015.\n[15]\tB, Ronald, Farm Productive Practices http://www.farm.org/features/002/roland-bunch Accessed on 17/06/2016."]} Climate change has both negative and positive effects in agricultural production. For agriculture to be sustainable in adverse climate change condition, some natural measures are needed. The issue is to produce more food with available natural resources and reduce the contribution of agriculture to climate change. The study reviewed climate change and sustainable agriculture in southeast Nigeria. Data from the study were from secondary sources. Ten scientific papers were consulted and data for the review were collected from three. The objectives of the paper were as follows: to review the effect of climate change on one major arable crop in southeast Nigeria (yam; Dioscorea rotundata); evident of climate change impact and methods for sustainable agricultural production in adverse weather condition. Some climatic parameter as sunshine, relative humidity and rainfall have negative relationship with yam production and significant at 10% probability. Crop production was predicted to decline by 25% per hectare by 2060 while livestock production has increased the incidence of diseases and pathogens as the major effect to agriculture. Methods for sustainable agriculture and damage of natural resources by climate change were highlighted. Agriculture needs to be transformed as climate changes to enable the sector to be sustainable. There should be a policy in place to facilitate the integration of sustainability in Nigeria agriculture.

The paper presents basic information about photovoltaic cell operating principles and applied technologies. Statistical data that describes trends in photovoltaic generation development is reviewed. Information is analyzed that describes the sales of photovoltaic cells, increase in the installed capacity and development of the technology and prices. The paper comprehensively addresses the legal context of the development photovoltaics in Poland, starting from government plans for relevant programmes, and ending with an assessment of the most important regulations in EU and national law.

{"references": ["Thai Meteorological Department. \"Problems on Climate Change in\nThailand\" Meteorology News, August, 2010.", "Confalonieri et al.. \"8.2.8.3 Other infectious diseases\". In Parry 2007.\nChapter 8: Human health.\nhttp://www.ipcc.ch/publicationsr4/wg2/en/ch8s8-2-8-3.html.", "IPCC 2007d. \"5.2 Key vulnerabilities, impacts and risks - long-term\nperspectives\". Synthesis report.", "IPCC 2010d. \"3. Projected climate change and its impacts\". Summary\nfor Policymakers. CH: IPCC.", "P. J. Houghton, Y. Ding, D. J. Griggs, et al., eds. \"Climate change 2001:\nthe scientific basis: contribution of Working Group I to the Third\nAssessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change\".\nCambridge, UK, and New York, NY, USA: Print version: Cambridge\nUniversity Press, 2001.", "E. Masood & A. Ochert. \"UN Climate Change Report Turns up the\nHeat\". Nature 378: 119. 1665.", "W. E. Easterling,, et al. \"5.4.1 Primary effects and interactions\". In Parry\n2007. Chapter 5: Food, Fibre, and Forest Products. p.282.\nhttp://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg2/en/ch5s5-4.html#5-\n4-1.", "S. H. Schneider, et al. \"19.3.2.3 Aggregate market impacts\". In Parry\n2007. Chapter 19: Assessing Key Vulnerabilities and the Risk from\nClimate Change. p. 790.\nhttp://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg2/en/ch19s19-3-2\n3.html.", "T. L. Jr. Duvall. \"Helio- and Astero-seismology from the Earth and\nSpace\" [Online]. Available: http://iopscience.iop.org/. 1995.\n[10] E. N. Parker. \"A solar dynamo surface wave at the interface between\nconvection and nonuniform rotation\". Astrophys. J., 408 (1993), pp.\n707-719.\n[11] A. G. Kosovichev. \"Helioseismic constraints on the gradient of angular\nvelocity at the base of the solar convection zone.\" Astrophys. Journal,\n469 (1996), p. L61.\n[12] D. Hathaway. D. \"Solar cyclic predictions\". [Online]. Available:\nhttp://solarscience.msfc.nasa.gov/predict.shtml. [2011, June 01].\n[13] A. Watts. \"All three of these lines of research to point to the familiar\nsunspot cycle shutting down for a while.\" Southwest Research Institute\nPlanetary Science Directorate. http://wattsupwiththat.com/ June, 2011.\n[14] C. Kisner. \"Climate Change in Thailand: Impacts and Adaptation\nStrategies.\" Climate Institute, July 2008.\n[15] B. Kiernan. \"Blood and Soil: A World History of Genocide and\nExtermination from Sparta to Darfur.\" Yale University Press. pp. 110.\n2009."]} This research were investigated, determined, and analyzed of the climate characteristically change in the provincial Udon Thani in the period of 60 surrounding years from 1951 to 2010 A.D. that it-s transferred to effects of climatologically data for determining global warming. Statistically significant were not found for the 60 years- data (R2<0.81). Statistically significant were found after adapted data followed as the Sun Spot cycle in 11 year periods, at the level 0.001 (R2= 1.00). These results indicate the Udon Thani-s weather are affected change; temperatures and evaporation were increased, but rainfall and number days of rainfall, cyclone storm, wind speed, and humidity, forest assessment were decreased. The effects of thermal energy from the sun radiation energy and human activities that they-re followed as the sunspot cycle are able to be predicted from the last to the future of the uniformitarian-s the climate change and global warming effect of the world.

Hardin s lifeboat metaphor simplifies the issues involved in living on a finite planet with finite resources. If humankind hopes to remain on Earth for many generations, then humans need to understand and cope with the limits of a finite planet. Also, the rights and responsibilities of achieving the sustainable use of the planet must be congruent, equal effort from every country.

A number of biomass- and biogas-based plants, currently operating in Romania, are presented and described in this paper. Based on the available information, their operating conditions and capacities, the feedstock and conversion technology used as well as the techno-economic barriers met by the operators/investors are summarized. As the study shows, majority of the plants operate in the co-generation mode, i.e., produce electricity and heat. Electricity is generally delivered to the national grid, receiving green certificates, while heat is used by the plant operator in various heat demanding processes as well as for district heating. Biomass-based plants are mainly operated by wood processing companies that generate large amounts of wood waste. Biogas-based plants are located and operated by companies in the agri-food sector. Proceedings of the 27th European Biomass Conference and Exhibition, 27-30 May 2019, Lisbon, Portugal, pp. 220-225

As an ecological source of renewable energy, the available kinetic energy of rainfall is not trifling, especially in tropical countries at the equators. The research on the use of piezoelectric transducer to harvest raindrop kinetic energy is gaining more and more attention recently. This article reviews the state-of-the-art energy harvesting technology from the conversion of raindrop kinetic energy using piezoelectric transducers as well as its interface circuits for vibration-based energy harvesters. Performance of different types of piezoelectric harvesters in terms of power output, area power density and energy conversion efficiency are compared. Summaries of key problems and suggestions on the optimization of the performance of the piezoelectric harvesters are also provided for future works.

{"references": ["Z. Huda, Metallurgical Failure Analysis for a Blade Failed in a Gas-\nTurbine Engine of a Power Plant; Materials and Design, 30 (2009) pp 3121 - 3125", "Z. Huda, \"Development of Design Principles for a Creep-Limited Alloy\nfor Turbine Blades' Journal of Materials Engineering & Performance;\nASM International, 4 (1) (1995) pp. 48-53", "Z. Huda, \"Development of Heat Treatment Process for a P/M Superalloy\nfor Turbine Blades\", Materials and Design, 28 (5) (2007) pp. 1664 -1667", "R. C. Reed, The Superalloys: Fundamentals and Applications:\nCambridge University Press, (2006)", "W.-D. Cao, In: E.A. Loria, Editor, Superalloys 718, 625, 706 and Derivatives, The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society, Warrendale\n(2005), pp. 165-177", "U. Martin, M. Jerenz, U. M\u251c\u255dhle, and H. Oettel, Microstructure and\nModeling of the High Temperature Deformation Behavior of TBCCoated\nSuperalloys, Materials Science and Engineering A, 319-321 (2001) pp. 388-392", "I. Gurrappa and R.A. Sambasiva, Thermal Barrier Coatings for\nEnhanced Efficiency of Gas Turbine Engines, Surface & Coatings\nTechnology 201 (2006) pp. 3016 - 3029", "D. St\u00f6ver, C. Funke, Directions of the Development of Thermal Barrier\nCoatings in Energy Applications, J. Materials Processing Technology,\n92-93 (1999) pp.195-202", "M.E. Miller and W.L. Chambers: In Superalloys II; Editors: C.T. Sims,\nN.S. Stoloff and W.C. Hagel; John Wiley & Sons, 1987\n[10] D.M. Todd, \"GE Combined Cycle Experience\": 33rd GD Turbine Stateof-\nthe-Art Tech Seminar, Paper No. GER-3585A, USA, (1989)\n[11] G.A. Zickler, R. Schnitzer, R. Radis, R. Hochfellner, R. Schweins, M.\nStockinger, and H. Leitner, \"Microstructure and mechanical properties\nof the superalloy ATI Allvac\u00ae 718Plus\u2122\", Materials Science & Engineering A 523 (1-2) (2009) pp. 295-303\n[12] S.A. Sajjadi and S. Nategh, A high-temperature deformation mechanism\nmap for the high performance Ni-base superalooy: GTD-111; Materials.\nScience &. Engineering A, 307 (1-2) (2001), pp. 158-164\n[13] S.A.Sajjadi, S. Nategh, and R.I.L. Guthrie, Study of microstructure and\nmechanical properties of high-performance Ni-base superalloy: GTD-\n111; Mater. Sci. Eng. A 325 (2002), p. 484-489\n[14] S.A. Sajjadi, S.M. Zebarjad, R.I.L Guthrie, and M. Isac; Microstructure\nevolution of high-performance Ni-base superalloy GTD-111 with heat\ntreatment parameters; J. Materials Processing Technology, 175 (1-3)\n(2006) pp. 376-381"]} This presentation reviews recent advances in superalloys and thermal barrier coating (TBC) for application in hot sections of energy-efficient gas-turbine engines. It has been reviewed that in the modern combined-cycle gas turbines (CCGT) applying single-crystal energy materials (SC superalloys) and thermal barrier coatings (TBC), and – in one design – closed-loop steam cooling, thermal efficiency can reach more than 60%. These technological advancements contribute to profitable and clean power generation with reduced emission. Alternatively, the use of advanced superalloys (e.g. GTD-111 superalloy, Allvac 718Plus superalloy) and advanced thermal barrier coatings (TBC) in modern gas-turbines has been shown to yield higher energy-efficiency in power generation.

Introduction: Wind-turbine noise emission and its environmental impact are considerable issues nowadays. Considering the importance of the issue, the purpose of this study was to prepare noise map and wind turbines sound characteristics on the largest wind farm of Iran. Method: This study was carried out in two phases:1) In order to prepare the daytime sound level (Ld) noise map, environmental noise measurement was done using LAeq for 10 minutes three times daily according to the ISO9612 method. 2) On the basis of IEC 61400-11.2006, sound characteristics and wind speed were measured concurrently at the back and front of the wind turbines using TES-1358 Sound Level Meter and vane anemometer. Discussion: The average daytime sound level (Ld) of wind farm was 63dBA which is 3 dB higher than the recommended level. Wind speed has a significant non-linear relationship with the wind turbine noise emissions (p<0.05) which is valid with increasing wind speed up to 17 m/s. Frequency analysis showed that the wind turbine noise is in the range of low noise frequencies(below 1000 Hz). There is a significant relationship between the power generation, wind turbine blade length and sound level (p<0.05). Sound pressure levels in frequencies lower than 250 Hz are equal at the back and front of the wind turbines. Wind turbine characteristics specifies model of noise emission. Result: Daytime sound level around the wind farm is more than the recommended values. The sound level of wind turbines is sensitive to Wind speed changes and it is in a range of low frequencies and fluctuation once.

The Solar Energy Industrial Initiative established the objective of integrating PV into the grid to provide up to 12% of the EU electricity demand. The FP7 project PVCROPS has developed solutions to allow the high penetration of PV systems in EU electrical networks and to reduce its Levelized Cost (LCoE) increasing PV system performance. The solutions consist of documents like technical specifications and toolboxes for design, prediction, integration of batteries and automatic detection of performance failures. Six of them are on-line free tools and thirteen are marketable products. These tools allow reducing the LCoE up to 30%, increasing the Performance Ratio up to 9% and PV penetration of 30%. The tools developed by PVCROPS are detailed in www.pvcrops.eu 31st European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition; 1663-1666