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As an archipelago, Indonesia has thousands of islands and stretched coastlines. It is, therefore, Indonesia has many mangroves as a characteristic of plants exists on the coast. There have been many studies and trials of mangrove utilization for economic and ecological purposes, yet it is limited use of mangroves for educational purposes. This study aims to promote the mangrove ecosystem for educational purposes, particularly as a source of biology learning, increase students ’interest in studying biology, and increase students’ interest in conserving mangroves. This study used a qualitative approach with three instruments, namely observation, interview and questionnaire. The result indicated that the mangrove ecosystem could be used as a source of learning biology and be able to increase students’ interest in studying biology and conserving mangroves.

Abstract In this paper, we analyze the rationale for an energy policy mix when the European Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS) is considered from a public choice perspective. That is, we argue that the economic textbook model of the ETS implausibly assumes (1) efficient policy design and (2) climate protection as the single objective of policy intervention. Contrary to these assumptions, we propose that the ETS originates from a political bargaining game within a context of multiple policy objectives. In particular, the emissions cap is negotiated between regulators and emitters with the emitters' abatement costs as crucial bargaining variable. This public choice view yields striking implications for an optimal policy mix comprising RES supporting policies. Whereas the textbook model implies that the ETS alone provides sufficient climate protection, our analysis suggests that support for renewable energies (1) contributes to a more effective ETS-design and (2) may even increase the overall efficiency of climate and energy policy if other externalities and policy objectives besides climate protection are considered. Thus, our analysis also shows that a public choice view not necessarily entails negative evaluations concerning efficiency and effectiveness of a policy mix.

AbstractRevolutionary changes in energy storage technology have put forward higher requirements on next‐generation anode materials for lithium‐ion battery. Recently, a new class of materials with complex stoichiometric ratios, high‐entropy oxide (HEO), has gradually emerging into sight and embracing the prosperity. The ideal elemental adjustability and attractive synergistic effect make HEO promising to break through the integrated performance bottleneck of conventional anodes and provide new impetus for the design and development of electrochemical energy storage materials. Here, the research progress of HEO anodes is comprehensively reviewed. The driving force behind phase stability, the role of individual cations, potential mechanisms for controlling properties, as well as state‐of‐the‐art synthetic strategies and modification approaches are critically evaluated. Finally, we envision the future prospects and related challenges in this field, which will bring some enlightening guidance and criteria for researchers to further unlock the mysteries of HEO anodes.image

Control methods based on global positioning systems (GPS) are reported in multiple literatures recently, which achieve a fixed frequency operation of the microgrid and therefore has the tremendous benefit that any problems related to frequency instability are eliminated. However, the possible interruption of GPS timing signals may cause current circulating and finally leads to instability of the microgrid, yet it is largely neglected in literatures. This paper presents an angle synchronizing mechanism which utilizes the timing signal from GPS satellites and an auxiliary frequency droop loop to ensure synchronization during GPS offline events. Smooth transfer is guaranteed between primary and auxiliary control loops with discrete control architecture. Also, to allow microgrid using GPS-based control to work in tandem with the bulk power system or another frequency droop microgrid, an extra synchronization algorithm is proposed. The viability and performance of the proposed control structure is validated by case studies.

Abstract Ni hard 4 cast iron has high strength and wear resistance material used in pipe fittings, concrete mixture, etc. In this study, improve the surface property like hardness, wear resistance of Ni hard 4 cast iron and adding alloying element like Titanium grade 2 (0.6mm) sheet on the surface using Gas Tungsten Arc as heat source. The hardness was taken at the base and modified area and it is increased from 597.5 HV to 1435 HV. Wear rate was found to be 4.7 for base and 0.15 for modified layer. The wear resistance is improved because of the formation of titanium carbide hard phase in the modified layer. The titanium carbide phase is formed and it was observed by XRD analysis. In the elemental composition analysis the presence of titanium 10 wt% was observed in the modified area. © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Selection and/or Peer-review under responsibility of International Conference on Advances in Materials and Manufacturing Applications [IConAMMA 2018].

AbstractShipbuilding is an energy-intensive industrial sector that produces a significant amount of waste, pollution and air emissions. However, the International Maritime Organization concentrates only on reducing emissions during the operational phase. In order to completely phase out emissions from the shipping industry, a life-cycle approach must be taken. The study implemented the proposed transdisciplinary energy management framework in a Bangladeshi shipyard. The framework aims to support shipyard decision makers in making rational and optimized decisions to make shipyards sustainable, while maintaining good product quality and reducing relative cost. This is achieved by applying the Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process and Fuzzy Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution methods to identify optimal solutions. In addition to making shipyards more sustainable, the framework can enhance both the business and socio-economic prospects of the shipyard and promote the reputation of the shipyard and improve its competitiveness and, in line with this, lead to the promotion of nationally determined contributions under the Paris Agreement for States. The implementation of the framework shows that the political and legal discipline, the social criteria and the implementation of ISO 14001 and cyber security were the most important criteria and options for the yard's decision makers.

Os sistemas fotovoltaicos conectados à rede vêm cada vez mais ganhando espaço no Brasil. Isto é fruto de uma política energética regulatória iniciada em 2012, expansão mundial dessa tecnologia e o alto potencial de irradiação solar disponível no país. Este trabalho tem por objetivo comparar grandezas elétricas medidas no ponto comum de conexão (PCC) de uma unidade consumidora (UC) com perfil de carga comercial e sua microusina fotovoltaica (FV) de 45kWp conectada à rede elétrica em relação ao atendimento dos parâmetros da qualidade da energia elétrica (QEE) em regime permanente estabelecidos no Módulo 8 do Procedimento de Distribuição (PRODIST) da Agência Nacional de Energia Elétrica (ANEEL). Os parâmetros analisados no PCC da instalação foram: perfil de tensão, fator de potência, distorção harmônica total de tensão, fator de desequilíbrio e frequência. Também é apresentado o consumo e geração da unidade consumidora com a usina fotovoltaica para um dia útil e um dia do final de semana. Os resultados obtidos mostram que a UC com a usina FV conectada à rede elétrica em operação não impacta na QEE da rede de distribuição e os parâmetros analisados estão dentro dos limites estabelecidos pelo Módulo 8 do PRODIST da ANEEL, com exceção da tensão que requer ajustes no comutador de carga do transformador da distribuidora que alimenta a instalação.

The energy expended to cool the occupied areas by air conditioners represents a substantial share of the total energy exhausted in buildings. Therefore, developing strategies to reduce this energy is crucial. One of the preponderance strategies adopted to depreciate energy consumption in buildings is the occupancy-based strategy. In this research, an innovative model was established to achieve the goal of reducing cooling energy consumed in buildings based on occupancy-based combined with a constant temperature setpoint strategy in two phases, and each phase engrosses in 20 days. Phase one is to identify the extent of cooling energy employed according to the use of room occupants and its costs in consumption was 276.01 kWh after completion of this phase. Sequentially, constructing phase two intended to reduce cooling energy consumption by employing an automatic air-conditioner (AC) control strategy relying on an improved human detection algorithm with a 25℃ as temperature setpoint, resulting in 112.45 kWh of consumption. To complement the motives for elaboration, the human detection measurement using you only look once (YOLO) improved by applying pre-processing algorithms to reach an average human detection enhancement of 21.2%. The proposed model results showed that potential savings associated with the embraced strategy decreases by more than anticipated as the amount of reduced energy reached 59% savings.